2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（北师版）-任务8　三类题对应法-解“主旨大意题”

任务8三类题对应法——解“主旨大意题”主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，考生需要从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词，并对主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类：段落大意题、主题归纳题和标题判断题。近几年高考的设问形式：段落大意题2024·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout？2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout？2023·全国乙卷阅读D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout？主题归纳题2024·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?标题判断题2024·全国甲卷阅读B27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?类型1段落大意题——主题句推断法段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。解段落大意题时，可以采用“主题句推断法”。通常根据段落的组织形式快速找出段落主题句，从而归纳段落大意。真题示例2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读DThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors，thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.[总]Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate，andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether，theycanceleachotherout，resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors，thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons，people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent，theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.[分]32．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.【解题分析】本段是总分结构。第一句是主题句(群体智慧效利用了人们所估算的误差不尽相同这一事实)，后面内容进行了详细阐述并得出结论(当足够多的误差被平均时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得出更为准确的估算)。由此可知，该段主要介绍了群体智慧效应的基本逻辑。故选B。类型2主题归纳题——主题句定位法＋段意串联法1．主题句定位法(1)据文体类别定位主题句(2)据行文标志定位主题句2．段意串联法在解主题归纳题时，通常要通篇考虑，以宏观的视角阅读文章。此时可以采用“段意串联法”，根据首尾段及中间各段主旨句“抽”出文章的骨架，快速提炼文章的主旨。在快速串联时，一定要略读，不关注细枝末节，而是重点读首段、各段主旨句和尾段，即eq\x(首段)→eq\x(第一段主旨句)→eq\x(第二段主旨句)→……→eq\x(尾段)真题示例2024·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C(1)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney，BabylonMicro­Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(2)BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally，itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital，restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.(3)Specifically，it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud，BMFisremotelymonitored.Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre­seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.(4)Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition，there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.(5)BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle­useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF'smajorstrengths.B．BMF'sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF'sglobalinfluence.D．BMF'stechnicalstandards.第一段主题句：虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至能让旅程更短。第二段主题句：这一创新的设计不需要多少努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿色蔬菜的供应。第三段主题句：该系统不是浇灌一排排的土壤，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。第四段主题句：同一栋建筑里实现食物供应和食用，意味着将土地里的植物送上餐桌变成沙拉这一过程实现了零排放。第五段主题句：我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。【解题分析】此题可利用主题句定位法解题。找出每段的主题句(文中标黑处)。根据这些主题句可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的一些主要优势。故选A。类型3标题归纳题——运用“3特征和4方法”定最佳标题1．三大最佳标题特征概括性准确而又简洁，一般为单词、短语或短小的句子针对性标题内涵和外延正好与文章内容相符醒目性语言精练有吸引力，能吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者的阅读欲望2.四大实用解题方法关键词法多次重复的观点中反复出现的词就是体现主旨的关键词主题句法根据文章主题句，确定中心词，提炼标题穿珠连串法分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题逆向法根据四个选项，考虑其可能的内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项真题示例2024·浙江1月卷阅读DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat，selectedbythechild，wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat，theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow­upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We'renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats，butbyourcomputers，phones，andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie­poorworld，andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe'vereshapedtheworldaroundus，dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories，westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago，andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn'teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation­poor，soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore，justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption，wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption，resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater,theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrown­ups本文主题句：斯坦福棉花糖测试最初是由心理学家沃尔特·米舍尔在20世纪60年代末进行的。本文关键段落：作为成年人，我们每天都要面对一种棉花糖测试。我们不是被含糖食品所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有连接我们到全球传输系统的各种信息，就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的诱惑一样。我们被甜食所诱惑，因为我们的祖先生活在一个低热量的世界，我们的大脑对这些能反映自己价值的食物产出了一种反应机制——一种奖励和满足感。本文总结：我们对信息的反应也有类似的过程。【解题分析】本题可以通过主题句法解题。