2017-2018学年高中英语译林版选修7Unit3Section4测试题

助动词[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①IamspeakinginfavouroftheInternet.②TherearetwomainpointswhichmustbeincludedwhenweanalysetheInternet.③Withthetouchofabuttonortheclickofamouse,astudentwillfindabundantinformation.④Theseproblemsdonotoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.⑤Tohelpsolvethisproblem,aspecialclinicwasopenedinBeijingin2005.⑥Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout.(1)按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。(2)以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。(3)②⑤句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成被动语态。(4)①③⑥句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成时态。(5)④句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词occur一起构成否定。[语法剖析]语法点一助动词的概念协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(MainVerb)。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。语法点二助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be,do,have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词短语(半助动词)beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,bemeantto,besupposedto,bewillingto,haveto,seemto,beunableto,beunwillingto在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词shall,will,should，would无词义，主要用来构成将来时[即时演练1]用适当的助动词填空①Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.②Ihaven't(not)seenhimforalongtime.③OnlywhenwebeganourcollegelifedidwerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.④Iboughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butitdoesn'twork.⑤Hewilletotheofficethisafternoon.⑥Thesebooksarenotsupposedtobetakenoutofthereading­room.语法点三基本助动词的用法助动词be的用法用法例句be＋现在分词，构成进行时态Englishisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.Theywerehavingameeting.be＋过去分词，构成被动语态Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.be＋动词不定式表示最近、未来的计划或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.表示命令Youaretoexplainthis.[即时演练2](1)完成句子①她现在正在写一本书。Sheis_writingabooknow.②当我到达那里时，他们正在看电视。Theywere_watching_TVwhenIgotthere.③很多人在地震中丧生。Manypeoplewere_killedintheearthquake.④下午2点你到老师办公室。Youare_to_gettoourteacher'sofficeat2o'clock.(2)(重庆高考)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.A．willeB．wasingC．hadeD．came解析：选B。考查时态。前一句说James已经到了，然后用but语意一转说直到昨天才知道他要来，据此可知应该填表示将来含义的时态。A项虽然表示将来，但是因为主句用了过去时，从句不能用一般将来时，因此只能选择B项，用过去进行时表将来。(3)(北京高考)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I________inanapplicationformforanewjob.A．fillB．havefilledC．amfillingD．willfill解析：选C。考查时态。句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰吧。”“对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”由答句中的时间状语rightnow和上下文语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事，应用现在进行时，故选C项。(4)(大纲卷)Unlesssomeextramoney________，thetheatrewillclose.A．wasfoundB．findsC．isfoundD．found解析：选C。考查动词时态和语态。句意：除非找些额外的资金，否则这个剧院就要倒闭。状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，同时money与find之间是动宾关系，故选C。2．助动词have的用法用法例句have/had＋过去分词，构成完成时态Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.have＋been＋现在分词，构成现在完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.have＋been＋过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.[即时演练3](1)完成句子①那不可能是约翰，他进城了。Itcan'tbeJohn.Hehas_gonetotown.②我一上午都在修理冰箱。Ihave_been_fixingthefridgeallthismorning.③英语在我国已被广泛使用了。Englishhas_been_usedwidelyinourcountry.(2)(天津高考)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．A．arebeingmadeB．willbemadeC．havebeenmadeD．hadbeenmade解析：选C。考查时态和语态。句意：在所有准备工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。在时间、条件状语从句中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的动作make要先于主句谓语动词的动作start之前发生，应用现在完成时表将来。