2026版创新设计高考总复习英语(外研版)教师用-第二节　形容词和副词

第二节形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的用法1.形容词(1)形容词用法修饰名词作定语;跟在系动词后作表语;跟在宾语后作宾补;还可用作状语,说明主语的情况。Ifeelexcitedbecausethisschooldiffersinmanywaysfrommypreviousone,ismuchbiggerandmoredynamicthanIexpected.(北师大必一U1)我感到很兴奋,因为这所学校在很多方面都与我以前的学校不同,比我想象的要大得多,也更有活力。Heleft,leavingmealoneintheroom.他离开了,把我一个人留在房间里。Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.

由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕的生物,有些人不去海里游泳了。(外研必二U6)(2)词性转换构成意义例词名词+-y充满……的wind风→windy多风的cloud云→cloudy多云的wealth财富→wealthy富有的health健康→healthy健康的名词/动词+-ful充满……的;有……倾向的wonder惊奇→wonderful绝妙的;success成功→successful成功的;use使用→useful有用的;help帮助→helpful有帮助的;power力量→powerful强有力的;peace和平→peaceful和平的名词+-al/-ial与……有关的person人;个人→personal个人的;face脸→facial面部的;nature自然→natural自然的;culture文化→cultural文化的名词+-ous有……性质的danger危险→dangerous危险的;glory光荣→glorious光荣的;humor幽默→humorous幽默的;religion宗教→religious宗教的名词+-ish有……性质的child孩子→childish孩子气的;self自我→selfish自私的名词/动词+-ible/-able能……的;可……的access进入→accessible可进入的;reason理由→reasonable合理的;comfort舒适→comfortable舒适的;admire钦佩→admirable可钦佩的名词/动词+-ive有……性质的attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的;create创造→creative创造性的;expense花费→expensive昂贵的;effect效应→effective有效的名词/动词+-ly有……特征的friend朋友→friendly友好的;time时间→timely及时的;day一天→daily日常的;love爱→lovely可爱的名词/动词+-less没有……的end终止→endless无穷无尽的;aim目标→aimless无目标的;home家→homeless无家可归的;use使用→useless无用的名词+-en由……制成的wood木头→wooden木制的;wool毛→woolen羊毛的名词+-ern……方向的south南方→southern南方的;east东方→eastern东方的名词/动词+-ate具有……性质的fortune运气→fortunate幸运的;consider考虑→considerate体贴的(3)由动词的-ing形式或过去分词转化成的形容词这类形容词对应的动词多为及物动词,含有“使人……”的含义,其中与人的情感相关的动词尤为常见,如excite(使人兴奋)、interest(使人感兴趣)等。此类动词形成的-ing形容词和-ed形容词具有不同的特点::

动词原形动词-ing形式的形容词(常意为“令人……的”,描述主语或被修饰词所具有的特征)过去分词形式的形容词(常意为“感到……的”,描述主语或被修饰词所处的状态)exciteexciting令人兴奋的→excitingnews令人兴奋的消息excited感到兴奋的→excitedvoice兴奋的声音interestinteresting有趣的→interestingstory有趣的故事interested感兴趣的→interestedaudience感兴趣的观众surprisesurprising令人惊讶的→surprisingspeed惊人的速度surprised感到惊讶的→surprisedlook惊讶的眼神/神情tiretiring令人疲倦的→tiringwork累人的工作tired感到疲倦的→tiredfeet疲劳的双脚pleasepleasing令人满意的→pleasingresult令人满意的结果pleased感到满意的→pleasedcustomer满意的顾客amazeamazing令人惊奇的→amazingperformance令人惊奇的表演amazed感到惊奇的→amazedcrowds惊愕的人群[点拨]有些不及物动词的过去分词或动词-ing形式也可转化成形容词,如fallen(落下的)、falling(正在下落的)。2.副词副词在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。Henoticedthatthesaucerwasanantiqueandveryvaluable,sohewalkedcasually(casual)intothestoreandinnocently(innocent)offeredtobuythecatfor20dollars.(北师大选二U4)他注意到浅碟是件古董,很值钱,于是他漫不经心地走进店里,装作若无其事地想用20美元买那只猫。Fortunately(fortunate)thereweresomepeoplewaitingtocrossatthetrafficlight,sotheyquicklyranovertothecarandcheckedthatthedriverwasfine,andthenpushedthecarbackontoitswheels.(北师大选二U4)幸运的是,当时有一些人正在红绿灯前等待过马路,所以他们很快跑到车旁,确认司机无恙后,然后把车扶正。考点二形容词变副词的规则类别例词直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为-le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y(whole例外)terrible→terribly极度地gentle→gently轻柔地whole→wholly整个地词尾为-ue结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly真实地词尾为-ll结尾的形容词,直接加-yfull→fully充分地;完全地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为-ic结尾的形容词,加-ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地public→publicly公开地;公然地Peoplemightgently(gentle)mockpeopleinpositionsofpower“mybosscan’trunabath,letalonethiscompany!”(北师大选二U4)人们可能会温和地嘲笑位高权重的人“我的老板连浴室都开不了,更别说运营这家公司了!”WhenHelengothernewballetshoes,shesmiled,putthemonanddancedaroundhappily(happy).(北师大选二U4)当海伦拿到她的新芭蕾舞鞋时,她笑了,高兴地穿上新鞋跳起舞来。Thisfamousattraction,Yuzui,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,namely,FeishayanandBaopingkou,wasscientifically(scientific)designedtocontrolthewaterflowthroughouttheyear.(人教选四U2)这个著名的景点“鱼嘴”,连同另外两个重要的部分,即“飞沙岩”和“保平口”,都是为了控制全年的水流量而科学设计的。考点三形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er和-est构成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的字母-e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+-y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more和most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[点拨]①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、cruel、stupid、secure和以-ow、-er结尾的词。②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right、wrong、excellent、complete、empty、first、wooden、final、east、last等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指时间或空间上“更远(的)”]·further[指空间距离“更远(的)”;在更大程度上]·farthest[指时间或空间上“最久(的);最远(的)”]·furthest[指空间距离“最远(的)”;在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比较等级的常用句型(1)同级比较:“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”,其否定形式是“notas/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”。Bodylanguageisasimportantaswordsincommunicatingwithotherpeople.(人教选一U4)

在与他人交流时,肢体语言与言语同样重要。(2)比较级:“形容词/副词的比较级+than”;“more/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、byfar、alot、agreatdeal等。Featuresare“peoplestories”,andaretypicallylongerthanstandardnewsstories.(外研必一U3)

特写是“人物故事”,通常比标准新闻故事要长。(3)最高级:“the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语)”;“oneofthe+形容词的最高级+名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar、almost以及序数词等。ThefirstofthepoetscomingtherewasRobertSouthey,oneofthemostrespectedpoetsofhistime.(外研选三U6)

第一个来到这里的诗人是罗伯特·索塞,他是那个时代最受尊敬的诗人之一。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原级”表示“越来越……”。Whenpassengerdronesareflyingaboveourcitiesinlargequantities,theskywillbegettingmoreandmorecrowded.(译林选二U4)

当大量的客运无人机在我们的城市上空飞行时,天空将变得越来越拥挤。(5)“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”,表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.

你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。(6)“the+比较级+of(the)+名词/代词”,表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.

这两个照相机中,我喜欢较小的那个,对我来说它很容易携带。3.比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词+比较级”或“否定词+such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingcouldbebetterifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.如果有人主动提出帮助他们,那就再好不过了。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义:·比较级+than+anyother+单数名词·比较级+than+alltheother+复数名词·比较级+than+anyoftheother+复数名词TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.

长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。4.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有:(1)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B(2)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)A+is+倍数+the+名词(size、length、height等)+of+B(4)the+名词(size、length、height等)+of+A+is+倍数+that+of+B(5)A+is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句Itsprofitsarerisingfourtimesfasterthantheaveragecompany.

其利润正以快于一般公司4倍的速度增长。1.根据句子成分判断是形容词还是副词(1)若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。(2)当设空处作状语时,要首先考虑填副词。【典例1】The(evident)growingChineseonlineliteratureinoverseasmarketsoffersatotallynewworldwidelensintounderstandingChina.

