Unit 4 Section II 同步测试解析版

Book1Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionIIReadingandThinking同步测试(解析版)【大单元教学】2023-2024学年高一英语同步备课系列（人教版2019必修第一册）一、完形填空A57-year-oldTongamansurvivedanightintheoceanafteratsunami(海啸)waveswepthimouttosealastSaturday.LisalaFolauwaspaintinghishouselastSaturday,1hisbrothertoldhimatsunamiwasmovingtowardthesmallislandofAtata.Theislandhasapopulationofabout60.Folauis2andhasdifficultywalking.Heclimbedatreeto3thefirstwavebutwhenhegotdown,anotherbigwave4himaway.Folauwassweptouttoseaatabout7p.m.localtime.Then,he5orswamanothereighthourstoasecond6withnoonelivingonitbeforefinallyswimmingagaintothemainislandofTongatapu.The7lastedmorethan27hoursand87.5kilometres.Folausaidthathewent9ninetimes.Theninthtinehewentunderandcameupand10alog.Andthat’swhatkepthim11.Tonganofficialssaidtheylearnedamanwas12fromAtataislandandtheyweren’tvery13aboutit.TherewasevenavideorecordedbyFolau’sson,whowent14forhisfather.Thevideoshows,thatalmost15wasleftstandingontheislandotherthanachurch,wheremanyofthevillagerstookad16.“It’soneofthese17thathappens,”saidanofficial.ThestoryofFolau’s18wentviralamongTongangroupsonsocialmedia.“ReallifeAquaman,”saidonepost,19thecomicbookandmoviecharacter.When20ifheknewwhoAquamanwas,Folausaidhedidnot.1．A．before B．since C．while D．when2．A．disabled B．depressed C．astonished D．annoyed3．A．observe B．escape C．dismiss D．spy4．A．wore B．put C．swept D．blew5．A．struggled B．dived C．sank D．drifted6．A．church B．island C．log D．distance7．A．experience B．accident C．exploration D．challenge8．A．contained B．continued C．spread D．covered9．A．straight B．free C．underwater D．forward10．A．grabbed B．threw C．struck D．chased11．A．waiting B．standing C．resting D．going12．A．injured B．missing C．dangerous D．ridiculous13．A．optimistic B．concerned C．curious D．certain14．A．praising B．applying C．searching D．praying15．A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing16．A．charge B．shelter C．action D．effect17．A．migrations B．mistakes C．miracles D．participants18．A．video B．fiction C．adventure D．survival19．A．referringto B．leadingto C．takingto D．contributingto20．A．accused B．asked C．doubted D．introduced一、完形填空答案1．D2．A3．B4．C5．D6．B7．A8．D9．C10．A11．D12．B13．A14．C15．D16．B17．C18．D19．A20．B【导语】文章是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海啸将一名57岁的汤加男子冲入海中，他在海里度过了一个夜晚后获救。【解析】1．考查连词词义辨析。句意：LisalaFolau上周六正在粉刷他的房子，这时他的哥哥告诉他海啸正在向阿塔塔小岛移动。A.before之前；B.since自从，因为；C.while当……时候；D.when当……时候。此处when为并列连词，意为“正在这时，突然”。常用于bedoing...when...的句型。故选D项。【解析】2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：福劳残疾，行走困难。A.disabled残疾的；B.depressed抑郁的，沮丧的；C.astonished吃惊的；D.annoyed懊恼的，生气的。根据后文“hasdifficultywalking”，故可判断此处为福劳残疾，行走困难。故选A项。【解析】3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他爬上树躲避第一波浪，但当他下来时，另一个大浪把他卷走了。A.observe观察；B.escape逃脱；C.dismiss开除，解雇；D.spy突然看见，认出。根据常识和上文语境“atsunamiwasmovingtowardthesmallisland”海啸正在移动到来，可知他爬树躲避第一波波浪。故选B项。【解析】4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他爬上树躲避第一波浪，但当他下来时，另一个大浪把他卷走了。A.wore穿；B.put放，安置；C.swept扫除；D.blew吹。根据下文“Folauwassweptouttoseaatabout7p.m.localtime.”在7点左右被卷入大海，可知，此处为sweepaway意为“卷走”。故选C项。【解析】5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他又漂流或游泳了8个小时，来到了第二个无人居住的岛屿，最后又游到了汤加塔普主岛。A.struggled斗争；B.dived潜水；C.sank下沉；D.drifted漂流。根据语境和下文“orswamanothereighthours”可知，被卷入大海，他又漂流或游泳了8个小时，来到了第二个无人居住的岛屿。故选D项。【解析】6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他又漂流或游泳了8个小时，来到了第二个无人居住的岛屿，最后又游到了汤加塔普主岛。A.church教堂；B.island岛屿；C.log日志；D.distance距离。根据前文和“beforefinallyswimmingagaintothemainislandofTongatapu”可知他先游到了一个无人居住的岛上。故选B项。【解析】7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次体验持续了27个多小时，行程7.5公里。A.experience经历；【解析】B.accident事故；C.exploration探索；D.challenge挑战。由上下文句意可知，此处指前文所述的“经历”。故选A项。【解析】8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次体验持续了27个多小时，行程7.5公里。A.contained包含；B.continued继续；C.spread传播；D.covered行走。由下文“7.5kilometres”可知，此处cover意为“行走(一段路程)”为7.5公里。故选D项。【解析】9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：福劳说他下过九次水。A.straight直线地；B.free自由地；C.underwater在水下；D.forward向前。根据后文“Theninthtimehewentunderandcameup”可知，福劳浮上海面，说明他下过九次水。故选C项。【解析】10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第九次，他钻到下面，又浮上来，抓住了一根木头。A.grabbed抓住；B.threw扔；C.struck碰撞；D.chased追赶。由句意以及上文“cameup浮上来”可知，浮上海面后，他抓住了一根木头。故选A项。【解析】11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是他继续前行的原因。A.waiting等待；B.standing站立；C.resting休息；D.going行走。根据前文他钻到水下，又浮上来，抓住了一根木头可知，由于这根木头，行动不便的他得以继续前行。故选D项。【解析】12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤加官员表示，他们得知一名男子在阿塔塔岛失踪，他们对此不太乐观。A.injured受伤的；B.missing失踪的；C.dangerous危险的；D.ridiculous荒唐的。根据上文“Theislandhasapopulationofabout60.”可知岛上人口极少，福劳被卷入大海，人们很容易知道他失踪了。故选B项。【解析】13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤加官员表示，他们得知一名男子在阿塔塔岛失踪，他们对此不太乐观。A.optimistic乐观的；B.concerned担心的；C.curious好奇的；D.certain确定的。根据上文语境可知，官员们了解到一个人在海啸后失踪，他们对其幸存不抱有乐观态度。故选A项。【解析】14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：福劳的儿子甚至还录下了一段寻找父亲的视频。A.praising赞扬；B.applying申请；C.searching搜寻；D.praying祈祷。由福劳的失踪不见，可知，此处为福劳的儿子甚至还录下了一段寻找父亲的视频。searchfor意为“搜寻”。故选C项。【解析】15．考查代词词义辨析。句意：视频显示，岛上除了一座教堂，几乎什么都没有了，许多村民都在那里避难。A.everything一切，所有；B.anything任何东西；C.something一些事情；D.nothing什么都没有。根据下文“wasleftstandingontheislandotherthanachurch”可知，海啸后，除了一座教堂，岛上几乎荡然无存。故选D项。【解析】16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：视频显示，岛上除了一座教堂，几乎什么都没有了，许多村民都在那里避难。A.charge要价，充电，指控；B.shelter避难所；C.action行为；D.effect影响。根据上文语境可知，海啸后，除了一座教堂，岛上几乎荡然无存，岛民应该是在教堂里避难，此处为takeshelter意为“寻求庇护；存身；避难”，满足句意要求。故选B项。【解析】17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位官员说：“这是奇迹之一。”A.migrations迁移；B.mistakes错误；C.miracles奇迹；D.participants参与者。根据首尾两段以及文章所述过程可知，被卷入大海的福劳获救，这是一个“奇迹”。故选C项。【解析】18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：福劳幸存的故事在社交媒体上迅速在汤加人群体中传播开来。A.video视频；B.fiction小说；C.adventure冒险；D.survival幸存。根据第一段“A57-year-oldTongamansurvivedanightintheoceanafteratsunami

waveswepthimouttosealastSaturday.”可知，被卷入大海的福劳获救，此处goviral意为“走红”。指他的幸免于难在媒体上火了。故选D项。【解析】19．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“现实生活中的海王，”一个帖子说，指的是漫画和电影中的角色。A.referringto指的是；B.leadingto引导，通往；C.takingto喜欢，开始从事；D.contributingto致力于。根据上文“Aquaman”和下文“thecomicbookandmoviecharacter”可知，Aquaman(海王)指的是漫画和电影中的角色。故选A项。【解析】20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他是否知道海王是谁时，福劳说他不知道。A.accused指控；B.asked问；C.doubted怀疑；D.introduced介绍。根据上文“福劳被称为现实生活中的海王”和下文“Folausaidhedidnot”可知，此处为当被问及他是否知道海王是谁时，福劳说他不知道。故选B项。二、阅读理解PassageAOnFridayJanuary14,2022,blastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.BoatscrashedintoaquietharborinSouthernCalifornia,aremoteislandwasbatteredinJapanby4footwavesandtwowomenwereswepttotheirdeathsonabeachinPerusome6,000milesfromanunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe.ButonSunday,asreportsofthevolcano’seffectcrowdedinfromfar-flungcountries,therewaslittlewordfromTonga,theislandnationjust40milesfromthesiteoftheextraordinaryexplosion.Asconcernsfromallovertheworldgrew,thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld,itsunderseainternetcablesknockedoutofcommissionbythevolcano.InTongaonSunday,manyresidentslostnotonlycommunicationchannelsbutelectricpower.Upto80,000peopletherecouldbeaffected,theInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocietiestoldtheBBC．NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.Ardern,theNewZealandprimeminister,saidflightsoverTongawereplannedforMondayorTuesday,dependingonashconditions.Tongahasexperiencedasuccessionofnaturaldisastersinrecentyears.In2018,morethan170homesweredestroyedandtwopeoplekilledbyCycloneGita,aCategory5tropicalstorm.In2020,CycloneHaroldcausedabout$111millionindamage.21．Howmuchareaoftheseawaterdidthevolcanostir?A．20%. B．30%. C．50%. D．70%.22．Whichphrasecanreplacetheunderlinedwords“outofcommission”?A．outofaction B．outofrange C．outofexistence D．outofaccount23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．NewZealandaswellasothernationsintheregiongaveTongaaidtimely.B．TheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021madenearbyflightsdelayed.C．FlightscouldreachTongatwodaysaftertheeruption.D．TheunderseavolcaniceruptioncausedsevererdamagetoTongathaneverbefore.24．Whatsectionofanewspapermaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．Homenews. B．Businessnews.C．Travelnews. D．Internationalnews.PassageA答案：CABD【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。【解析】21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“anunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe(海底火山爆发的威力如此之大，以至于它引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)”可知，火山搅动了约50%的海水，故选C。【解析】22．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld(这个约有10万人口的国家在很大程度上仍然与世界其他地区隔绝)”以及下文“bythevolcano(被火山)”可推知，此处指这个国家与世界其他地区基本隔绝了，所以其海底互联网电缆因火山爆发而中断，因此划线的短语“outofcommission”意思是“不能使用的”，A项“outofaction(不能工作、无法运转)”与画线短语意思相近。故选A。【解析】23．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.(但由于空气中火山灰浓度很高，飞行变得不可能，就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，甚至很难知道需要什么)”可推知，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致了附近航班延误。