由首段主旨句和后文各段主旨句可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。A(2025·杭州高三质检)Educationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035，themainfunctionofeducationsystemsistosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080，thepurposeofeducationisthewell­beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou，Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild'seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13，andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens，inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisthelifelongpursuit.Everyyear，Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentive“teacher­citizen”．Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedastheessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal，andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged(充分利用)asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally：BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080：whatdoesitlooklike，whodoesitserve，andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A．Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.B．Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.C．Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.D．Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.2．WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?A．Itacceptsstudentsofallages.B．Itpromotescompetition.C．Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning.D．Itisallaboutplay­basedlearning.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inParagraph3mean?A．Tough. B．Satisfactory.C．Optional. D．Required.4．Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnExampletoAllB．AVisionforEducationC．AChallengeforEducationD．AJourneyintotheFutureB(2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研)Bythelate1960s,abstractpainterHaroldCohenhadrepresentedBritainatimportantfestivalswithhisoilpaintingsandbeenseekinganewchallenge.“Maybetherearemoreinterestingthingsgoingonoutsidemystudiothaninsideit，”hethought.Cohenturnedfromthecanvas(画布)tothescreen,usingcomputerstofindnewwaysofcreatingart.Inthelate1960s,hecreatedaprogramthathenamedAARON.Itwasthefirstartificialintelligencesoftwareintheworldoffineart,andCohenfirstpresentedAARONin1974attheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.AARON'sworkhassincegracedmuseumsfromTateModerninLondontotheSanFranciscoMuseumofModernArt.Now,withAIdominatingtheheadlines,anewexhibitionatNewYork'sWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt,“HaroldCohen：AARON”，runningthroughJune2024,drawsattentiontoCohen'spioneeringwork.TheWhitneyisofferingsomethingdeeperthanmostpreviousAARONexhibits：areal­timeexperience,inwhichvisitorscanwatchthesoftwareproduceart.CohenseededAARONwithallsortsofknowledge：aboutbasicobjects,physics,andfundamentaltechniquesofdrawing.AARONusesthisknowledgetofollowinstructions,completetasks,andmakedecisionslikehumanbeings—averydifferentapproachfromtoday'sgenerativeAIartprograms,whichdon'tdrawfromscratch(从头开始)butratherrelyondatabasesofimages.VersionsofAARONstillgenerateoutput,butanythingdoneafterCohen'sdeathin2016isnotconsideredgenuine.TheWhitneyisshowcasingtwoversionsofCohen'ssoftware,alongwiththeartthateachproducedbeforeCohendied.The2001version,AARONKCAT,generatesimagesoffiguresandplantsandprojectsthemontoawallmorethantenfeethigh,whilethe2007versionproducesjungle­likescenes.Thesoftwarewillalsocreateartphysically,onpaper,forthefirsttimesincethe1990s.“Itisabsolutelythrilling，”saidChristianePaul,themuseum'sdirectorofdigitalart,“tohaveoneofthoseremarkabletreasuresofdigitalartinthecollection.”5．WhatwasAARONbornoutof?A．Cohen'scuriosity.B．Themuseum'sdonation.C．Cohen'simagination.D．Theuniversity'ssupport.6．WhatmakesAARONdifferentfrommodernAIartprograms?A．Itsabilitytoassigntasks.B．Itsuseofmoderntechniques.C．Itscapabilitytomakechoices.D．Itsdependenceonexistingdatabases.7．Whatcanvisitorsdointhe“HaroldCohen：AARON”exhibition?A．Seetheoriginal1960sversionofAARON.B．GenerateimageswiththehelpofAARON.C．Learnaboutthephysicalrulesinart.D．ObserveAARONcreatingartonthespot.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Themasterpiecesofdigitalart.B．Anewshowoftheartworld'sfirstAI.C．ThelatesttechnologiesintheWhitney.D．HaroldCohen'simpactongenerativeAI.参考答案：[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过虚构人物Shemsy向读者展示2080年的教育是什么样子的，并引发读者思考自己眼中的2080年的教育是什么样子的。1.D[段落大意题。根据第一段的中心句“Educationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s”可知，2080年的教育和现在很不同；再结合第一段中的“Untilabout2035，themainfunctionofeducationsystems...In2080，thepurposeofeducationisthewell­beingofsocietyandallitsmembers”可知，本段主要讲未来的教育目标和现在截然不同，故D项正确。A项“教育有不同的类型”；B项“目前的教育需要改进”；C项“教育和经济密切相关”；D项“未来教育的目标完全不同”。]2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘LearningHubs’thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens，inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisthelifelongpurs