Unit 4 单元检测（原卷版）

2/2(2019)人教版必修三Unit4SpaceExploration单元检测(考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分)注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共30分，略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABigSpaceEventsToPutInYourCalendarFor2022MAY—CHINA’SSPACESTATIONGETSBIGGERMaywillseethelaunchofanewmodulefortheTiangongspacestation,China’s“Palaceinthesky”.Itsfirstcoremodule,TianhewaslaunchedlastApril.ThenextmodulewillbeWentian,alaboratoryexpectedtolaunchbetweenMayandJune.Itwillalsoserveasabackupcoremoduleandtheplacewherefuturespacewalksfromthetaikonautswilltakeplace.Itwillbefollowedbyasecondlaboratorymodule,Mengtian,inAugust-September.JUNE—INDIA’SSPACECRAFTTAKESITSFIRSTFLIGHTISRO,theIndianSpaceResearchOrganization,hasannouncedthatGaganyaan(whichtranslatestoSkyCraft)willhaveisfirstunscrewedfightinJune.ThecraftispannedtobeakeyvehicleintheIndianHumanSpaceflightProgramand,allgoingwellinthistest;itwillbefollowedbyacrewedtestnextyear.JULY—RUSSIAEYESTHEMOONAGAINRussia’sLunaprogramhadmanysuccesseswithlanders,rovers,andevensamplereturns,andLuna25isexpectedtofollowinthattraditionaccordingtoRussianSpaceAgency,Roscomos.ThemissionthisfineisjustalanderexpectedtotouchdownneartheLunarSouthPolewithinstrumentsdesignedtostudythesoil.ThelocationmightbeapossibleareaofinterestforapermanentbaseontheMoon.AUGUST—MORELUNARMISSIONSAugustwillseethelaunchoftheKoreaPathfinderLunarOrbiterapannedlunarorbiterbytheKoreaAerospaceResearchInstitute(KARI).ThiswillbethefirstKoreanLunarMission,atechnologydemonstrationforKARI.1.Whichcountrywillcarryoutmultiplespacetasksthisyear?A.China. B.India. C.Russia. D.Korea.2.WhatdoweknowaboutLuna25?A.Itwilloperateinlowlunarorbit. B.ItwilltakealandontheMoon.C.Itwillserveasapermanentbase. D.Itwilltakeitsfirstcrewedflight.3.WhenisthefirstKoreanLunarMissionscheduled?A.InMay. B.InJune. C.InJuly. D.InAugust.BTwohighschoolstudentshaveidentifiedfournewplanetsindistantspaceabout200-light-yearsfromEarthmakingthem“theyoungestastronomers”tomakesuchadiscovery.KartikPingle,16,andJasmineWright.18,whobothattendschoolsinMassachusetts,participatedintheStudentResearchMentoringProgram(SRMP).WiththehelpofTansuDaylan,anMITdoctorforAstrophysicsandSpaceResearch,thestudentsstudiedandanalyzeddatafromtheTransitingExoplanctSurveySatellite(TESS).TogethertheyfocusedonTessObjectofInterest(TOI)1233,anearby,brightsun-likestarandheretheyfoundfourplanetsrotating（旋转）aroundthestar.“Wewerelookingtoseechangesinlightovertime,”Pingleexplained,“theideaisthatiftheplanettransitsthestar,orpassesinfrontofit,itwouldperiodicallycoverupthestaranddecreaseitsbrightness.”Whilestudying1233PingleandWrighthadatleasthopedtofindoneplanetbutwereoverwhelmedwithjoywhenatotaloffourwerespotted.“Iwasveryexcitedandveryshocked.”Wrightsaid.“WeknewthiswasthegoalofDaylan’sresearch,buttoactuallyfindamulti-planetarysystem,andbepartofthediscoveringteam,wasreallycool.”Threeofthenewlydiscoveredplanetsareconsideredas“sub-Neptunes”,whicharegaseous,butsmallerthantheNeptunethatlivesinoursolarsystem.Whileobservingtheplanets,theteamdeterminedeachonecompletestheirorbitaround1233everysixto19.5days.However,thefourthplanetiscalleda“super-Earth”foritslargesizeandrockinessthisoneorbitsaroundthestarinjustunderfourdays.“Wehavelongbeenstudyingplanetsbeyondoursolarsystemandwithmulti-planetarysystems,thetwoyoungstudentsarekindofhittingthejackpot.Theyarereallyblessed.”Daylansaid.“Theplanetsoriginatedfromthesamediskofmatteraroundthesamestar,buttheyendedupbeingdifferentplanetswithdifferentatmospheresanddifferentclimatesduetotheirdifferentorbits.So,wewouldliketounderstandthebasicprocessesofplanetformationandevolutionusingthisplanetarysystem.”Daylanaddedthatitwasa“win-win”toworkwithPingleandWrightonthestudy.“Asaresearcher,Ireallyenjoyinteractingwithyoungbrainsthatareopentoexperimentationandlearningandhaveslightestbias（偏见）.”hesaid,“Ialsothinkitisverybeneficialtohighschoolstudents,sincetheygetexposuretocutting-edgeresearch,andthispreparesthemquicklyforaresearchcareer.”4.Howdidthetwostudentsidentifythefourplanets？