2026版创新设计高考总复习英语(外研版)教师用-第一节　定语从句

第一讲三大从句第一节定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句(一)关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中所充当的成分that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as物主语、宾语、表语Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthat/whichtookagestobedelivered?(外研必一U4)如果唯有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息,你会怎样?Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewho/thatshareourinterests,suchascollectingmodelcarsorplayinganunusualinstrument.(外研必一U4)数字时代还帮我们能够找到志趣相投的人,例如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。Mr.Smithistheperson(whom/who/that)Iamworkingwith.史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Ineedtorushtotheclassroomswhosewindowsareopen.(译林选四U2)看起来好像要下雨了。我得赶紧去那些窗户开着的教室。(二)关系代词的用法区别1.that和which的区别只用that的情况先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、theone等不定代词时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)先行词被theonly、thevery(正是、恰是)、thelast等修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时先行词中既有人也有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时Thesecondbookthatthewriterwrotewaspopularwithyoungpeople.那个作家写的第二本书很受年轻人的喜欢。Theseworksofliteraturearetheveryonesthatshouldberead.这些文学作品正是人们所需要读的。TheInternationalDayofFamilies,whichwassetbytheUnitedNationsin1993,isheldon15Mayeveryyear.(外研必一U3)国际家庭日由联合国于1993年设立,每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。Buildingtheterracesthereforemeantthattheycouldincreasetheareasinwhichtheycouldgrowrice.(外研必一U6)开垦梯田意味着他们可以扩大水稻的种植面积。2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等意思上这一点,这件事正如……,正像……的那样Aspeoplesay,“Ittakesavillagetoraiseachild.”(外研选四U4)正如人们所说:“养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。”Newstudentsneedtolearnabouttheschoolrules,whichiscommonpracticeinmanyplaces.(译林选四U2)新生需要了解校规,这在许多地方是很常见的做法。3.其他关系代词的用法区别关系代词先行词在从句中所充当的成分who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语Onthefirstday,Ishouldwanttoseethepeoplewhosekindnessandgentlenessandcompanionshiphavemademylifeworthliving.(外研选一U2)在第一天,我想看到那些待我善良、温柔和友好,从而使我的生命值得活下去的人。Johnismybestfriendandheisoneofthepeoplewho/whomIhavecompleteconfidencein.(译林选四U2)约翰是我最好的朋友,他是我完全信任的人之一。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句先行词关系副词在从句中所充当的成分与“介词+关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词:time、day、year等。when时间状语=at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词:park、place、country、house等。where地点状语=in/at/to/onwhich表示理由的名词:thereasonwhy原因状语=forwhichPeoplewereexcited—thezooistheonlyplaceinthecountrywhereitispossibletoseepandas.(外研必一U5)人们很兴奋,因为动物园是这个国家唯一可以看到熊猫的地方。Thereweretimeswhenquestionslike“Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam,please?”wouldbemetwiththereply“WhywouldImind?”(译林选四U2)有时,像“你介意把果酱递给我吗?”这样的问题会得到“我为什么会介意?”的答复。Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(人教必一U5)(中华文明)存续至今的原因有很多,但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。[点拨](1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point、situation、case、stage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。(2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where。(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语时,可用that、inwhich或省略关系词这三种形式。Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituationswheretheremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.(译林选四U2)当我们旅行时,我们应该注意那些可能有不成文规则的情况,比如送礼物。Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangetheway(that/inwhich)welive.(北师大选一U3)这意味着我们必须极大地改变生活方式。考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.分类类别句法功能示例介词+关系代词(which/whom)状语TheseterraceswerebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,towhomGuangxiishome.(外研必一U5)龙脊梯田是由广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民开垦的。介词+whose+名词状语Hewasthemanfromwhoseroomthethiefhadstolenhisbag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词(which/whom)主语Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.(人教选一U1)后来,该药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,其中大多数患者都康复了。2.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定(1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。Physicsisthesubjectinwhicheverystudentinourschoolisinterested.(beinterestedin)物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。Thosewithoutoutsidespacecanrentsmallpiecesoflandonwhichtogrowthings.(ontheland)(外研必一U6)住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.(withoutthegas)这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存。1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别分类用法限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制了所修饰的先行词的意义,如果去掉,主句意思不完整甚至失去意义。主从句之间往往不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不是很密切,从句只是对先行词作补充说明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然完整。主从句之间往往用逗号分开。Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。Hefailedinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.(非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的句子)=Hefailedinthematch,anditwasagreatpity.他在比赛中失败了,这真令人遗憾。2.定语从句和其他句式的区别(1)定语从句与并列句并列句有and、but、so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。①Ihavethreecars,noneofisingoodcondition.

