【英语】50套高中英语阅读理解及解析

【英语】50套高中英语阅读理解及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲)isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome(基因组)andfindout,

Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?A.

Onionsnearby.

B.

Twogenecopies.C.

Rotteningredientsinit.

D.

Volatilesulfurcompounds.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?A.

Developed.

B.

Escaped.

C.

Predicted.

D.

Tolerated.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.

Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.

B.

Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.C.

Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.

D.

Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.

What'sDurian?

B.

TheInfluenceoftheSmellC.

TheDistributionofDurian

D.

TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved是同义词。故选A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?

Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?

Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.

Onegreatirony(讽刺)aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."

Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陈词滥调的)advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:Believeyouaresomeoneelse.

Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.

Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.

Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.

Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A.

Toleadinthetopic.

B.

Tomakeacomparison.C.

Tostateanopinion.

D.

Toaskafavor.（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves

A.

creativityisanindividualcharacteristic

B.

librariansaremorecreativethanpoetsC.

ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity

D.

yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause

.A.

itisanactofunconsciousfocus

B.

certainbrainareasbegintoacttogetherC.

peopleareinastateoflaziness

D.

allactorsemploythistechnique（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto

.A.

focusonaspecifictask

B.

believeinyourowntalentC.

pretendtobesomeoneelse

D.

turntoberight-brained【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念­­心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的­­有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为­­是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是"环境和视角的产物"。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陈词滥调的)advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:Believeyouaresomeoneelse.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(万亿)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”

ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies－regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio－learnednothing.（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?A.

HavingahigherIQ.

B.

Experiencingnewinformation.C.

Thebaby'earlyage.

D.

Theconnectionwithotherbabies.（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?A.

Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.B.

Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.C.

Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.D.

Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.

Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.B.

Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.C.

Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.D.

Wordshavedifferentsounds.（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?A.

Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.B.

Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.C.

Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.D.

Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlysensory(感官的)retailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.

NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierthisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender(薰衣草)wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn't.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.AnearlierstudyusingNikeshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredtheshoesmore,andwerewillingtopaymore,whentheroomhadamixedsmellofflowers.Realizingthesubconsciousimpactofsmell,manystoresapplyartificialscents(气味)throughtheirheatingandair-conditioningvents(通风口)orplacescentmachinesabovetheirdoors.Forinstance,acoconutscentmightmakethatbikinimoreappealingasyoulongforavacation.

Everfeltfrenziedduetoastore'sfast-pacedmusic?Orcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?Aretailer'schoiceofmusiccanhaveabigimpactonconsumers'moods.Onestudyfoundthatwhensubjectedtoloudmusic,consumerswillspendlesstimeinastore.Butinterestingly,theresearchersdidnotfindadifferenceinsalesorcustomers'satisfaction.Anotherinterestingfindingfromarecentstudywasthatcustomersactuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.Justasdepartmentstoresusedifferentscentsincertaindepartments,manyusedifferentmusicinsomeareastoappealtovaryingconsumers.

Well,youcouldalwaysleavethestoreandtakeabreak,butthefoodcourtprobablyisn'tyourbestchoicesasbrandslikeCinnabonandPaneraBreadalsousescentsaspartoftheircustomers'experience.Onlineretailers(零售商)useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,butyoucanalwaysneglectthoseandenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（1）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.

consumers'favoritesoundsandsmellswhileshoppingB.

shoppingmalls'strategiesforsatisfyingconsumersC.

somespecialservicesfromsupershoppingmallsD.

twofactorsaffectingconsumers'shoppingdecisions（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.

Decoratingstoreswithflowersbecomesafashion.B.

Shopswithspecialsmellscanattractmoreconsumers.C.

Smellscanactuallyhelpbusinessmengainmoreprofits.D.

Theproductswithakindofspecialsmellaremorepopular.（3）Howdoesmusichaveaneffectonconsumers?A.

Itcontrolsconsumers'desireforshopping.B.

Itinfluenceshowlongconsumersstayinashop.C.

Itgivesconsumersthesatisfactionofenjoyingshopping.D.

Whetherconsumersarewillingtobuythingsdependsonit.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“frenzied”inParagraph3?A.

Satisfied.

B.

Depressed.

C.

Surprised.

D.

Excited.（5）Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.

Onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularnowadays.B.

Peopleshouldspendmoretimeathomewithfamilymembers.C.

Peoplecanchoosetogetridofsalesmen'spromotionstrategies.D.

Smellsandsoundsareimportantforconsumers'shoppingexperience.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D（5）C【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。（1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的Onestudyfoundthatwhensubjectedtoloudmusic,consumerswillspendlesstimeinastore…Anotherinterestingfindingfromarecentstudywasthatcustomersactuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。（4）词义猜测题。A.Satisfied满意的；B.Depressed沮丧的；C.Surprised吃惊的；D.Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Orcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Onlineretailers(零售商)useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,butyoucanalwaysneglectthoseandenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.

Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.（1）Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.A.

peoplehaveunlimitedself-control

B.

highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.

willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted

D.

toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure（2）Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.

makeuseof

B.

runoutof

C.

build

D.

increase（3）Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.A.

toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.

toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.

toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.

toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control（4）Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.

"Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."

B.

"Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C.

"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."

D.

"Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出"tapinto"指利用，与makeuseof同义。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解Time:2017-01-24

From:

Editor:clover

TheheadofChina'slargestonlinesellerAlibabadoesnotthinkChinaandtheUnitedStateswillhaveatradewardespitecommentsfromtheTrumpadministration.

JackMaisthechairmanoftheAlibabaGroup.AttheWorldEconomicForummeetinginDavos,Switzerland,hesaid,"Chinaand(the)U.S.willneverhaveatradewar.GiveTrumpsometime.He'sopen-minded,he'slistening."

TheChinesebillionairesaidhewoulddoallhecouldtopreventtraderelationsbetweenthecountriesfromgettingworse.

Lastweek,MametwithTrumpattheTrumpTowerinNewYorkCity.TheChinesebillionaireissaidtohavediscussedaplantopermitonemillionsmallU.S.businessestosellgoodsonAlibaba'sonlineshoppingplatform.

Duringthecampaignandafterwinningthepresidentialelection,TrumpstronglycriticizedtheChinesegovernment'ssupportforitsbusinesses.HeblamedunfairtradepoliciesfortakingawayU.S.jobs.AndhesaidthatChinaunfairlycontrolstheexchangevalueofitscurrency,theyuan.

TrumpalsohasthreatenedtoplaceimporttaxesongoodsfromChinaandothercountriesinresponsetotheirtradepolicies.

AccordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost,Masaid,"Americaninternationalcompaniesmademillionsandmillionsofdollarsfromglobalization."HeaddedthattheU.S.shouldnotblamethelossofjobsandcompaniesonglobalization.

However,anewstudybyanAmericanbusinessgroupsaysmanyU.S.businessesfeelunwelcomeinChina.ThecompaniessaythecostofdoingbusinessinChinaisincreasing.Theyaddthatrulesandregulationsareunclearornotenforcedinaconsistentway.

TheAmericanChamberofCommerceinChinaledthestudy,whichlookedatresponsesfrom462companies.

WilliamZaritischairmanofthechamber.HesaystradepoliciesinChinamakeitdifficultforAmericancompanies.Hesays,"wefeelthatoverthelastfewyearsthatwe'vebeentakenadvantageoftosomeextent,withouropenmarketandthelackofopenareasintheChinesemarket."

AnothermajorconcernforU.S.companiesinChinaisfakeproducts.Fakeproductsarecopiesoftheoriginalsthatcostbusinesseswiththelegalrighttosellthemmillionsofdollarseachyear.

MadefendedAlibaba'seffortstofightfakeproductsonitsshoppingplatform.Hesaidhiscompanyisdoingallitcantofighttheproblem.

"Fightingagainstfakeproductsisawaragainsthumangreediness,"Masaid.

I'mMarioRitter.（1）Theunderlinephrase“TheChinesebillionaire”refersto________.A.

Trump

B.

JackMa

C.

MarioRitter

D.

WillianZarit（2）Thetextlikelytakefromthe________.A.

economicmagazine

B.

tradespeech

C.

website

D.

globalnews（3）Aboutthispassage,themostsuitabletitleis“________”.A.

ChineseBillionaireDoesNotSeeChina-USTradeWarB.

TheAmericaninternationalcompaniesremovedmosttariffsonproductstradedbetweentheU.SandChinaC.

GroupsaysAmericanbusinessesinChinaconcernedD.

Thewaraboutfightingagainstfakeproducts【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管川普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之间的贸易关系恶化。(1)推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，划线词提到的“TheChinesebillionaire”指JackMa，即阿里巴巴集团董事长马云，故选B。(2)推理判断题。根据文章开头Time:2017-01-24

From:

Editor:clover及文章的时效性可知，此文来自网站，故选C。(3)主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管川普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之间的贸易关系恶化。A项能概括全文，故选A。【点评】考查新闻报道类短文阅读。7．阅读理解

ResortsofeverykindhavesprunguptocatertotheEnglishmanneedtospendapartoftheyear,howeverbriefly,bytheseaside.NotowninBritainismorethaneightymilesfromtheseaandthereareseasideresortsallaroundthecoast.OnasummerSundaymostoftheroadsthatleadtotheseaaxecongestedwithcarsfullofpeopleeagertogetabreathofseaair.Intheevening