2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（北师版）-任务7　金三句-解“词句猜测题”

任务7金三句——解“词句猜测题”猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生猜测文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象。近几年高考词句猜测题的考查数量比较稳定，其中以考查画线短语的含义、生僻超纲词的含义、课标词(及其派生词)在特定语境中的陌生含义为主。虽然每年高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多(每套卷1－2道)，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。下表是2022—2024年全国命题词句猜测题考查情况统计：考点考查频次202420232022猜测短语(句子)含义[8道]3道[shinethrough，Inthewronghands，take...upanotch]2道[relateto，adabhand]3道[embarkon，hithomeforme，taketheplunge]猜测生词含义[1道]0道1道[declutter]0道猜测熟词语境义[2道]0道1道[conversation]1道[maintenance]猜测代词指代义[1道]0道0道1道[something]一、“金三句”解读1．猜测词所在句：从近几年高考来看，猜测词所在句往往很长，信息量大，是猜测词义的最关键句。2．猜测词的前后句：如果猜测词所在句信息量不足，其前一句和后一句往往为猜测词义提供关键信息。如果是代词指代题，则只关注前一句或者前两句即可。3．最后根据上下文语境、逻辑关系、解释关系、构词法等解题。二、“金三句”解题技巧技巧1利用逻辑关系猜测词义阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义，对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。答题时要留意逻辑关系词，分析句子间的逻辑关系。真题示例2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读CInthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto．30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.【图解技巧】【解题分析】依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。根据画线词上文“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago”可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们能理解的时刻。故选A。技法2利用解释关系猜测词义在做阅读理解题目时，利用解释关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。答题时要关注定义、举例、定语从句、同位语从句等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。真题示例2024·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读DGiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI­poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill­intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.【图解技巧】【解题分析】Inthewronghands后的“suchabookcouldotheunderstandable”和下一句“Shewritesfrom...willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.”都是对Inthewronghands的进一步解释说明。由语境可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C。技法3利用构词法猜测词义利用构词法不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以建议考生在做题时，遇到可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。真题示例2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou....Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter．Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear­up. B．Add­on.C．Check­in. D．Take­over.【图解技巧】【解题分析】观察单词declutter含有前缀de­，前缀de­表示“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境，根据画线词后面的“stepawayfrom”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。故选A。技法4利用“就近原则法”解代词指代题代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词或指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候，可以利用就近原则，结合语境找出语意相关的名词、词组或句子等。真题示例2024·浙江1月卷阅读BWhenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay.B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa.D．Thetelephonebox.【图解技巧】【解题分析】根据代词指代的特点，顺着画线词往前找。由上一句“Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“mytinyoldsharedhouse(我的小旧合租房)”。故选B。A(2025·太原高三模拟)Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood，andthere'sadecentchancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbethe“naturalflavor”．Theingredientsoundsgood，particularlyincontrastto“artificialflavors”．Butwhatexactlydoesthenaturalflavormean？Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfromnaturalsourceslikeplants，meatorseafood.Whenconsumersseethe“naturalflavor”onalabel，theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneissqueezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottles.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavorsmustcomefromnaturalsources，itneedn'tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample，orangeflavorsmightcontainnotonlyorangeextracts，butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded，whynotjustuseoranges？Theanswercomesdownto“availability，costandsustainability”，accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou'regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda，”Reinecciussays，“youdon'thaveanygrapesforwinemaking；theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitant；besides，whatdoyoudowiththeby­productsyoucreateafteryou'vesqueezedallthejuiceoutofthegrapes？”Actually，whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple：marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles，”saysPlatkin，professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier，thoughthey'renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforestclear­cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretransparentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalorartificialflavorsare，soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“naturalflavors”．Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance：“Don'tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’．Buyitbecauseyoulikeit.”1．Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.B．Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.C．Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.D．Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Popular. B．Expensive.C．Durable. D．Innovative.3．Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?A．Tocutthecosts.B．Topromotethesales.C．Toadvocateahealthydiet.D．Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．GaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.B．Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Customersaremisledforignoringlabelsonpackaging.D．Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.B(2025·沈阳高三质检)InmywholelifeIwasfrightenedbydoctors.SowhenIrecentlylaunchedaseriesofwritingandpublishingcourses,Iwasshockedtofindamongmystudentsseveralphysicians,thesameprofessionasmyfather.Andtheyallwantedtobewriters.Wheneversomeonementionedtheirmedicalbackground,I'dthinkIhadtocallDadtotellhim,butIcouldn't.RaisedupinabigMichiganfamilywiththreebrilliantloudsciencebrainbrothers,I'dalwaysfeltleftoutbytheirDiseaseGameatdinner,whereDadthrewoutcasesforthemtodiagnose.Ourhousewastheirlaboratory.Iwasfrequentlyscaredbybeesinjarsintherefrigeratorandpetrats.GettingtostudymedicinewasalwaysDad'sdream,soheencouragedtheboystofollowinhisfootsteps.ButInevertrulysettleddown,chasingmydreamforliteraryhereandthere.Myfatheropposedmyliberalism.IwasoverjoyedwhenRandomHousepublishedmyhumorousmemoirs(回忆录)aboutmypastaddictions.Myfatherwasn'tsojoyful.“You'rebringingdisgraceonourfamily，”hesnapped.At87,whenmyfatherwasadmittedtohospitalwithheartandkidneyfailure,wehadarareafternoonalone.Sittingbyhisbed,Iapologizedfortakingsolongtofigureoutmylife.“Ihavealotofregrets，”hesaid.“Ittookmetoolongtomakeadecentliving,screwingupjobsbecauseofmybullheadednessandbigmouth.”IwasnervouswhenhisphysicianOlafemailedme,butitwasn'tbadnews.“Yourdadsaysyou'reaprofessorwhohelpspeoplepublish.Couldyouhelpme？”heasked.“WhatdidyoutellOlafaboutme？”IquestionedDadthatnight,stillsurprised.“Thatyoustucktoyourgunsandbecameasuccess，”hesaid.“Whydidn'tyouevertellmethat？”“I'mtellingyounow，”hesaid.HewaspleasedwhenIhelpedOlafpublishhisfirstmagazinepiece.IwishDadwereheresoIcouldsharethelateststoriesofmyphysicianstudents.ButIlosthimfouryearsago.Inaway,hestillishere,asIchanneleverythinghetaughtmeabouthardwork,andnevergivingupdoingwhatyoulove.5．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sbrothers?A．Theyusedtomakeloudnoise.B．Theywereaddictedtoplayinggames.C．Theywereinterestedinmedicine.D．Theydistancedtheauthoronpurpose.6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“screwingup”probablymean?A．Takingover. B．Focusingon.C．Contributingto. D．Messingup.7．WhydidDadrecommendtheauthortoOlaf?A．TohelpOlafpublisharticles.B．Todiscusshisphysicalcondition.C．Topromotetheauthor'scourses.D．Tosharetheauthor'smemoirs.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sdad?A．Enthusiasticbutdishonest.B．Modestbutdemanding.C．Conservativebutloving.D．Helpfulbutselfish.参考答案：[语篇解读]本文是议论文，主要介绍了人们在购物的时候往往会选择天然香精而不是人造香精，认为天然香精一定比人造香精要好。可是专家建议消费者不要被天然香精所误导，要去买自己喜欢的。1.D[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood...Theingredientsoundsgood，particularlyincontrastto‘artificialflavors’”可知，消费者在看食物成分表的时候，看到含有天然香精字样时会认为食品好，尤其是和人造香精对比。再根据第一段的最后一句“Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade”可知，大家认为天然香精一定比人造香精要安全，这不是真的。故选D项。A项“天然香精来自100%的天然水果”；B项“它只是广告的手段”；C项“它肯定含有在实验室里的提取物”；D项“它肯定要比添加人造香精的果汁更安全”。]2.B[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“Theanswercomesdownto‘availability，costandsustainability’”可知，原因分为三个部分。本段中“youdon'thaveanygrapesforwinemaking；”对应的是“availability”；“theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitant；”对应的是“cost”；“whatdoyoudowiththeby­products...thegrapes？”对应的是“sustainability”。只有B项可以说明成本。durable“耐用的，持久的”；innovative“创新的”。]3.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple：marketing”可知，公司使用天然香精是为了营销。故选B项。“Topromotethesales”是marketing的同义转换。]4.D[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier，thoughthey'renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewitha