【MOOC答案】《学术英语阅读》(北京理工大学)章节作业慕课答案

【答案】《学术英语阅读》(北京理工大学)章节作业慕课答案

有些题目顺序不一致，下载后按键盘ctrl+F进行搜索1.IntroducingAcademicEnglishIntroducingAcademicEnglishHomework1.GenderisaCulturallyPrescribedRole,ratherthanaBiologicalSex(Introduction)Thedebates1.________thenotionsof“sex”and“gender”havebeengoingonovertheyears.Therecentpointofviewisthatgenderroles2.____________universalforeveryone,whereassomeindividuals3.____________themasfundamentalandbuildtheirlivesaccordingtotherulesandstandardsthatsocietyprescribes.Thehistoricalbackgroundofgenderdevelopmenttheories4.________thatthemajoronesdiscussedgenderrolesfromsocial,cultural,biological,anthropological,andpsychological5.__________.Thebiologicaltheorywasaleadingone,whichinfluencedmanyresearches6._______thedevelopmentofgenderroles.7._________,thefindingsofthepreviousstudieshaverevealedthatgenderrolesareonlytheresultsofsocialandculturalinfluences,ratherthanbeingabiologicalsex.Thesepreparedthegroundformodern8._________betweentheconceptsof“gender”and“sex”.9._______willtrytodiscusstheconceptofgenderfromdifferentperspectivesinthefollowingpaper.Throughanalysis.Itisfoundthatthetwowordsareusedindifferent10.________andrepresentdifferentconnotations.1.A.concerningB.aboutC.intermsofD.on2.A.aren’tB.arenotB.isn’tD.isnot3.A.lookatB.considerC.lookonD.approach4.A.revealsB.disclosesC.provesD.implies5.A.approachesB.perspectivesC.sidesD.levels6.A.embodyingB.disregardingC.coveringDoverlapping7.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.FurthermoreD.Tosumup8.A.comparisonB.differentiationC.analysisD.explanation9.A.theauthorB.thepaperC.ID.we10.A.fieldsB.areasC.scopesDregisters

答案：【每空1分，共10分，错一空扣1分答案：ABBABCBBAD】IntroducingAcademicEnglishQuiz1.单选题：Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtoacademictexts?

选项：

A、Diary

B、Thesis

C、Report

D、Review

答案：【Diary】2.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisnottheusageforacademicEnglish?

选项：

A、Attendinginternationalconference

B、Writingacademicpapers

C、Participatingininternationaldialogues

D、Creatingnovels

答案：【Creatingnovels】3.单选题：Whichofthefollowingshouldnotbeincludedintheconclusionpartofadademicwriting?

选项：

A、Restatingthethesisstatement

B、Summarizingthemainpoints

C、Givingsomefinalrecommendations

D、Reviewingliterature

答案：【Reviewingliterature】4.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisnottheskillmentionedinthelectureforreadingacademictexts?

选项：

A、Skimming

B、Scaning

C、Summarizing

D、Surveying

E、大意概括的方法不能算作阅读技巧

答案：【Summarizing】5.单选题：Whenatextexpressestheauthor'sopinion,andtriestoarguefororagainstsomething,mostprobably,whatkindoftextisit?

选项：

A、Descriptive

B、Argumentative

C、Analytical

D、Critical

E、表达观点的文本一般为论辩性的，所以选B。

答案：【Argumentative】6.单选题：Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotthesignpostingword?

选项：

A、Furthermore

B、Moreover

C、Appropriately

D、Mainly

E、路标语一般起到连接作用，表示某种逻辑关系，C是大约的意思，表示程度副词，没有逻辑关系。

答案：【Appropriately】7.单选题：Whichofthefollowingyoushouldavoidtoimproveyouracademicwritingstyle?

选项：

A、Followthesamekindofsentencestructure

B、Beclearandconcise

C、beobjectiveandcritical

D、beaccurateandconcise

E、使用同样的句型会导致行文枯燥

答案：【Followthesamekindofsentencestructure】8.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisnotthefeatureofacademicEnglish?

选项：

A、Formal

B、Impersonal

C、Objective

D、Emotional

答案：【Emotional】9.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisnotthepartintheimradstructurementionedinthevideo?

选项：

A、Introduction

B、Conclusion

C、Summary

D、Abstract

答案：【Summary】10.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisnotthecharacteristicsofacademicEnglishmentionedinthevideo?