故选C项。(3)(湖南高考)Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A．tryB．havebeentryingC．aretryingD．willtry解析：选B。考查动词的时态。句意：自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。根据前面的时间状语从句可知，try这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，故主句应用现在完成进行时。(4)(江苏高考)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A．coverB．willcoverC．havecoveredD．covered解析：选C。考查时态。根据两人的对话及句中的inavarietyofforms可知，媒体已经以多种形式对南京青年奥运会进行了报道，因此选择C。3．助动词do的用法用法例句构成一般疑问句DoyouwanttopasstheCET？do＋not构成否定句Idonotwanttobecriticized.构成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent­minded.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Doshutup！用于倒装句LittledidIknowaboutthecitywhenIwasyoung.代替实义动词以避免重复Sheworksharderthanhedoes.[名师点津](1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用：①只用于一般时；②只用于肯定句。(3)用于倒装句，应具备副词never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so等位于句首的条件。[即时演练4](1)说出助动词在下列各句中的作用①Theydon'tdotheirhomeworkathome.构成一般现在时的否定式②Doesshegetupearlyinthemorning?构成一般现在时的疑问式③WhendidhegraduatefromtheCambridge?构成一般过去时的疑问式④Doetomybirthdaypartyplease.放在动词原形前加强语气⑤Idon'tknowwherehelives;nordoIcare.用于倒装句(2)(江苏高考)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“________thatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue.”A．IdoubtedB．doIdoubtC．IhavedoubtedD．didIdoubt解析：选D。考查倒装和时态。句意：这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”表示否定意义的短语neverforasecond位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，根据句意可知男孩是在回忆父亲救他时的情景，因此用一般过去时态，答案为D。(3)(重庆高考)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,________you?A．mustn'tB．haven'tC．didn'tD．hadn't解析：选C。考查must在反意疑问句中的用法。musthavedone的反意疑问句中助动词既可以用have也可以用过去式，但是如果语境中出现了明确的过去时间状语则只能用过去式，本题中出现了lastsummer，因此只能选择C项。语法点四半助动词的用法半助动词指在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间，本身带有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有appearto,happento,turnoutto,wouldrather,beaboutto,beto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,beobligedto,besupposedto,bewillingto,have(got)to,hadbetter,seemto,beableto,getto,becertainto等。它们既能与主要动词构成复杂的动词词组，也可与基本助动词和情态助动词搭配充当“主要动词”。HowdidyougettoknowthatIwashere?Isheabletoarriveontime?Wewereabouttostartwhenitrained.Heseemstobeverydisappointed.Idon'thavetobuyanewhouse.Theyarecertaintowinthegame.[即时演练5]写出下列各句中半助动词的汉语意思①Youarenotsupposedtoparkyourcarhere.应该②Wehavetobecarefulwhendriving.必须③ThepresidentistospeakonTVtonight.要做，将做④Myfatherusedtowalktowork.过去常常⑤Heislikelytowinthegame.有可能语法点五will/shall,would/should的用法用法例句will/shall＋动词原形，构成一般将来时IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.would/should＋动词原形，构成过去将来时ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.[即时演练6](1)完成句子①他说他第二天来。Hesaidhewould_ethenextday.②明天她要领着孩子们逛动物园。Tomorrowshewill_take/show_her_childrenaroundthezoo.③我听说你要升职了。Iheardthatyouwould_get_a_promotion．(2)(北京高考)—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I________itforyou.A．checkB．checkedC．willcheckD．wouldcheck解析：选C。考查时态。句意：“几点了？”“我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。”由justaminute可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时，故选C项。(3)(山东高考)Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey________anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.A．boughtB．wouldbuyC．haveboughtD．hadbought解析：选B。考查时态。句意：他们下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买所新房子。根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去的；同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作还未发生，用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时的用法，所以主句应该用过去将来时，即wouldbuy。