答案evidently[此处作状语修饰growing,应用副词形式,故填evidently。]【典例2】KunquOperaisconsideredChina’soldestoperaformandoneofthemost(influence)theatricaltraditions.

答案influential[此处修饰名词traditions,需用形容词作定语,故填influential。]2.看到与than连用,要想到用比较级【典例1】TheAIinspection,poweredbycameras,drones(无人机)andwalkingrobots,iscapableofcompletingataskin(little)thanfiveminutes.

答案less[根据空后的than可知,空处应用比较级,little的比较级是less,构成短语lessthan,意为“少于”。故填less。]【典例2】Afterafewmonths,weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.

答案stronger[根据句中的比较级标志词than可知,本句应用比较级,表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较,much用于修饰比较级。]3.看到and、but、or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级【典例】Theywerealsothebestand(bad)yearsinmylife.(全国Ⅲ卷)

答案worst[由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级形式。]4.看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.

答案earlier[由hadmade可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前,故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了,故用比较级earlier。]5.看到下列固定搭配,要想到用比较等级(1)the+比较级...,the+比较级...【典例1】The(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.

答案harder[分析句子结构可知,此句为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。故填harder。](2)the+最高级+标志性词语或从句【典例2】Mymummakesthe(good)biscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.

答案best[此处前面有the,后面有表示范围的“intheworld”,所以应该用形容词的最高级。]层级一模拟达标练1.Nearly4,000unearthedculturalrelicsaredisplayedinthemuseum.Morethanthreequartersofthesehaveneverbeenpublicly(public)exhibitedbefore.(2025·山东名校考试联盟高三二模)2.Oneofthemostremarkable(remarkable)featuresofChineseoperaisitsintegration(融合)ofsinging,dancing,acting,andacrobatics.(2025·保定九县高三三模)

3.TheNanjingHongshanForestZoo,oncestrugglingtosustainitssurvival(survive),hasundergonearemarkableturnaround.(2025·济宁高三二模)4.“Thisreflectedthecompany’scommitment(commit)tohelpingchildrenbelieveinthemselvesthroughsports,”itsaid.(2025·邯郸高三二模)5.Duetotemperatureriseandsafetyconcerns,thehugely(huge)popularHarbinIceandSnowWorlddroppeditscurtainonThursdayevening.(2025·榆林高三三模)6.Lanternswithmodernthemessuchascartooncharacters,culturaltrendsandonlinegamesaregainingpopularity(popular)amongyoungpeople.(2025·南昌高三二模)7.NorthernChinaexperiencescold,anddrywinters,andhotsummers,makingcaloriesandsaltreplacementevenmoreimportant(important).(2025·三门峡高三三模)

8.Thetaskaimedtodevelopstudents’innovative(innovation)thinking.(2025·广西柳州高三三模)9.PartsofAsiaarenowgoingthrougharapidly(rapid)agingfarmerpopulationandafearoffoodshortage(short).(2025·芜湖高三模拟)10.Thechangingoffacial(face)make-upsandcolorsreflectsacharacter’s(character)mood—redrepresentingangerandblackextremefury.(2025·宁德高三三模)层级二高考真题练1.Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)2.Incoldweather,thestructurestaysclosed(close)toprotecttheplants.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)3.Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthecompletion(complete)oftheirjourney.(2024·全国甲卷)4.Yellowstonewasthelargest(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaskatookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.(2024·全国甲卷)5.TheseplantsincludedmodernWesternfavourites(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)6.Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommonthemes(theme)intheirworks.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)7.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrival(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfident(confidence)speakingEnglish.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)8.So,whataretheylearning?Basically(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)9.Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,tasty(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)10.Beijingisalsoaplacewith21st-centuryarchitecturalwonders(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.(2023·全国乙卷改编)层级三语篇提能练(2023·浙江1月卷改编)DuringChina’s1.(dynasty)period,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocial2.(class).Theterm“hutong”,3.(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.

IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermittedtolive4.(close)tothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsand5.(wealth)businessmenoftenfeatured6.(beautiful)carvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,li