选项：

A、Complexity

B、Objectivity

C、Hedging

D、Informality

答案：【Informality】2.UnderstandingObjectivityUnderstandingObjectivityHomework1.Basedonthetechniquewehavelearnedinthevideo,pleasereadthefollowingsentencesandpointoutonepartwhichdoesnotcorrespondtothecharacteristicsofacademicEnglish.1.（A）Wecandemonstratethatclimatechangeisaglobaltrend,（B）impactinghealth(C)inamyriadofways.Climatechangereferstolong-termshiftsintemperaturesandweatherpatterns.Theseshiftsmaybenatural,suchas(D)throughvariationsinthesolarcycle,mostlycausedbygreenhousegasesandothercomplexfactors.2.（A）Ifeelthatchildhoodobesityisunhealthy,andchildren’seatinghabitsarenotright.Childhoodobesitycontinuestobeaserioushealth(B)issueintheUnitedStatesandworldwide.Amaincauseofchildhoodobesityisthebehaviorchildren(C)pickupfromtheirparentsand(D)caregivers.3.Manychildrenexperiencedepressionwhentheygotoschoolforthefirsttime.It’snaturalforchildren,likeadults,to(A)gothroughemotionalupsanddowns.Forsomechildren,(B)feeling“blue”foranextendedperiodcanbeasignofdepression,(C)sosuchchildrenneedsomehelp.Ifyourchild’smentalhealth(D)interfereswithsocialactivities,interests,schoolworkorfamilylife,thenit'stimetogethelp.4.Openyoureyesinseawaterand(A)itisdifficulttoseemuchmorethanamurky,blearygreencolour.Sounds,too,are(B)garbledanddifficulttocomprehend.Thisisreally(C)annoying,right?(D)Withoutspecializedequipmenthumanswouldbelostinthesedeepseahabitats,sohowdofishmakeitseemsoeasy?5.Stresscan(A)bedefinedasthewayyoufeelwhenyou’reunderabnormalpressure.(B)Whatisthesourceofourstress?(C)Allsortsofsituationscancausestress.Themostcommon,(D)however,involvework,moneymattersandrelationshipswithpartners,childrenorotherfamilymembers.

每句2分，合计10分。正确答案为：1.A2.A3.A4.C5.BUnderstandingObjectivityQuiz1.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonforusingcounterargumentinacademicwriting?

选项：

A、Itmakesyourpointmoreconvincing.

B、Ithelpsyouavoidone-sidedviewandmakesyoumulti-sided.

C、Itmakesyourargumentmorelogical.

D、Itrefutesandweakensyouroriginalviewpoint.

答案：【Itrefutesandweakensyouroriginalviewpoint.】2.单选题：WhatkindofvocabularyshouldbeusedinacademicEnglish?

选项：

A、Informal

B、Vague

C、Exaggerated

D、Accurate

答案：【Accurate】3.单选题：Writingacademicpapersrequiresdeliberate,thoroughandcarefulthought.Therefore,whatshouldonedotoachieveawell-craftedacademicessay?

选项：

A、Onemustdependonhis/herownopinionsalone.

B、OnemustnotconsulttheInternetforunsuresources.

C、OnemustdependhighlyontheInternetforeasyinformationaccess.

D、Onemustconductaresearchonthetopicathand.

答案：【Onemustconductaresearchonthetopicathand.】4.单选题：Whichofthefollowingadverbscan'texpresshedging?

选项：

A、Probably

B、Surely

C、Possibly

D、Perhaps

答案：【Surely】5.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisthewayofdefiningplagiarism?

选项：

A、Itisanacademicrule.

B、Itisanacademicoffence.

C、Itisanacademicwebsite.

D、Itisalegalwaytouseresources.

答案：【Itisanacademicoffence.】6.单选题：Academicwritinghastobe____________.

选项：

A、formalandunbiased

B、informalandbiased

C、fullofinformation

D、unfocused,withoutstructure

答案：【formalandunbiased】7.单选题：Whchofthefollowingisnotthepurposeofcitingyoursources?

选项：

A、A.Avoidingplagiarism.

B、Increasingobjectivity.

C、Increasingyourcredibility.

D、Increasingyourreadibility.

答案：【Increasingyourreadibility.】8.单选题：Accordingtothevideo,whichofthefollowingisnotthewaymentionedtoachieveobjectivity?

选项：

A、Usingnominalizationstructure.

B、Avoidingovergeneralization.

C、Usingformalexpression.

D、Usingmoreconnectivewords.

答案：【Usingmoreconnectivewords.】9.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisthestatementofovergeneralization?

选项：

A、Peoplewhocommitcrimescomefromtroubledbackgrounds.

B、Therearestillspeciesintheworldwehaveneverknown.

C、Children'suseofsocialmediaisadebatedissue.

D、Globalwarmingismostlycausedbygreenhouseeffect.

答案：【Peoplewhocommitcrimescomefromtroubledbackgrounds.】10.单选题：Accordingtothevideo,whichofthefollowingexpressionsshouldweavoidinordertobemoreobjective?

选项：

A、Accordingtomyunderstanding

B、Fromexaminingthefindings

C、Inlightoftheevidence

D、Basedonthepreviousresearch

答案：【Accordingtomyunderstanding】3.ExploringSummaryWritingExploringSummaryWritingQuiz1.多选题：Anintroductorysentenceusuallycontains_____________.

选项：

A、theargument

B、thetitleofthearticle

C、theyearthearticlewaswritten

D、areportingverb

答案：【theargument;thetitleofthearticle;theyearthearticlewaswritten;areportingverb】2.多选题：Whydoweneedtosummarizeafterreading?

选项：

A、Summarizingisagreatwaytoexamineyourreadings.

B、Summarizinghelpsyouanalyzethematerial.

C、Summarizingpreviousstudiesofferanoverviewofaresearchtopic.

D、Summarizinghelpsyourememberwhatyou’veread.

答案：【Summarizingisagreatwaytoexamineyourreadings.;Summarizingpreviousstudiesofferanoverviewofaresearchtopic.;Summarizinghelpsyourememberwhatyou’veread.】3.多选题：Whatarethequalitiesofagoodsummary?

选项：

A、Agoodsummarymustbeconcise.

B、Agoodsummarymustbecoherent.

C、Agoodsummarymustbeindependent.

D、Agoodsummarymustbecritical.

答案：【Agoodsummarymustbeconcise.;Agoodsummarymustbecoherent.;Agoodsummarymustbeindependent.】4.单选题：Thegoalofsummarizingistogiveyourreaderaclearunderstandingofthesource.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】5.单选题：Onlyresearcharticalscanbesummarized.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】6.单选题：Writingasummaryofanarticleistoquotetheauthor'sopinionandcriticizeit.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】7.单选题：Summarizingmeansgivingaconciseoverviewofatext’smainpointsinyourownwords.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】8.单选题：Asummaryofaparagraphusuallyconcernswiththemainideaoftheparagraphandliesinnomorethan10sentences.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】9.单选题：Listingwordsandnumbercluesalsohelplocatethemainidea.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】10.单选题：Locatingthethesisortopicsentenceinapassageisnotaefficientwaytofindthemainidea.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】ExploringSummaryWritingHomework1.Readtheparagraphandchoosethemostappropriatesummary.1.Thestartingpointforourdiscussionisthecommonviewexpressedinthesaying“Necessityisthemotherofinvention.”Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed:sometechnologyiswidelyrecognizedtobeunsatisfactoryorlimiting.Would-beinventors,motivatedbytheprospectofmoneyorfame,perceivetheneedandtrytomeetit.Someinventorfinallycomesupwithasolutionsuperiortotheexisting,unsatisfactorytechnology.Societyadoptsthesolutionifitiscompatiblewiththesociety’svaluesandothertechnologies.A.TheauthorclaimsthattheU.S.inventionofanatomicbomb.B.TheauthorarguesthatEliWhitney'sinventionofthecottonginC.TheauthorarguesthatJamesWatt'sinventionofhissteamengineD.Theauthorpointsoutthatthereisacommonsaying：necessityisthemotherofinvention.2.Inreality,evenforthemostfamousandapparentlydecisivemoderninventions,neglectedprecursorslurkedbehindthebaldclaim“XinventedY.”Forinstance,weareregularlytold,“JamesWattinventedthesteamenginein1769,”supposedlyinspiredbywatchingsteamrisefromateakettle’sspout.Unfortunatelyforthissplendidfiction,WattactuallygottheideaforhisparticularsteamenginewhilerepairingamodelofThomasNewcomen’ssteamengine,whichNewcomenhadinvented57yearsearlierandofwhichoverahundredhadbeenmanufacturedinEnglandbythetimeofWatt’srepairwork.Newcomen’sengine,inturn,followedthesteamenginethattheEnglishmanThomasSaverypatentedin1698,whichfollowedthesteamenginethattheFrenchmanDenisPapindesigned(butdidnotbuild)around1680,whichinturnhadprecursorsintheideasoftheDutchscientistChristiaanHuygensandothers.AllthisisnottodenythatWattgreatlyimprovedNewcomen’sengine,justasNewcomenhadgreatlyimprovedSavery’s.A.ThewriterarguesthatWattgreatlyimprovedNewcomen’sengine,justasNewcomenhadgreatlyimprovedSavery’s.B.Thewriterarguesthatevenforthemostfamousandapparentlydecisivemoderninventions,neglectedprecursorslurkedbehindthebaldclaim“XinventedY.”C.ThewriterarguesthatWattactuallygottheideaforhisparticularsteamenginewhilerepairingamodelofThomasNewcomen’ssteamengine.D.ThewriterpointsoutthatThomasSaverypatentedthesteamenginein1698.