图表作文[技法指导]图表作文往往要求介绍某种情况或陈述某一观点，它一般至少包含描述图表所示内容和解释原因两个部分。其写作规律性较强，故有一定的模式可循。图表主要有两类：(1)表格式表格式(table)作文就是将统计数据或被说明的事物直接以统计表的形式呈现出来。(2)图形式①表示数据变化的曲线图(diagram)；②表示数据大小或数量之间差异的柱状图(barchart)、饼状图(piechart)；③表示整体结构差异的扇形图(fanchart)。其写作思路如下：(1)首段。不管是table还是chart，文章的第一段都需要对所示信息进行描述。描述时，认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设计者想通过图表来反映的信息、问题或现象。长度要适中。(2)中段。第二段主要是分析数据、解释原因并得出结论的段落。在掌握了全部信息的基础上，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点，从而得出合理的结论。(3)尾段。如果文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段写解决办法；如果讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段可写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来的发展方向。表达1．Asisshowninthegraph,peoplebuyfewershoesasthepriceofshoesgoesup.2．Itcanbeseenfromthechartthatwhattheboysliketodoistobeebusinessmenandscientists.3．Thelatestsurveysindicatethatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.4．Asforlawyers,moreboysexpecttohavethisjob.5．Moreboyswanttochooselawyersastheirprofession.6．Whenitestoprofession,moreboyswillchooselawyers.7．Inordertorealizethedream,Ihavebeentakinggreatefforts.8．IhavebeentakinggreateffortssothatIcanrealizethedream.9．Ihavebeentakinggreateffortsforthepurposeofrealizingthedream.10．Inconclusion,weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.11．Basedonthedescriptionabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthattoprotecttheenvironmentaroundusistosaveourselves.[写作规范][题目要求]假如你叫JimLee，最近你对所在班级的60名学生(男女各半)进行了关于上网目的的调查。请你用英语给某报社的编辑写一封信来反映此事，以引起舆论的关注。注意：1.根据图表中的信息，叙述男女生上网目的的异同；2．叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比；3．叙述过程中要适当添加评论。[三步作文法]第一步：搜索词汇1．网上冲浪surf_the_Internet2．与……通信correspond_with3．最喜欢的favourite/like_to_do_most4．做调查make_a_survey5．更为重要的是what's_more6．受某人支配at_one's_mand第二步：由词造句1．女孩们最喜欢聊天，而多数男孩不愿为之。①chatting.Boyschatting.Boyswould_rather_abandonit.②Whatgirlsliketodomostischatting,whileboyswould_rather_abandonit.2．男孩和女孩都喜欢读网上新闻或与他人联系。①Bothboysandgirlsliketoreadnews.Theyliketocorrespond_withothers.②Bothboysandgirlsliketoeitherreadnewsor_correspond_withothers.第三步：连句成篇Deareditor，Ihaverecentlymadeasurveyamong30boysand30girlsinmyclassabouttheirpurposesofsurfingtheInternet.Whatgirlsliketodomostischatting,whilemostboyswouldratherabandonit.Theyturntoplayinggamesandthat'salsogirls'favourite,whichshowstheirpetenceattheputer.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsliketoeitherreadnewsorcorrespondwithothersontheInternet.Theythinkit'sthemostconvenientwaytogetabundantinformationintheworldattheirmand.Asforstudying,thenumberofboysandgirlsisequal,butaltogetheronlyseveralofthemwillusetheInternetasatoolforstudying.Yours，JimLeeⅠ.单项填空1．—What________theweatherlikeinyourhometown?—It'shardtosay.Sometimesitisnice,butatothertimes,itisbad.A．wouldB．isC．doesD．will解析：选B。理解句意可知，题干中的like是介词，要和be动词连用才能构成疑问或否定句，意为“像……一样”，因此本题正确答案为B项，该句型用于询问天气情况。wouldlike意为“想要”；do...like意为“喜欢”；will...like意为“将喜欢”，都与句意不符。2．Don'ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumoreharmthangoodifyou________．A．doB．takeC．likeD．have解析：选A。考查动词。do代替前文中的谓语部分taketoomuchofthemedicine;take为及物动词“服药”，在句中应跟宾语。3．Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they________toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A．didn'tspeakB．hadn'tspokenC．haven'tspokenD．haven'tbeenspeaking解析：选B。考查动词时态的用法。因为hadn'tspoken表示的动作发生在becamefriendsagain之前，即“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时。4．________you________himaroundthemuseumyet?A．Have;shownB．Do;showC．Had;shownD．Are;showing解析：选A。考查时态。题干中有yet一词，表示询问“是否已经做了……”，故用现在完成时，助动词用have。5．