②Ihavethreecars,butnoneofisingoodcondition.

①句中cars后面是非限制性定语从句,空格中填关系代词which;②句中有并列连词but,题干是并列句,空格中填代词them。(2)定语从句与状语从句①定语从句修饰、限制先行词,常放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,可以放在主句的前面。Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.(when引导定语从句;外研必一U5)当黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭晓时,这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。Whenthemeetingwasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.(when引导时间状语从句)会议结束时,已经五点钟了。②when、where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时则不行。There,theywerewelcomedtotheChinese-stylecompoundwheretheyweretolive.(where引导定语从句;外研必一U5)在那儿,他们受到热烈欢迎,并被接到给他们安排的中式院子里。Putbackthebookwhereitwas.(where引导地点状语从句)把书放回原处。③定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉之后从句成分不完整;而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.(as引导定语从句,作动词like的宾语)这是一本我们都喜欢的有趣的书。Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.(that引导结果状语从句,不充当从句的成分)这是一本如此有趣的书,我们都喜欢它。(3)定语从句与同位语从句①定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。②同位语从句的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与前面名词之间是同位关系。Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical.(that引导的是定语从句,that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语,可省略)他提出的建议是切实可行的。Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning.(that引导的是同位语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不可省略)他给了我一个建议,我们应该每天早晨大声朗读。【典例1】Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson,madehiseldersondiscouraged.

答案which[空前句子完整且设空处无提示词;分析句子结构知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容,并在从句中作主语。]【典例2】IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.

答案where[空前句子完整且设空处无提示词;分析句子结构知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语。]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thedishbecameknownas“cross-bridgenoodles”inmemoryofthewifewho/thatdiscoveredadishthatwouldstaywarmasshecrossedthebridgetotheislandeveryday.(2025·安庆高三二模)2.Unlikeotheroverseas-borngiantpandasthat/whichhavebeensenttoChina,LeLewon’tundergoquarantine(检疫)atthebasesinYa’anorWolong.(2025·蚌埠高三三模)3.Themysteriousancientroads,whichdatebackover2,200yearsandpredatetheRomanRoadsbyover200years,areknowntobeanaturalmuseuminthehistoryofroadconstruction.(2025·池州高三二模)4.Ithasbecomeapopulardestinationwherevisitorscanglimpsediverseanimalsandappreciatethebeautyandsignificanceoflife.(2025·济宁高三二模)5.Inadditionto“HappyLoong”,theGansuProvincialMuseumoffersstuffedtoysinspiredbytheflyingapsaras(飞天)oftheMogaoGrottoesandthebronzegallopinghorsefromtheEasterHanDynasty(25-220),allofwhichcombinerichhistorywithGen-Zappeal.(2025·惠州高三三模)6.Herreport,whosetitlewas“Ihaveadream”madeherdreamofbuildingafreeall-girlshighschoolknowntoall.(2025·鹰潭高三二模)7.Qiangembroidery(羌绣)datesbacktotheHanDynastywhenitwasadoptedforuseonclothing.(2025·景德镇高三三模)8.Asanofficialdocumentexplained,teaisafundamentalculturalelementtoChinesepeople’sdailylife.(2025·梅州高三二模)9.Technologicaltransformationisaffectingthewayinwhichpeoplelearnandchildrengrow.(2025·长沙二模)10.TheMingDynastymarkedaboomintheeconomyofSuzhou,theveryperiodthatturnedthecityintoamajorculturalcenter.(2025·南京二模)Ⅱ.语法与写作1.Sometimesweholdeventsinthelocalcommunitywhoseaimistopromotepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

有时我们在当地社区举办活动,目的是提高人们的环保意识。2.Besides,knowaboutallkindsoffieldsasmuchasyoucanandfindtheonethatinterestsandsuitsyoubest.

此外,尽可能多地了解各种领域,找到最感兴趣和最适合你的领域。3.Acloserlookconvincedhimthatitwasonlyarabbit,whichquicklydisappearedinthedark.

仔细一看,他确信那只是一只兔子,它很快就消失在黑暗中。4.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。5.WheneverIrecallthemomentwhenIsteppedintothisschool,thisclasswillcomeintomymind,bringingsweetmemory.

每当我回忆起我踏进这所学校的那一刻,这节课就会浮现在我的脑海里,带来甜蜜的回忆。Ⅲ.语篇提能练Therewasatime1.IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4.teacherwasMrYu,communicatedwithmefacetoface.He,from5.Igainedsomeusefulinstructions,alsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelit