阅读理解词义猜测题-2024年高考英语专练（新高考专用）（原卷版）

重难点02阅读理解词义猜测题

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型，可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语

或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题

中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。

平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。

预计2024年高考词义猜测题仍旧占比01题。

近3年新高考词义猜测题数据分析

＞考点一：单词或短语意义猜测

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上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的

推测。可利用下列方法：

(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现

其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时

可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构

词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。

(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。

(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but,however,otherwise等可知上下句存

在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。

(6)根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该

词的词义。线索词such...assuch...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。

＞考点二：猜测代替词所替代的内容

就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助

动词(do,does,did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词一向上(有时向下)搜索，

找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子一将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否

通顺，从而确定最佳选项。

＞考点三：句意猜测题

意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：

(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的

前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。

(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。

典例一

（2023年新高考I卷C篇）

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldechitten

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clearup.B.Addon.C.Checkin.D.Takeover.

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典例二

（2023•年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject一the

book,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereader

appearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists9

representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,9,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebook

asafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描绘）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

.限时检测

（建议用时：8分钟/篇）

1.（2023•山东德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Whilemanyanimalpopulationsseemtodwindle,one

speciesthatismovingintheoppositedirectionofsuchlossisAmerica'snativewildlife-woodstork.

ThewoodstorkistheonlystorkthatbreedsinNorthAmerica.In1984,itwasdeclaredanendangered

speciesafteritspopulationdecreasedsharplytojust5,000matingpairs.Atthetime,scientistspredictedthatthe

birdwouldbeepletelyextinctby2000.Today,itnumbers10,000matingpairs,andtheFishandWildlifeService

isproposingadelistingofthewoodstorkasanendangeredspecies.Sohowdidthepopulationbounceback?

Thesuccessisinpartdowntotheresourcefulnessofthewoodstork.Thewoodstork'snativehomewasin

theEvergladesinFlorida,butitmigratednorthastheEvergladeswerebeingdestroyedbydevelopmentof

mankind.Wetlandpreservationandrestoration,protectionofnestingareas,andmanagementofwaterflowsbegan

withtheapprovalofthewoodstork'sfirstrecoveryplanin1986.Inthefollowingyear,formerSavannahCoastal

RefugesbiologistJohnRobinettenoticedstorknestsinGeorgiaasstorkpopulationsmovedtosaferwetlands.

AccordingtoStephanieKurose,aseniorpolicyspecialistattheCentreforBiologicalDiversity,the

EndangeredSpeciesActisalsotothankforthisrecovery.Shesaid,“Theactsavedthewoodstorkandithelped

preserveandrebuildvitalhabitatsthroughoutthesoutheast,whichhasimprovedwaterqualityandbenefited

countlessotherspecieswhocalltheareahome.""TheEndangeredSpeciesActhassaved99percentofthe

speciesthatwereonthelistsince1973.Ahundredtypesofplantsandanimalshavebeendelistedastheir

populationsbeestableagain.

Ifthewoodstorkisdelisted,itwillremainprotectedbyotherlawsandamonitoringplanwillbeputinplace

toensurethepopulationremainsstable.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddwindleprobablymean?

A.Boost.B.Change.C.Decline.D.Explode.

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2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoodstorkinparagraphtwo?

A.Itspopulationshowsarisingtrend.B.Ithasbeepletelyextinct.

C.Itiswidelydistributedworldwide.D.Itisthemostendangeredspecies.

3.Whatthreatenedthepopulationofthewoodstock?

A.ClimatechangeofEarth.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Impactofhumanactivities.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

4.WhatisadirectresultoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct?

A.Peoplehavesaferwatertodrink.B.Alistofspecieshavebeensaved.

C.Thelocaleconomyhasboomed.D.Thewoodstockhasflownaway.

2.(2023-广东东莞,东莞实验中学校考一模)ChatGenerativePretrainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdby

openAI,anAIandresearchpany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyouto

havehumanlikeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestions,and

assistyouwithtaskssuchasposingemails,essaysandcode.

ChatGPTispoweredbyalargelanguagemodel,orLLM,meaningit'sprogrammedtounderstandhuman

languageandgenerateresponsesbasedonalargeamountofdata.WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressiveisits

abilitytologcontextfromuser'searliermessagesinathreadanduseittoformresponseslaterinthe

conversation.

AccordingtoanalysisbySwissbankUBS,ChatGPTisthefastestgrowingupappofalltime.InJanuary,

onlytwomonthsafteritslaunch,UBSanalysisestimatesthatChatGPThad100millionactiveusers.Forparison,

ittookninemonthsforTikToktoreach100million.

Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhaslimitations.Insteadofaskingforclarificationon

ambiguousquestions,themodeljusttakesaguessatwhatyourquestionmeans.t6Theprimaryproblemisthatthe

answersthatChatGPTproduceshaveahighrateofbeingincorrect,9,saysStackOverflowmoderatorsinapost.

Criticsarguethatthesetoolsarejustverygoodatputtingwordsintoanorderthatmakessensefromastatistical

pintofview,buttheycannotunderstandthemeaningorknowwhetherthestatementsitmakesarecorrect.

AnothermajorlimitationisthatChatGPT'sdataislimitedto2021.

ChatGPTisanadvancedchatbotthathasthepotentialtomakepeople'sliveseasierandtoassistwith

everydaytiringtasks,suchaswritinganemailorhavingtonavigatethewebforanswers.However,thereare

certaintechnicaldetailsthathavetobefiguredoutbeforeit'swidelyused,topreventnegativeoutessuchasthe

spreadofmisinformation.Ingeneral,thisAImodelreliesonlotsoftrainingandfinetuningtoreachalevelof

idealperformance.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPTfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whatitspotentialmarketis.B.Itisdevelopedjointlybytwopanies.