故选B。【解析】24．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“OnFridayJanuary14,2022,blastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.(2022年1月14日星期五，2000公里外的新西兰和3300公里外的澳大利亚都听到了爆炸声)”以及倒数第二段“NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.(新西兰和该地区其他国家承诺向汤加提供恢复援助)”可推知，本文主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝，所以最有可能摘自报纸的国际新闻版面。故选D。阅读理解PassageBThereisalwayssomethingthathappensintheworldthateveryonefearswillhappentotheirtown,cityorcountry:naturaldisasters.Thescariestpartofitisthatnoonewilleverseeitcoming.Thoughtechnologyhelpsusprepare,butitneveractuallytellsthepeoplewhattimeit’sgoingtohit,Itisalwaysestimated,buttheresultisnever100%accurate.However,thatisnotthepointofthisarticle.Twodifferentnaturaldisastersintwodifferentpartsoftheworldhavehappenedinthepastfewweeks.OneisamajorfloodthathashitLouisianaintheUnitedStates.TheotherwasanearthquakethathitAmatrice,Italy.However.thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverage(新闻报道)ofthetwotragedies.AsforthefloodinginLouisiana,itisreportedthatthisdisasteristheworsttohittheUnitedStatessincesuper-stormSandyandit’llcostatleast$30million.Inonlythefirstcoupleofweeks,13peoplehaddied.However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItalyhappenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthatwasoverthenewsfeed.Everyotherpostwasabouttheearthquake.SomewouldhavetheopinionthatAmatrice,Italywasoneofthemostbeautifultownsinthatcountry.Igotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethantheflooding.Sofar,theyhaveatotalof73deadandoverone-hundredmissing.IunderstandthattechnicallytheearthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsinLouisiana.However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyasserious.Weareoneworldunitedandshouldbethereforallofthepeopleouttherewhoareinneedofhelp.Wemaynotbeabletoaccuratelypredictdisasters,butwecansurelylendahandoutfortheneedy.25．Whatreallyconcernstheauthoraboutthetwonaturaldisasters?A．Thedeathandtheinjured. B．Themediareport.C．Thegovernment’sresponsibility. D．Theireconomicloss.26．Whydidtheauthorlearnaboutthefloodsolate?A．Hedidn'tcareabouttheflood. B．Hefeltnervousaboutthenews.C．Themediadidn'tcoveritintime. D．Thefloodfrightenedtheauthoralot.27．HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheearthquakeinItaly?A．Proud. B．Critical. C．Pitiful. D．Sad.28．Whatdoestheauthorreallywanttosayinthetext?A．Italyisn’tgoodatpredictingthenaturaldisasters.B．Allnaturaldisastersshouldbecoveredequally.C．Theworldshouldbeunitedintooneinstantly.D．AmericashouldhelpItalypredictnaturaldisasters.PassageB答案：BCDB【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章通过比较美国的路易斯安那州的洪水的报道和意大利的阿马特里切的地震的报道，作者认为自然灾害无大小，新闻媒体都应该及时报导，应该同样地严肃对待，应该让人们及时知晓，这样人们可以向受害者伸出援助之手。【解析】25．细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“However,thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverageofthetwotragedies.(然而，对这两起悲剧的新闻报道有一个很大的不同)”，第三段的最后两句“However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.(然而，像我一样，许多人并没有听说这个悲惨的事件。我直到三周后才知道这件事)”,以及第四段“InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItalyhappenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthatwasoverthenewsfeed.(然而，在意大利，它立即覆盖了所有媒体。意大利的地震发生在周二上午。就在同一天，我在推特上，这就是新闻动态的全部内容)”可知，同样是灾难，美国媒体对洪灾报道很少并且不及时，而意大利地震发生后，其消息瞬间出现在意大利的各媒体头条。由此可知，对于这两个自然灾害，作者关注的是媒体的报导。故选B项。【解析】26．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句“However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.(然而，像我一样，许多人并没有听说这个悲惨的事件。我直到三周后才知道这件事)”可知，因为媒体的报导不及时，很多人不知道路易斯安那州发生的洪灾，包括作者。故选C项。【解析】27．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Igotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethantheflooding.(我陷入深深的悲伤中，因为在这次地震中丧生的人比洪水还多)”可知，意大利的地震造成更多的人员伤亡，这让作者陷入深深的悲伤之中。故选D项。【解析】28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyasserious.(然而，我认为，如果发生自然灾害，应该同等报道，同等重视)”可知，作者认为，不管什么样的自然灾害发生之后，新闻媒体都应该及时报导，应该严肃对待。故选B项。二、阅读理解PassageCTheGreatSaltLake,America’slargestnaturallakewestoftheMississippiRiver,hasreacheditslowestlevelsinrecordedhistory.OfficialsinUtahsaythestateneedstotakeseriousmeasurestopreventfurtherdropsinlakelevels.ThecurrentstateoftheGreatSaltLakefollowsseriousdryconditionsaffectingUtahandotherwesternstates.WaterhasalsobeentakenfromthelaketosupplyhomesandcropsinUtah,oneofthenation’sfastestgrowingstates.UtahisalsooneofthedriestAmericanstates,buthashighwaterusagerates.Theseriousdropinlakelevelshasraisedconcernsinthestateaboutharmfuldust,environmentaldamageandeconomicproblems.Furtherwaterlossisexpectedtopresentseriousriskstomillionsofmigrating(迁徙)birds.Itcouldalsohurtalake-basedeconomyexpectedtobeworth$1.3billion.Economicactivitiesincludetheproductionofmineralsandbrineshrimp(虾)andtourism.Healthexpertsalsofearthatadrylakebedcouldsendpoisonousdustintotheairthatmillionsofpeoplebreathe.Oneproposalwouldseektolimitwateruseinhomesandbusinesses.Anotherwouldpayfarmersforsharingtheirwater.Athirdwoulddirectmoneyfrommineralproductionactivitiestoprogramsaimedatimprovingthelake.ZachFrankelisdirectorofthenonprofitUtahRiversCouncil.HesayshethinksmajoractionisneededinordertosavetheGreatSaltLake.“It’snotgoingtodoitwithbabysteps.Thesearetinybabystepsthatshouldhavebeentaken20yearsago,”Frankelsaid.Ifthewaterlevelscontinuetodrop,thelakecouldgettoosaltyforthemicroorganismstosurvive.Thishasalreadyhappenedinthebrightpinkwatersofthelake’snorthernarm.VandenBergisstillhopefulaboutthesouthernarm,whereapartofthemicroorganismsdidsurvivelastyear’slakedrop.”It’sbadbutnothopelessyet,”hesaid,“Thereisstilltimetofixandimprovethesituation.”29．WhatdoesZachFrankelmeanbyhiswordsaboutlakeprotection?A．Itistoolatetoprotectthelake.B．Smallactionsarenotenough.C．Actionshouldbetakenbitbybit.D．Thegovernmenthasn’trealizeditsimportance.30．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVandenBeg’sopinion?A．Betterlatethannever. B．AllroadsleadtoRome.C．Nopain,nogain. D．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.31．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DroughtHasReducedLakeWaterintheU.S.B．ClimateChangeAffectsPeopleLivingRoundLakesC．ProtectingtheGreatSaltLakeIsNecessaryforNeighborhoodD．OfficialsConsiderMeasurestoSavetheGreatSaltLakePassageC答案：BAD【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述美国密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊大盐湖已经达到了有记录以来的最低水位。以及该州需要采取严肃措施，防止湖泊水位进一步下降。【解析】29．细节理解题。根据第五段“HesayshethinksmajoractionisneededinordertosavetheGreatSaltLake.“It’snotgoingtodoitwithbabysteps.Thesearetinybabystepsthatshouldhavebeentaken20yearsago,”Frankelsaid.(他说，他认为需要采取重大行动来拯救大盐湖。弗兰克尔说：“这不是婴儿步。这些是20年前应该采取的婴儿步。”。)”可知，ZachFrankel认为需要采取重大行动来拯救大盐湖。这不是一小步一小步就能做到的。即小的行动不足以拯救大盐湖。故选B项。【解析】30．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘It’sbadbutnothopelessyet,’hesaid.‘Thereisstilltimetofixandimprovethesituation.’(“情况很糟糕，但还没有绝望，”他说还有时间来解决和改善这种情况。”)”可知，情况很糟糕，但还不是没有希望，即亡羊补牢为时未晚（迟做总比不做好）。故选A项。【解析】31．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“TheGreatSaltLake,America’slargestnaturallakewestoftheMississippiRiver,hasreacheditslowestlevelsinrecordedhistory.OfficialsinUtahsaythestateneedstotakeseriousmeasurestopreventfurtherdropsinlakelevels.(大盐湖是美国密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊，已达到有记录以来的最低水平。犹他州官员表示，该州需要采取认真措施，防止湖面水位进一步下降。)”以及下文可知，本文主要讲大盐湖已达到有记录以来的最低水平。犹他州的官员说该州需要采取严厉措施，防止湖泊水位进一步下降。故选D项。二、阅读理解PassageDInanaturaldisaster—ahurricane,flood,volcaniceruption,orothercatastrophes(灾难)—minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Becauseofthis,scientistsareworkingtousethelatesttechnologicaladvancestopredictwhenandwheredisasterswillhappen.Theyarealsostudyinghowtoanalyseandcommunicatethisinformationinthebestwayonceitisobtained.OnSeptember29,1998.HurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall(登陆)Biloxi,Mississippi,afterdamagingseveralislandsoftheCaribbeanbadlywithrainsandwindsupto160kmperhour.FewpeoplelosttheirlivesalongtheGulfCoastoftheUnitedStates.Thiswasaverydifferentoutcome(结果)from1900,whenapowerfulGulfCoasthurricanehadmadeanunexpecteddirecthitonGalveston,Texas,killingatleast6,000people.Vastlyimprovedhurricanewarningsexplainthedifferentcircumstances(状况)ateitherendofthe20thcentury—residentsofGalvestonhadnoadvancewarningthatastormwasapproaching,whileresidentsofBiloxihadbeenwarneddaysinadvance,allowingforsafetyprecautions(预防措施).WhilepeopleinBiloxiwerethankfulfortheadvancewarning,someresidentsofNewOrleans,Louisianawerelesssatisfied.AdaybeforeHurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall,forecasterswerepredictingthatthehurricanehadagoodchanceofstrikingNewOrleans.BecausemuchofNewOrleansliesbelowsealevel,thecityisatriskfromflooding.Emergencymanagementofficialsmustbeginevacuations(疏散)wellbeforeastormstrikes.Butevacuationcostsmoney:Businessesclose,touristsleave,andcitizenstakeprecautionarymeasures.ThemayorofNewOrleansestimatedthathiscity’spreparationforGeorgescostmorethan50million.AfterGeorgesmissedNewOrleans,someresidentsquestionedthevalueofthehurricaneforecastsinthefaceofsuchhighcosts.ThedifferentviewsontheearlywarningsforHurricaneGeorgesshowsomeofthecomplexitiesrelatedtopredictingdisasters.Disasterpredictionisaprocessofprovidingscientificinformationtothegovernmentofficialsandotherdecisionmakerswhomustrespondtothosepredictions.32．Whatisthepurposeofdisasterpredictionaccordingtothepassage?A．Toidentifythecauseofdisasters.B．Tosavepeople’slivesandproperty.C．Topreventnaturaldisastershappening.D．Toapplytechnologytodisasterprediction.33．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．HurricaneGeorgeshitBiloxiunexpectedlyin1998.B．SeveredamagewascausedinHurricaneGeorgesin1998.C．FewpeoplelosttheirlivesintheGulfCoasthurricanein1900.D．AdvancewarningmadeadifferencetothepeopleinBiloxiin1998.34．TheresidentsofNewOrleanswerelesssatisfiedbecause________.A．thehurricanedidnothitthecityB．theirpreparationsweremadeinvainC．thehurricanewarningarrivedratherlateD．theysufferedfromaheavyhurricaneattack35．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thedifferentwaysofdisasterprediction.B．Technologicaladvancesindisasterprediction.C．Thebenefitsandpreparationsofdisasterprediction.D．Theimportanceanduncertaintyofdisasterprediction.PassageD答案：BDBD【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，它是为了挽救人民的生命财产，但目前技术还有限。【解析】32．细节理解题。由第一段中的“Inanaturaldisaster—ahurricane,flood,volcaniceruption,orothercatastrophes(灾难)—minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.(在自然灾害中——飓风、洪水、火山爆发或其他灾难——几分钟甚至几秒钟的警告可以决定生死)”可知，灾难预测的目的是为了挽救人民的生命和减少财产损失。故选B项。【解析】33．细节理解题。由第二段“OnSeptember29,1998.HurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall(登陆)Biloxi,Mississippi,afterdamagingseveralislandsoftheCaribbeanbadlywithrainsandwindsupto160kmperhour.FewpeoplelosttheirlivesalongtheGulfCoastoftheUnitedStates.(1998年9月29日。飓风乔治登陆密西西比州的比洛克西。此前，加勒比海的几个岛屿遭到严重破坏，降雨和风速高达每小时160公里。很少有人在美国海湾沿岸丧生)”，第四段中的“residentsofGalvestonhadnoadvancewarningthatastormwasapproaching,whileresidentsofBiloxihadbeenwarneddaysinadvance,allowingforsafetyprecautions(预防措施).(加尔维斯顿的居民没有收到风暴即将来临的预先警告，而比洛克西的居民则提前几天收到警告，以便采取安全预防措施)”和第五段中的“WhilepeopleinBiloxiwerethankfulfortheadvancewarning,someresidentsofNewOrleans,Louisianawerelesssatisfied.(虽然比洛克西的人们对事先发出的警告表示感谢，但路易斯安那州新奥尔良的一些居民却不那么满意)”可知，因为比洛克西的居民提前几天收到风暴即将来临的预先警告，采取了安全预防措施，所以很少有人在美国海湾沿岸丧生，说明“1998年，提前警告对比洛克西的人民产生了影响”正确。故选D项。【解析】34．细节理解题。由第五段中的“AdaybeforeHurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall,forecasterswerepredictingthatthehurricanehadagoodchanceofstrikingNewOrleans.(在飓风“乔治”登陆的前一天，气象预报员预测飓风很有可能袭击新奥尔良)”和倒数第二段中的“AfterGeorgesmissedNewOrleans,someresidentsquestionedthevalueofthehurricaneforecastsinthefaceofsuchhighcosts.(飓风“乔治”错过新奥尔良后，面对如此高昂的成本，一些居民质疑飓风预报的价值)”可知，预测说飓风“乔治”会袭击新奥尔良，新奥尔良花费高昂成本进行了疏散工作，但最后飓风“乔治”没有袭击新奥尔良，新奥尔良的城市居民不满意是因为他们的准备是徒劳的。故选B项。【解析】35．主旨大意题。第一段讲“灾难预测的重要性和意义”，第二三段讲“飓风“乔治”对美洲多地造成的危害”，第四段讲“提前警告对比洛克西的人民产生了好的影响”，第五六七段通过“新奥尔良的城市居民在灾害来临前做了充足的准备，但灾害却绕过了新奥尔良”讲“灾害的复杂性和不确定性”。