每个选项2分，合计4分。正确答案：1.D2.B4.ImprovingReadingEfficiencyImprovingReadingEfficiencyQuiz1.单选题：Choosethetopicsentenceofthefollowingparagraph.Ibecameafieldbiologistoutofloveforanimalsandapreferenceforaquietlifeinthewilderness.TheanimalsIhaveobserved,suchastiger,mountaingorilla,andgiantpanda,notonlysatisfiedasenseofwonderbytheirbeautyandelegance,butalsotheyenabledmetobecomeanexplorerbothintheintellectualandphysicalrealms.AtfirstIstudiedanimalsoutofcuriosityandforpleasure.Butnotingwithdismaythedestructionofourwildlife,Inowstriveforanidealbeyondscience:Ihelpfightforthefutureofallspecies.

选项：

A、TheanimalsIhaveobserved,suchastiger,mountaingorilla,andgiantpanda,notonlysatisfiedasenseofwonderbytheirbeautyandelegance,butalsotheyenabledmetobecomeanexplorerbothintheintellectualandphysicalrealms.

B、Butnotingwithdismaythedestructionofourwildlife,Inowstriveforanidealbeyondscience:Ihelpfightforthefutureofallspecies.

C、Ibecameafieldbiologistoutofloveforanimalsandapreferenceforaquietlifeinthewilderness.

D、AtfirstIstudiedanimalsoutofcuriosityandforpleasure.

答案：【Ibecameafieldbiologistoutofloveforanimalsandapreferenceforaquietlifeinthewilderness.】2.单选题：Choosethetopicsentenceofthefollowingparagraph.Peopledoiteveryday.Theylogontotheirfavoritewebsiteandbrowseforhours,checkingoutbargains.Theydumpeverypossiblewishintotheirshoppingcarts,knowingtheycancasteachoneasidebeforetheyfinalizetheirpurchases.Ontheway,theymayenterasweepstakesinthehopesofwinningatriptoCaboSanLucas,ormaybeevenanewSUV.Andthen,whentheyhavedecidedontheirpurchases,theyenterprivateinformationwithoutgivingitathought.Withakeystroke,theyreleasetheirpersonaldataintowhatmayormaynotbeasecurezone.Despitewhatmuchofthepublicbelieves,internetshoppingisnotsafe.

选项：

A、Peopledoiteveryday.

B、Theylogontotheirfavoritewebsiteandbrowseforhours,checkingoutbargains

C、Withakeystroke,theyreleasetheirpersonaldataintowhatmayormaynotbeasecurezone.

D、Despitewhatmuchofthepublicbelieves,internetshoppingisnotsafe.

答案：【Despitewhatmuchofthepublicbelieves,internetshoppingisnotsafe.】3.单选题：Choosethetopicsentenceofthefollowingparagraph.ThetropicsarehometothevastmajorityofallthespeciesonEarth,perhaps7or8millionofthem,livingincomplexcommunities.Mostofthesespecieshaveneverbeennamed,andothersneverevendiscovered.Therapiddestructionofhabitatsinthetropics—fromrainforeststocoralreefs—asaresultofhumanactivitiesisdriving.

