2025年全国高考一卷英语真题（解析版）

第1页/共1页2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国一卷)英语学科本试卷满分150分,考试用时120分钟。本试卷共150分，共12页。考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.

答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2.

选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整，笔记清楚。3.

请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.

作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.

保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的

A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandonext?A.Unpackhissuitcase.B.Boardaflight.C.Filloutaform.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,IjustarrivedontheflightfromMelbourne,andmysuitcaseismissing.W:We’reverysorry,sir.Couldyouputdownyourinformationinthisform?We’lldoeverythingwecantofindyoursuitcase.M:Okay.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesSarahplantodoaftergraduation?A.Dovolunteerwork.B.Pursueahigherdegree.C.Runthefamilybusiness.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Haveyoutalkedoveryourfutureplanwithyourparents,Sarah?W:Well,myparentswouldlikemetodomymaster’saftergraduation.ButI’mthinkingofvolunteeringasasocialworkerforayear.M:Goodforyou.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buyingacar.B.Movinghouse.C.Fixingthewindow.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Wereallyneedtomove,Steve.Somanycarsgobyeverydayandnosuncomesthroughthewindows.M:Yeah,thishouseiskindofold.Whatdoyouhaveinmind?W:Maybeweshouldhavealookinthesuburbs.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheskiarea?A.It’sabitcrowded.B.Ithaspoorsnow.C.It’stoofaraway.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Doyouoftenskihere?W:No,thisismyfirsttime.M:Sohowdoyoulikeitsofar?W:Thesnowisbrilliant.Itwouldbebetteriftherewerefewerpeople.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersheading?A.TheArtCentre.B.TheGrandTheatre.C.TheStoneBridge.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Nowwe’vecrossedthestonebridge,turnrightagain.Look!Here’stheArtCenter.TheGrandTheatreistwoblocksaway.M:Nearlythere.Wewon’tbelatethen.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdidthewomando?A.Shewentoverthespeedlimit.B.Sheparkedinaschoolzone.C.Shedrovethrougharedlight.7.WhattimedoesschoolfinishonWednesdays?A.At2:00pm. B.At2:30pm. C.At3:30pm.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】M:Miss,I’llneedtoseeyourdriver’slicense.W:WasIdoingsomethingwrong?M:You’redrivinginaschoolzonearoundthetimeschoolletsout.Thespeedlimitis15milesanhour,andyouweregoing35.W:Butit’sonly2:10pm.Thestudentsaren’tdismisseduntil3:30.M:TodayisWednesday.StudentsaredismissedanhourandahalfearlieronWednesdays.W:Oh,no,you’reright.Ijustforgotthat.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutnewsprograms?A.Theyarereplacedbydocumentaries.B.Theyhavebeenreducedinnumber.C.Theyfocusonthelifeofcelebrities.9.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardrealityshows?A.Favorable. B.Critical. C.Uncertain.10.WhatdoesthewomanexpectTVprogramstobe?A.Educational. B.Diverse. C.Entertaining.【答案】8.B9.A10.A【解析】【原文】W:There’snothingdecenttowatchthesedaysonTV.M:Nothingdecent?There’stonsofstuff.W:They’vecutdownonthenumberofnewsprograms,andthenumberofdocumentaries.Allhavebeenreplacedbythesestupidrealityshowsandgameshows,youknow.M:Well,theyoftenmakemelaugh.Peoplewanttowatchthatkindofthing.It’sgood,youknow.Aslongasthere’sabalance,there’sabitofthis,abitofthat.W:Shouldwebegivingpeoplewhattheywanttowatch?Orshouldwebe,youknow,tryingtoeducatethem?M:Well,TVisthereforentertainment.Ifyouwantaneducation,yougotouniversityorcollegeorsomething,don’tyou?W:No.Ireallydon’tthinkso.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhoisCathy?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Aradiohost. C.Agovernmentofficial.12.Whatcanthevisitingadultsdointheschool?A.Givespeeches. B.Observeclasses. C.Organizeactivities.13.Howcanthestudentsbenefitfromtheschoolprogram?A.Earnextracredits B.Findjobopportunities. C.Learnaboutadult’slife.14.Whatisthegoaloftheschoolprogram?A.Toimprovestudent-teacherrelationship.B.Topromotetheideaofwork-lifebalance.C.Toenhanceschool-communityinteraction.【答案】11.B12.B13.C14.C【解析】【原文】W:WelcometoEducationUpdate.ThisisKathy.WehaveRobertHallfromMountainsideHighSchoolwithustoday.Hello,Mr.Hall.Couldyoutellusabouttheserviceprograminyourschool?M:Okay.Itgoeslikethis.Oncertaindayseachmonth,adultsfromtheneighborhoodsitinclasswiththestudentsandseewhat’sgoingonintheschool.W:That’sinteresting.Whatelsecantheydo?M:Theycanalsotakeadultcoursesintheeveningsforbothfunandseriouslearning.W:Whataboutthestudents?Whatcantheydointheprogram?M:Well,theycanchangeplaceswithadultsandgoworkingonafarmorinafactoryortakingcareofthehousework.W:Good.Thishelpsthembetterunderstandthelivesoftheirparentsandknowmoreabouttheirneighborhood.M:Yes.Studentshaveachancetoworkinhospitals,nursinghomes,libraries,andeveningovernmentoffices.W:Sotheschoolisnotonlypartofthestudent’slives,butalsopartoftheneighborhood.M:That’sexactlywhatourserviceprogramisfor.W:Great.Thankyou,Mr.Hall.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】15.Whereisthespeaker’scitylocated?A.Bythelake. B.Onthecoast. C.IntheValley.16.Whatdothenumbersonthesignsstandfor?A.Thedurationofflooding. B.Theriseinairtemperature. C.Theheightabovesealevel.17.Whatdoesthesuccessoftheprojectindicate?A.Artcanmakeadifference.B.Thehomeownersarecreative.C.Climatechangeiscontrollable.【答案】15.B16.C17.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodevening.Tonight,I’llcontinuetosharehowwecanusearttospreadthewordaboutthechangingclimate.Inourday-to-daylives,climatechangecanbehardtosee,butsomeplaceswillfeelthechangessoonerthanothers.ThecityIliveinisveryflatandclosetothewaterline.Andrisingsealevelsarealreadycreatingfloods.SoIdecidedtodosomethingtomakeitimpossibletoignore.IstartedanartprojectcalledUnderwaterHomeownersAssociationandpaintednumbersontothousandsoflargesigns.Eachnumbershowedhowhighsomeone’shousewasabovesealevel.Aonewouldmeanthatifthesealevelroseonefoot,thebuildingwouldflood.Igavethesignstohomeownerswhoputthemintheiryards.Kidspaintedmoresignsandputthemneartheirschoolsandalongbusyroads.Theprojecthasalreadyhadareal-worldeffect.Thepeoplewhoputthesignsintheiryardscreatedarealhomeownersassociationtoaddressclimatechangeintheircommunities.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.PLANES—SynthetichydrocarbonsThehardestsectortodecarbonizeisaviation.Onelong-termoptionforsustainablefuelforplanesistomakehydrocarbonsfromrecycledair.CARS—BatteriesBatteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.TRAINS—ElectricitySometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.TRUCKS—HydrogenfuelcellsHydrogenfuelcellsarealighterchoicethanbatteriesfortrucks,butmakinggreenhydrogenisexpensive.SHIPS—LiquidammoniaLiquidammoniaiseasytokeepandtransport,butitishardtoignite(点燃)andrequiresanengineredesign.Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.18.Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%.19.Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships.20.WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A.Limitingfuelconsumption. B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency. D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息ROADVEHICLES部分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%(道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD(GOODS)29.4%(道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergyanditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.(Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。BInmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.21.Whoarethepeoplementionedatthebeginningofparagraph1?A.Ninthgraders. B.Students’parents.C.Modernwriters. D.Fictionalcharacters.22.Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime. B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing.24.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning. B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Inmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.(去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。【23题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.(学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。24题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.(我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teachingislearning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。CWhilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.25.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.26.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?【答案】25.C26.A27.B28.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.(虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mostfamously,

aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sleda

campaigntostopthedestructionofher

localpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)to

champion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”(最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，JaneJacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.

Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.

(尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。【28题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?(我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“WhytheRush?

(为何匆匆？)”质问“rushthrough

(匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。DMicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龙头):boilingandfiltering(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”29.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.30.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.31.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.32.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【答案】29.C30.A31.B32.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydiffcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.(尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”(苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AnUnsungHeroNeedabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore._____33_____CatherineMurphy,acafeworkerinagreenshirtandblackhat,makessurethateachcustomergetsexactlywhattheyorder.Shegoesbackandforthbetweenmachinestomakethedrinks._____34_____Asthecustomergrabsthedrinkfromherhand,shesmilesandsays,“Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhenthelineisgettinglonger,shedoesn’tletitgetinthewayofhergenuineconversations.Murphygetsupataquartertofiveanddrivesthirtyminuteseverydaytogettoworkontime._____35_____“IdosobecauseIliketomakecoffeeforthestudents.Iknowtheyneeditinthemorning,”Murphysaid.Beingamotherandwifehashelpedherbecomethewomansheis.Shebelievessheisheretoserve.OnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious(有感染力)andcanbethedifferenceinastudenthavingamuchbetterdaythantheywerehavingbeforeseeingher.JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek._____36_____“Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,”Wrightsaid.“Ienjoyworkinginthecafe,”Murphysaid._____37_____Shehaseveryintentionofstayingandcontinuingdoingwhatsheloves.A.Thecafeclosesat9pmeveryday.B.Shehastwochildrenagedeightandfour.CSometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.D.Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.E.Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.F.Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.G.Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan’timagineworkinganywhereelse.【答案】33.E34.D35.C36.F37.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。【33题详解】根据上文“Needabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore.(课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Notonly...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。【34题详解】根据上文“Shegoesbackandforthbetweenmachinestomakethedrinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“Asthecustomergrabsthedrinkfromherhand,shesmilesandsays,“Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhenthelineisgettinglonger,shedoesn’tletitgetinthewayofhergenuineconversations.(当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.(完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishinganorder”衔接“makethedrinks”，“callsoutthename”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。【35题详解】根据上文“Murphygetsupataquartertofiveanddrivesthirtyminuteseverydaytogettoworkontime.(墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“Idosobecause