A.ByhelpingprofessorTansuDaylanwiththedata.B.Byanalyzingthechangeofbrightnessofstar1233.C.BystudyingNeptunethatlivesinoursolarsystem.D.Byinteractingwithotheryoungtalentedbrains.5.Whatisspecialaboutthediscovery？A.Itwasmadebytwohighschoolstudents.B.Itwasmadewithaninnovativeapproach.C.ItwasmeanttobemadebyTansuDaylan.D.Itfoundthelargestnumberofplanetsatatime.6.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“hittingthejackpot”inparagraph5？A.Makingadiscoverydifficultly. B.Achievingthegoaleasily.C.Succeedinginsomethingluckily. D.Performingataskcarefully.7.Accordingtothearticle,whatbenefitsdoesthestudybring？A.Itallowsthescientiststoworkwithyoungpeoplewithoutprejudice.B.Itequipsfutureastronomerswithbetterresearchingabilities.C.Itprovidesmoreperspectivesandthusboostsmorediscoveries.D.Itarousesstudents’interestinexploringtheunknownuniverse.CThedevelopmentofChina’sspaceprogramwasfirstsuggestedin1956bythefatherofChineserocketscience,QianXuesen(1911-2009).Asaresultofextensivepreparationandplanning,theShenzhoucrewedprogrambeganin1992,andthefirstChineseastronaut,YangLiwei,wentintospacein2003.Chang’e-1,alunarorbiterwaslaunchedin2007,whileTiangong-1,anexperimentalcrewedspacestationwaslaunchedin2011.In2019,Chang’e-4madeasoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon.Itwasmankind’sfirstsuccessfulsoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon.A“soft”landingisonewherethespacecraftlandsinacontrolledway,andgetsnodamage.Twelvehourslater,thesmallYutu-2rover12wasreleased.TounderstandwhyChang’e-4’ssoftlandingwassuchanachievement,considerthedifficultyofanyspacemission,especiallyonetothefarsideofthemoon.Whilethefarsideofthemoonisoftencalledthedarksideofthemoon,itisnotreallydark.Themainproblemwithlandingonthefarsideofthemooniscommunication.ThereisnoclearlineofsightbetweenthefarsideofthemoonandtheEarth.Thisnormallymakesradiocommunicationwithspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoonimpossible.Chineseengineerscameupwithauniquesolution.BeforeChang’e-4’smission(任务),theysenttheQueqiaocommunicationssatelliteintospace.WhenengineersneededtocommunicatewithChang’e-4andYutu-2,theycouldsendradiomessagestoQueqiao.ThemessageswouldthenbesentfromthesatellitedowntotheLanderandrover.ThisallowedforcontactbetweenEarthandthefarsideofthemoon.OneoftheexperimentsofChang’e-4’smissionwasdesignedtotestaclosedecological(生态的)systemthatcouldbeextremelyimportantforlong-termspacemissions:Theplantsproducefoodandoxygenforthefruitflies,whilethefruitfliesproducecarbondioxidefortheplants.Thisexperimentworkedforninedays,butithadtobestoppedwhenthetemperaturesdroppedbelow-52°C.8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ThefirstChineseastronaut,YangLiwei,wentintospacein2007.B.QianXuesenisconsideredthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogram.CThedevelopmentofspaceprograminChinastartedinancienttimes.D.TheChinesespaceprogramhasbeenadvancingwithpreparationandplanning.9.WhywasChang’e-4’slandingonthemoonsuchanachievement?ABecauseChang’e-4landedonthemoonsuccessfully.B.BecauseChang’e-4madeasoftlandingonthedarksideofthemoon.C.Becausemanhadneverlandedonthemoonwiththedifficultyofspacemission.D.Becauseitwasthefirsttimethathumanshadlandedonthemoonwithoutanydamage.10.WhywastheecologicalexperimentonChang’e-4stopped?A.Itgottoodarktocontinue.B.TheLandernolongerhadpower.C.Itgottoocoldfortheexperimenttowork.D.Therewasnotenoughoxygenonthemoon.11.Whereisthispassageprobablyfrom?A.Astorybook B.AtextbookC.Asciencefiction D.AmagazineDImaginehowyou’dfeelifyouhadtogetmorethan9,000tonsofjunkouttothesidewalk.That’showmuchtrashisfloatingaroundinspace.Infact,there’sabout4millionpoundsflyingoverourheadsinlow-Earthorbit.Daan,aDutchartist,andhisteamatSpaceWasteLabhavecomeupwithacreativeplanthatcouldclearupspacejunkinaspectacularfashion.