选项：

A、Therapiddestructionofhabitatsinthetropics—fromrainforeststocoralreefs—asaresultofhumanactivitiesisdrivinglargenumbersofspeciestoextinction.

B、ThetropicsarehometothevastmajorityofallthespeciesonEarth,perhaps7or8millionofthem,livingincomplexcommunities.

C、Mostofthesespecieshaveneverbeennamed,andothersneverevendiscovered.

D、Asidefromethicalconcernsovereradicatingirreplaceableformsoflife,aswedriveunknownorganismstoextinction,welosepotentialsourcesofmedicine,food,andrawmaterialsforindustry.

答案：【Therapiddestructionofhabitatsinthetropics—fromrainforeststocoralreefs—asaresultofhumanactivitiesisdrivinglargenumbersofspeciestoextinction.】4.单选题：Choosethetopicsentenceofthefollowingparagraph.Manykindsofdishonestyinscienceinvolvetheproductionandanalysisofdata.Fabricationoccurswhenscientistsmakeupdata;falsificationoccurswhenscientistsalterdataorresults.IntheBaltimoreaffair,Imanishi-Kari,AssociateprofessorofPathologyatTuftsUniversity,wasaccusedoffabricatingorfalsifyingdatainherresearchteam’sexperimentsonmice.Misrepresentationoccurswhenscientistsdonottruthfullyorobjectivelyreportdataorresults.Themostcommonformsofmisrepresentationareknownastrimmingandfudging.Trimmingoccurswhenscientistsfailtoreportresultsthatdonotsupporttheirhypotheses.Fudgingoccurswhenscientiststrytomakeresultsappeartobebetterthantheyreallyare.Scientists“cook”thedatawhentheydesigntestsorexperimentsinordertoobtainresultsthatwillbepositiveorwhentheyavoidconductingteststhatarelikelytoyieldnegativeresults.

选项：

A、Fabricationoccurswhenscientistsmakeupdata;falsificationoccurswhenscientistsalterdataorresults.

B、Manykindsofdishonestyinscienceinvolvetheproductionandanalysisofdata.

C、Misrepresentationoccurswhenscientistsdonottruthfullyorobjectivelyreportdataorresults.

D、Scientists“cook”thedatawhentheydesigntestsorexperimentsinordertoobtainresultsthatwillbepositiveorwhentheyavoidconductingteststhatarelikelytoyieldnegativeresults.

答案：【Manykindsofdishonestyinscienceinvolvetheproductionandanalysisofdata.】5.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.Readingtheassignedchaptersinyourphysicstextbookforthecomingmidtermexam.

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.】6.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.ReadinganexcerptfromahistoricalnovelsetintheSecondWorldWarperiodforyourChinesehistoryclass.

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.】7.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.ReadinganewspaperarticleonarecentincidentintheMiddleEastforyourpoliticalscienceclass.

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.】8.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.ReadinganencyclopediaentryonAItonarrowdownatermpaperassignmenttoamanageabletopic.

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.】9.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.ReadingacriticalessaythatanalyzesaShakespeareansonnetyouarestudyinginaliteratureclass.

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.】10.单选题：Forthefollowingsituation,definethepurposeandindicatethelevelofcomprehension.Readingtheend-of-chapterdiscussionquestionsinabusinessmarketingtextaspartofyourchapterpreview

选项：

A、Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.

B、Purpose:Entertainmentenjoyment,generalinformationComprehensionlevel:Moderate,60–80%.

C、Purpose:Highcomprehensionrecallforexams,writingresearchreports,followingdirectionsComprehensionlevel:High,80–100%.

D、Purpose:Analysis,criticism,evaluationComprehensionlevel:Complete,100%.

答案：【Purpose:Overviewofmaterial,locationofspecificfacts,reviewofpreviouslyreadmaterialComprehensionlevel:Selective,below60%.】ImprovingReadingEfficiencyHomework1.Putthefollowingintotheappropriateorderandmakeitintoacoherentparagraph.A.Luckilyittooklessthantwoyearsformetorealizethatthenaturalworldwasfarmoreinterestingtome.AlthoughIwasolderthanmyclassmatesandhadtoworkmywaythroughcollege(showingupforcalculusclassesinmywaitressuniformfromtimetotime)itwastherightpathforme,becausescienceisexciting!Regardlessofhowwellweunderstandaphenomenon,wearealwaysencounteringsurprisingandunexpectedaspectsthatwe,andoftennobody,hadthoughtof.B.WhenIwaslittle,Iwasfascinatedbynaturalphenomenatoanextentthatprobablyworriedmyparents(infact,Iknowitdid)!Iplayedwithwaterandlight,dirtandbugs,forhours,andeagerlytookapartalmosteverymachineanddevice.C.ItwasnotuntilwellintomyfacultycareerthatIencounteredtheimpactofworkingonproblemsthattrulyaffectindividualsandsociety,thefundamentalmotivatingforceofengineering.Thisshapedmeirreversibly,andalthoughIworklargelyonscientificproblems,thegoalofhelpingothersthroughmyresearchdiscoverieshasbecomeacriticallyimportantaspectofwhatIdo.D.AsIgrewolder,Idecidedtomajorinmusicincollege,mostlybecauseinhighschoolitwasmadecleartomethatgirlswerenotwelcomeinadvancedscienceandmathematicsclasses.

正确答案：BDAC全部选对得满分4分，只有一个字母位置或顺序错误，如DACB，得3分，两个字母位置或顺序错误，如BDCA或DABC，得2分，三个字母位置或顺序错误，如BADC，得1分，其他情况不得分。5.UnderstandingEssayStructureandCommunicativePurposeUnderstandingEssayStructureandCommunicativePurposeQuiz1.单选题：Thecommunicativepurposeisthe__________ofthewritertowriteanessay.

选项：

A、purpose

B、particularreason

C、topic

D、intention

答案：【particularreason】2.单选题：Ifanintroductionbeginswithasentenceortwopresentingapointofviewthatistheoppositeofwhatthewriterwantstosay.Thistypeofhookiscalled_________.

选项：

A、usingarelevantquotation

B、employingthefunnelmethod

C、posinganinterestingorcontroversialquestionorquestions

D、turninganargument“onitshead”

答案：【turninganargument“onitshead”】3.单选题：Ifanintroductionbeginswithgeneralideasaboutthetopic.Theseideasgraduallybecomemoreandmorefocuseduntiltheyreachtheirmostspecificandfocusedpoint.Thistypeofhookiscalled____________.

选项：

A、usingarelevantquotation

B、employingthefunnelmethod

C、posinganinterestingorcontroversialquestionorquestions

D、turninganargument“onitshead”

答案：【employingthefunnelmethod】4.单选题：Thethesisstatementincludes___________.

选项：

A、thetopicandthecommunicativepurpose

B、thetopicandthetypesofwriting

C、thetopicandacontrollingidea

D、thehookandacontrollingidea

答案：【thetopicandacontrollingidea】5.单选题：Usuallyaparagraphincludes__________.

选项：

A、atopicsentence,thebody,andaconcludingsentence

B、athesisstatement,thebody,andaconcludingsentence

C、acommunicativepurpose,thebody,andaconcludingsentence

D、atopicsentence,theintroduction,andaconcludingsentence

答案：【atopicsentence,thebody,andaconcludingsentence】6.单选题：Thethesisstatementandthecommunicativepurposerefertothesamething.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】7.单选题：Thethesisstatement“Idecidedtopursueascientificcareerforseveralreasons”isanindirectthesisstatement.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】8.单选题：Thethesisstatementisoftenthefirstsentenceofanessay.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】9.单选题：Thetopicsentenceisoftenthefirstsentenceofaparagraph.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】10.单选题：Aparagraphalwayshasatopicsentence.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】UnderstandingEssayStructureandCommunicativePurposeHomework1.Readthefollowingparagraphandanswerquestions.JobSkillsOnewayinwhichcareercounselorsclassifyjobsisaccordingtothebroadly-definedcategoriesoftheskillsthatthejobsrequire.Counselorsliketotrytomatchthesecategorieswithareasofstrengthforthosewhoseekthejob.Counselorstodayconsiderthreemajorskillcategories:interpersonalskills,mentalskills,andphysicalskills.Interpersonalskillshelpusestablishandmaintainpersonalrelationships.Weputthemtousewhenwecommunicatewithothers,eitherinpersonorbyothermeans.Mentalskillsaretheskillsofthemind.Weusetheseskillswhenweprocessinformation,comeupwithandthinkthroughideas,andplanhowtotransformideasintoactions.Werelyonourphysicalskillswhenweuseourhandsorbodies.Thesearetheskillsthatweneedwhenweengageinthevarietyofphysical