Thepriceofhousesinourcountryhasreachedanunbelievablelevel,butsixyearsagonoonecouldhaveexpectedthatit________sosharply.A．roseB．hadrisenC．wasrisingD．wastorise解析：选D。本题考查时态。句意：我国的房价已经上升到了难以置信的水平，但六年前，没有人会预料到房价上升会如此剧烈。理解句意，显然rise动作发生在couldhaveexpected之后发生，所以应该用过去将来时。“be动词＋不定式”可以表示将来，故答案为D项。C项的过去进行时不能表示将要发生的动作。Ⅱ.句型转换1．HewillteachusEnglishnextterm.→WewillbetaughtEnglish(byhim)nextterm.2．Theteachersaidwemusthandinourhomeworkontime.→Theteachertoldus,“Dohandinyourhomeworkontime.”3．Hedidn'tdohishomeworkuntilhisfathercameback.→Notuntilhisfathercamebackdidhedohishomework.4．Weweregoingtoleavewhenthebellrang.→Wewereabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.5．Hehasn'tbeentoLondon,andhisparentshaven't,either.→Hehasn'tbeentoLondon,andneither/nor_havehisparents.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Sally'sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,has_she(是吗)?2．—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I_will_be_writing_a_report(我将在写报告)athome.3．If_nothing_is_done(如果什么都不做),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.4．Onlythendid_she_realize(她才意识到)howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.5．—Hadwebeenmorecareful,theaccidentmightnothavehappened.—Butwe_weren't_at_that_time(我们当时没有)．6．—Doyouregrethavingleftyourfirstjob?—WhyshouldI?Idon't_earn_as_much(挣钱没以前多),butIenjoymoreofit.7．—Marywon'tgototheconcerttonight.—Neither_will_Peter(彼得也不去)．8．Hetoldusthathewould_study_abroad(要出国学习)．[对应学生课下能力提升(十一)]Ⅰ.单项填空1．Ifitisfinetomorrow,we________afootballmatch.A．haveB．willhaveC．hasD．shallhas解析：选B。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句要用一般将来时。2．Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,________？A．couldheB．didn'tIC．didn'tyouD．couldthey解析：选B。考查do助动词构成反义疑问句。句意：我告诉他们并不是每个人都能跑得和你一样快，对吧？主句为肯定句，故反问部分用否定。3．Forsometimetheexpert________peopleofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.Hesayshewon'tstopuntilallthesmokersaroundhimdecidetoquitsmoking.A．iswarnedB．iswarningC．hasbeenwarningD．hasbeenwarned解析：选C。由时间状语可知，句子要用现在完成进行时，表示一直持续的动作或存在的状态。4．ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI________sinceIcametothisschool.A．attendedB．hadattendedC．amattendingD．haveattended解析：选D。句意：自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。since“自从……以来”，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。5．—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I________forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A．waswaitingB．hadwaitedC．amwaitingD．havewaited解析：选A。根据上文语境“当我去拜访你时你不在家”使用了一般过去时，可知，此处用过去进行时。6．________thepresentsituationcontinue,ourjobmightbeemoreandmoredifficult.A．WouldB．ShouldC．MightD．Could解析：选B。本题考查省略if条件句的用法。只有当条件句中有助动词had,were或should时，才可以省略if，并把助动词had，were或should提到主语的前面，本题符合条件，故选B项。7．Onlywhenhereachedthetea­house________itwasthesameplacehe'dbeeninlastyear.A．herealizedB．hedidrealizeC．realizedheD．didherealize解析：选D。only＋时间状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即“助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。8．Wheneverything________intoconsideration,yourprogressseemstobeverygood,sojustbeconfident.A．takesB．willbetakenC．hastakenD．istaken解析：选D。根据短语take...intoconsideration可知，everything应该是take动作的承受者，因此要用被动语态，由于时间状语从句中不用will构成将来时，故排除B项，正确答案为D项。9．Why________youacplishedyourtaskyet？You________tofinishthemlastmonth.A．haven't;weresupposedB．hadn't;aresupposedC．haven't;aresupposingD．hadn't;weresupposing解析：选A。根据句子语境和状语yet可知，第一个空应用haven't构成现在完成时，表示对现在产生的影响；besupposedto表示“应该，理应”，并含有责备之意味。由lastmonth可知，第二个空应用weresupposed。10．ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________．A．ismadeB．