①Mostspacewastecomesfromdeadsatellitesandrockets.Functioningsatellitesarethebackboneoftheinformationsystemsthatkeepourworldrunningsmoothly.Butallthesatelliteseventuallybecomeobsoletewithinjustafewdecades.Whentheydieout,there’stheproblemofthemdriftinginouterspace,collectinginwhatscientistscallthe“graveyardorbit”.Maybeyou’rethinking,“WhyshouldIcareaboutgarbage12,500milesaboveme?”Well,allthatfunstuffthatsatelliteshelpbeamdowntous—mobilegames,Instagram,catvideos—couldbeshutdownbyspacewaste.Lotsofoldjunkfloatingaroundupthere,plusnewsatellitesaddedeachyear,meansmoreandmorehigh-speedcollisions(碰撞).Andwhenchunksofjunkcrashintooneanother,theybreakapartintomillionsofpieces,quicklybuildingupspeedandturningintofast-movingobjects,whicharedangeroustooperationalsatellitesaswellasastronautsworkingontheInternationalSpaceStation.②Spacewasteisaproblemthat’sescalatedsomuchthatsomescientistssaythatby2050we’llbeforcedtostoplaunchingnewspacecraftaltogether,includingnewsatellites.Thinkaboutthatforaminute.Whenthelastsatellitesfinallybecomedisused,GPS,cellphones,andtheInternetwillnolongerfunction.③Sowehavetofindawaytodealwiththisspacegarbage,andDaanpicturesasortoftrashpickup,whichinvolvesgroupsofsmallspacecraftcastinglargenetsintoorbitthatwouldcollectspacedebris(碎片)andsenditbacktowardEarthattopspeed.Here’sthebestpart—whilereenteringEarth’satmosphere,thepiecesofjunkwouldburnupallatonce,creatingalightshowsimilartohundredsofshootingstarsfallinginthenightsky.Aspectacleindeed!Togetreadyforsuchanamazingeffort,SpaceWasteLabhasbeentravelingtomajorcitiesacrossEuropeandenlighteningthepublicontheproblemofthejunkinspace.④ButDaandoesn’tjusttalkaboutwaystorelievetheproblem—he’screatedsomethingalittlegranderthanthat.InOctober2018,histeamlaunchedSpaceWasteLabPerformance,anoutdoorartexhibitionthatshowsthelocationofeachpieceofspacetrashusinglargelasersthatmakeeachdebrislookabitlikeastarwanderingslowlyandsilentlyoverthesky,allowingviewerstowaveandsay,“Hello,spacetrash!”12.Accordingtothepassage,whichsentencebestreplacesthequestionmarkinthediagram?A.Thereismorejunkfloatinginspaceeachyearasnewsatellitesareadded.B.Satellitescanhelppeopletracktheweatherandfindnewlocations.C.Workingsatellitescanbedamagedandastronautscanbehurt.D.TheSpaceWasteLabPerformancecanshowpeoplewheresatellitesarelocated.13.Whichofthefollowingbestsupportstheideathatspacewasteshouldbedealtwithverysoon?A.Sentence① B.Sentence②C.Sentence③ D.Sentence④14.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.SpaceJunkHarmsDigitalSystemsB.TestofWasteCollectionNetsC.ANewGlimpseintoOuterSpaceD.Artists’ProposaltoSaveSpace15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsDaan’sproject?A.Critical. B.Indifferent. C.Neutral. D.Approving.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MarsistrulyafascinatingplanetforthoseofushereonEarth.____16____ItisabouthalfasbigasEarthandisoftenreferredtoastheRedPlanetbecauseofitsredsurface.TheRedPlanethasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem-OlympusMons.____17____That’saboutthreetimestheheightofMountQomolangma.Marsalsohasanatmosphere,butitisverythinandmadeupmostlyofcarbondioxide.BecauseofitsthinatmosphereandgreaterdistancefromtheSun,MarsismuchcolderthanEarth.____18____TheduststormsofMarscangrowsobigthatsometimestheyblankettheentireplanetandlastformonths.ThepolesonMarsarealotlikeAntarctica,cappedbyice,butmuchofMars’siceismadefromcarbondioxide,notwater.ScientistsbelievethatstudyingMarscanhelpanswersomeofthekeyquestionsaboutourplanetEarth,oreventheuniverse.____19____Since1960,morethanhalfofallattemptedMarsmissionshavefailed.TheUSA,Russia,theEuropeanSpaceAgency,andseveralothercountrieshavelostmanyspacecraftintheirquesttoexploretheRedPlanet.Nevertheless,theywillstillcontinuetheirexplorations.ChineseexpertsareconfidentabouttheirplantoexploreMars,inspiteofthemanychallenges.ThefirstMarsunmannedspacecraftwaslaunchedfromWenchangaround2020.Butitisonlythebeginningofdeepvoyagesintoouterspace.____20____A.Itisroughly27kilometreshigh.B.MissionstoMarshaveneverbeeneasy.C.Mars,however,todayhasnoactivevolcanoes.D.Thetemperatureattheplanet’ssurfacevarieswidely.E.However,Marsdoeshaveweather,withcloudsandwinds.F.Chinawillcontinuetoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse.G.Itisoneofthefewplanetsthatwecanseewithourowneyes.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InSeptember2016,sixpeoplecameoutfromasmallsolar-poweredbuildingonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.Theywere____21____ofasimulated(模拟的)missiontoMars,andtheyhadbeenlivinginthebuildingfornearlyoneyear,____22____fromtherestoftheworld.ThismissiontoMarswaspartofanongoing____23____toseehowpeoplewoulddealwiththechallengesoflivingonanotherplanet.Basedonthe____24____oftheexperimentsofar,herearefourabilitiesyouwouldneedto____25____onMars.ThefirstisResourcefulness(足智多谋).Whenthewatersystembroke,thegrouphadtwo____26____.Theycouldfigureouthowtofixitortheycould____27____monthsforsuppliestobedeliveredfrom“Earth”—bywhichpointtheywouldbedead.Sothey____28____itthemselves.ThesecondisImagination.Thegroupmembershavesaidboredomwasamajor____29____.OnMars,youwouldn’thaveNetflixorXbox,soyou’dhaveto_____30_____otherformsofentertainment(娱乐活动).ThethirdisTolerance(宽容).Thebuildingisonlyaquarterofthesizeofabasketballcourt.Ifyou’re_____31_____annoyedbypeople,lifeonMarsmightnotbeforyou.Whethereating,working,exercising,orrelaxing,youwouldhardlybe_____32_____.ThelastisIndependence.Duringamission,thereisnoreal-time_____33_____betweenthegroupandanyoneon“Earth.”Theyhaveemail,_____34_____messagesareona20-minutedelay(延迟),simulatinghowlongitwouldtakemessagesto_____35_____betweenEarthandMars.SoyouwouldberemovedfromthelivesofyourlovedonesbackonEarth.21.A.captains B.members C.astronauts D.directors22.A.pulled B.keptfree C.protected D.cutoff23.A.explanation B.holiday C.experiment D.game24.A.results B.origins C.wishes D.requirements25.A.refuse B.copy C.argue D.survive26.A.tasks B.choices C.dreams D.conditions27.A.spread B.prepare C.wait D.leave28.A.fixed B.watered C.called D.planted29.A.desire B.habit C.ability D.challenge30.A.limit B.forget C.find D.leap31.A.hardly B.easily C.secretly D.suddenly32.A.alone B.polite C.successful D.normal33.A.communication B.system C.teaching D.meeting34.A.so B.but C.if D.unless35.A.escape B.walk C.travel D.change第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ThreeChineserecentlyarrivedatthecountry’snewspacestationinanotherstepforwardforthegrowingspacepower.Thethree-membercrewstayedforthreemonthsinthestation’smainlivingspace___36___(call)amodule.ThemoduleisnamedTianhe,___37___means“HarmonyoftheHeavens”inChinese.Theastronautscarriedoutscience___38___(experiment)andalsocompletedspacewalks,preparingthestation___39___(receive)twoothermodulesnextyear.China___40___(send)overtenastronautsintospacesinceitsfirstlaunchin2003.Itisthe___41___(three)countryaftertheformerSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatestodoso.Withitseconomy___42___(grow)inthe1990s,Chinamadeaplanforspaceexploration.Sincethen,ithasbeentryingtocarryoutthisplan___43___(careful).However,it’slikelythatChinawouldhavebuiltitsownstationanywaybecauseofitsgoaltobecome___44___majorspacepower.Itrepresentsthecountry’srisefromapoornation____45____theworld’ssecondlargesteconomyinthelast40years.第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假设你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，拟给中国太空站（TiangongSpaceStation）宇航员们写一封信。你准备向学校英文报投稿，要点如下：1.对他们为航天事业取得的成就感到骄傲；2.询问有关太空站上的生活和工作的情况；3.表达关心和祝福。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearastronauts,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wishyouasuccessfulmissionandacomfortablejourney!Yoursfaithfully,LiHua第二节(满分25分)读后续写47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Thatnight,Iquarreledwithmymother,thenstormedoutofthehouse.Whileontheroad,IrememberedthatIdidnothaveanymoneyinmypocket,Ididnoteventakemycellphonewit