由此可知，文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，它是为了挽救人民的生命财产，但目前技术还有限，D项“灾害预测的重要性和不确定性”符合文意。故选D项。二、PassageE阅读理解七选五Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit.Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen,36.●Packa3-daysupplyoffoodandwater.Choosefooditemswithalongshelflife,whichdon’trequirerefrigerationorlittlecooking,suchascannedgoodsandpackageditems,incaseyoudon’thavepowerduetoadisaster.Besides,Store1gallon(3.8L)ofwaterperperson(andperpet)perday.37,sobesuretoincludeplentyofpurified(净化的)waterinbottles.●38.Packemergencyblankets.sleepingbags,andatentortwoincaseyoucan’tstayinyourhome.Amultipurposetoollikeaknifeandawhistlewouldalsobehandytohaveinyourkit.●Packelectronicsandbatteries.Intheeventofabigdisaster,besuretohaveseveralflashlights,anAM/FMradio,andextrabatteries,39.●Includemedicineandafirstaidkit.Prescriptionandover-the-countermedicinesshouldbeincludedinyourkit.40.Packextraglassesandanyothermedicalsuppliesthatmaybeneeded,likehearingaidswithextrabatteries.A．herearesometipsforyouB．AddshelterandsafetysuppliesC．It’sbesttostoreenoughwaterfor2weeksD．TapwatermaybeunsafetodrinkintheeventofadisasterE．you’llbereadyforanemergencyifyoutakethetimetogetwellpreparedF．Addabasicfirstaidkitcontaininginstanticepacks,bandages,scissorsandsoonG．becauseyourlandline,cellphonewillprobablynotworkduringanaturaldisasterPassageE答案：EDBGF【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对自然灾害，你可以为自己和家人准备一个应急包，并介绍了应急包中应该备有什么物品。【解析】36．根据上文“Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit.(想到自然灾害可能会令人恐惧，但你可以为自己和家人准备一个应急包。)”可知，你可以准备一个应急包；而空前“Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen,(虽然你可能不知道什么样的灾难会在什么时候发生，)”的逗号暗示，所选选项的首字母不需要大写；并且空处再次说明做好准备的必要性。选项E“you’llbereadyforanemergencyifyoutakethetimetogetwellprepared(如果你花时间做好充分准备，你就能应对紧急情况)”首字母没有大写，且内容上承上启下。故选E。【解析】37．根据上文“Besides,Store1gallon(3.8L)ofwaterperperson(andperpet)perday.(此外，每人(每只宠物)每天需储存1加仑(3.8升)的水。)”下文“sobesuretoincludeplentyofpurified(净化的)waterinbottles.(所以一定要在瓶子里放足够的纯净水。)”可知，一定要准备足够的水，并保证水的安全性。选项D“Tapwatermaybeunsafetodrinkintheeventofadisaster(如果发生灾难，自来水可能不安全，不能饮用)”符合上下文内容。故选D。【解析】38．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Packemergencyblankets.sleepingbags,andatentortwoincaseyoucan’tstayinyourhome.Amultipurposetoollikeaknifeandawhistlewouldalsobehandytohaveinyourkit.(装上紧急毯子，睡袋和一两个帐篷，以防你不能呆在家里。像刀和哨子这样的多功能工具放在你的工具箱里也很方便。)”可知，本段讲的是带上安全用品。选项B“Addshelterandsafetysupplies(带上遮蔽物以及安全用品)”与本段大意一致。故选B。【解析】39．根据段首句“Packelectronicsandbatteries.(封装电子产品和电池。)”可知，本段和电子产品相关；以及空前“Intheeventofabigdisaster,besuretohaveseveralflashlights,anAM/FMradio,andextrabatteries,(在发生大灾难的时候，一定要有几个手电筒，一个AM/FM收音机，和额外的电池，)”中的逗号可知，空处单词首字母无需大写。选项G“becauseyourlandline,cellphonewillprobablynotworkduringanaturaldisaster(因为你的座机、手机在自然灾害中可能无法工作。)”解释了带电池、手电筒和收音机的原因。故选G。【解析】40．根据段首句“Includemedicineandafirstaidkit.(包括药品和急救箱。)”可知，本段与急救相关；空前“Prescriptionandover-the-countermedicinesshouldbeincludedinyourkit.(你的药箱中应该包括处方药和非处方药。)”建议读者备上药；而空后“Packextraglassesandanyothermedical