wouldmakeC．wastobemadeD．hadmade解析：选C。句意：澳洲金矿的发现使成千上万的人们相信他们将会发财。makeafortune意为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被动形式，因此排除B、D两项；题干中led提示时间为过去，故选C，wastobemade表示过去将来时。betodo意为“将会，将要，注定会发生”。Ⅱ.阅读理解Doesyourlocalhighschoolhaveastudentnewspaper?OnlyoneineightofNewYork'spublichighschoolshasstudentnewspapers—andmanyofthosearepublishedjustafewtimesayear.Afewmoreareonline,whichcanleaveoutpoorerschools.RebeccaDwarka,an18­year­oldseniorwhoworksforherstudentpapersaid,“Facebookisthenewwayoffindingoutwhathappened.Nobodywantstoactuallysitdownandreadawholearticleaboutit,whichmakesa‘wholearticle’soundalittlelikealongsentenceinlonelyplaces.”Iamnotnostalgic(怀旧的)abouthighschoolstudentnewspapersandneverworkedformine.Iputoutwhatwasthencalledapersonalmagazinewithagroupoffriendsbecausewewantedtowriteaboutpeace,war,rock’n’rollwithoutschoolofficialswarningusnottomakejokesaboutthelocalofficials.Hearingthatschoolnewspapersareindeclinebecausestudentsnow“findoutwhathappened”onsocialnetworkingwebsitesisalittlediscouragingbecauseitprovesthatformillionsofAmericans,journalismisbeingado­it­yourselfthing.Everycitizencanbeareporter.Whensomethinghappens,welookforsocialmediamessagesassoonastheyflash,too.FacebookpostsandTweetshavebeethemeansbywhichcitizensandreporterscanprove,deny,passonstoriesandexpressopinionswithoutthepresschallenging,researching,orslowingthemessage.Buttrulygoodjournalismisacraft,notjustablog(博客)post.Itrequiresnotonlyseeingsomethingcarefully,butalsoreportingitwithperspective.Itusesaneyefordetailtohelpprovealargerview.Andevenjournalismthatconveysanopinionstrives(力求)tobefair.Ifschoolnewspapersbegintodisappear,Ihopethereareotherwaysforstudentstolearnthat.语篇解读：随着社交网络成为新兴的传播新闻的手段，校办报纸的发展面临着窘境。1．WecaninferfromwhatRebeccasaidthat________．A．peopleliketositdowntoreadarticlesB．studentslikereadingdetailedarticlesC．schoolnewspapersarebeingunpopularD．Facebookisthequickestwayofspreadingnews解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“OnlyoneineightofNewYork'spublichighschoolshasstudentnewspapers—andmanyofthosearepublishedjustafewtimesayear.”和第三段中Rebecca说的话“Facebookisthenewwayoffindingoutwhathappened.Nobodywantstoactuallysitdownandreadawholearticleaboutit”可知，校报已经变得不受欢迎。2．Intheauthor'sopinion,socialmediamessages________．A．areusuallydiscouragingforreadersB．reflectthepowerofsmallvoicesC．makejournalismbeeacraftD．aren'tbasedoncarefulresearch解析：选D。细节理解题。结合倒数第二段的“FacebookpostsandTweetshavebeethemeans...withoutthepresschallenging,researching,orslowingthemessage.”可知，社交网站上的信息没有经过仔细的调查。3．Accordingtotheauthor,goodjournalismshould________．A．actasblogpostsinmoderntimesB．focusonsomethingindetailC．conveyamessagequicklyD．fairlyconveyanopinion解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Itusesaneyefordetailtohelpprovealargerview.Andevenjournalismthatconveysanopinionstrives(力求)tobefair.”可知，作者认为新闻业应该公平地传达某种观点。4．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Highschoolnewspapers—anendangeredspeciesB．SocialnetworkingbringsaboutnewjournalismC．EveryonecanbeeareporteratpresentD．Socialmediaornewspaper?解析：选A。标题归纳题。本文介绍了由于网络媒体逐渐成为人们获取新闻的主要来源，造成了校报几乎消失的境况，故选A。Ⅲ.任务型阅读AjudgeinLosAngeleshassentencedMichaelJackson'spersonalphysiciantofouryearsinprisonforthedeathofthepopsuperstar.LosAngelesSuperiorCourtJudgeMichaelPastorTuesdayhandedthesentencetoDr.ConradMurray,whowasjudgedearlierthismonthguiltyofinvoluntarymanslaughter(过失杀人)inJackson'sdeath.Murray，however,couldserveonlyhalfhissentenceduetoovercrowdinginCalifornia'sprisonsystem.Inissuingthesentence,thejudgedescribedMurrayasanirresponsiblephysicianw