C.Whyitenjoysgreatpopularity.D.ItisaconversationalAItool.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword4tit,9referto?

A.Context.B.ChatGPT5sability.C.Athread.D.LLM.

7.WhatisalimitationofChatGPT?

A.Lowefficiency.B.Disorderedwords.

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C.Pooraccuracy.D.Frequentcrashes.

8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoChatGPT?

A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Satisfied.

3.（2023•广东广州•统考二模）Thebestideasareoftensosmart,sosimpleandsoclearlyneeded;ifsstrange

todiscovertheydon'talreadyexist.SoitiswithFarmMySchool,aprogramthafsturningunderusedlandat

secondaryschoolsintomerciallyachievable,regenerativemarketgardensfarmedbyandforlocalmunities.

CofoundedbypermaculturistBenShawandregenerativeeducatorJamesMcLennan,FarmMySchool

connectslocalpeopleandorganizationsthroughvolunteeringthathelpsestablishaschool'smarketgarden.

Studentslearnaboutmunitynetworks,healthyeating,ecologicalresponsibility,wastereductionandclimaterelief

whilehelpingwithfoodproduction.Schoolsintegratealltheseintotheircourseswhileproducingvegetableboxes

everyweekthatfeedlocalfamilies,supplytheschooFsfoodneedsandultimatelypaythefarmer^salary.

FarmMySchoolhasgainedtheextraordinaryenthusiasmofthelocals,whoansweredanonlineshoutoutto

buyticketstotheprogram'slauncheventatBellSecondarySchoollastOctober.CalledBuildAFarminaDay

Festival,theeventfeaturedworkshopsbyBenandJamestosharetheskillsrequiredtobuildwhattheysayisthe

world'slargestnodiggarden.4tItwassuchapowerfulevent,andIthinkthatesdowntopeoplewantingtoact

now,“saysJames."Wechargedfortheexperienceand600guysturnedup!Theydidn'tevenneedfreedrinksto

getexcited.Weweregardeningtillmidnight.Itwasamazing.We'vegottruemunitybuyin.”

Volunteershavesincebegunbeneficialplantingthroughouttheschool.Nextstepsincludefurtherdiscussions

withlocalmunities,employingafarmer,andbringinginateachertodevelopcourses."We'veseenthishugepush

towardsseeingschoolsasregenerativespaces,notjustforplantingbutforkidstobemoreconnectedtothe

outsideworld,andreallyseeingtheschoolinawholenewlight,“Jamessays.t6Forus,thebigexcitementisthat

byallowingaprofessionalfarmertotaketheresponsibilityofgrowingfood,it'snotonlyontheschooltolook

afterthatfarmanymore,whicheventuallymakesitmuchmoresustainable,"addsBen.

9.WhywasFarmMySchoolfounded?

A.Toraisetheineofthelocalpeople.

B.Toadvocateamercialfarmingplan.

C.Toprovidefreefoodforlocalmunities.

D.Toturnunderusedcampuslandintomarketgardens.

10.Howdoschoolsinvolvestudentsintotheprogram?

A.Bydevelopingprogrambasedcourses.

B.Byorganizingvoluntaryworkinmunities.

C.Byofferingthemparttimejobsinthemarketgardens.

D.Byencouragingthemtoproducedailyvegetableboxes.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buyin“meaninparagraph3?

A.petition.

B.Investment.

C.Support.

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D.Protection.

12.WhatisthehighlightoftheprogramaccordingtoBen?

A.Itbringsinmoneytosupporttheschool.

B.Theschoolfarmwillbeabletolastlong.

C.Thelocalpeoplewilltakecareofthefarm.

D.Studentsconnectmorewiththeoutsideworld.

4.（2023•湖南郴州•校联考模拟预测）WhentheGreatBackyardBirdCount（GBBC）beganlastFriday,Steve

andJanetKistlerofHartCounty,Kentucky,joinedin.They'vedonesoeveryyearsincethenowglobaltradition

began25yearsago.

ForMoiraDalibor,whoteachesmathataschool,thiswasthefirstcount.Sheledagroupofstudentsand

parentstoanarboretum（植物园）foranexerciseindatagathering.Theywereamonghundredsofthousandsof

peoplearoundtheworldcountingandrecordingoverfourdays.Lastyear,about385,000peoplefrom192

countriestookpartintheGBBC.

ThisglobaldatagoesintotheeBirddatabaseusedbyscientistsforresearchonbirdpopulations,whichhave

declinedsharplyoverallinpastdecades.It'spartofarisein“citizenscience^^projectsinwhichvolunteerscollect

dataaboutthenaturalworldforusebyresearchers.

ManybirdwatchersuseeBirdyearround,andithascollectedhugeamountsofdata——oftenbetween1

millionand2millionbirdchecklistsamonthfromaroundtheworldinthepastcoupleofyears,saysBecca

RodomskyBish,theproject9sleaderattheCornellLabofOrnithology,inIthaca,NewYork."Observingbirdsisa

goodwaytoconnectwiththenaturalworld.Birdsareeverywhere.Youdon'thavetoleaveyourhouse.Theywill

e.Andthey'recharismaticbecausethey'refunandinterestingtowatch.^^

Thisishowitworks:Participantswatchbirds,whetherthatmeanslookingoutofthewindowfor15minutes

ortakingalongertriptoanaturearea.OrganizersremendtheMerlinbirdIDapptodistinguishbirdsbysize,

shape,songorothercharacteristics.Manyparticipantsalsocarryfieldguidesandbinoculars（双筒望远镜）along

withtheirphones.TheythenenterthefindingsintotheeBirdapp.Thosenumbershelpresearcherstracktheups

anddownsofvariousspecies,whichthenhelpdeterminethedirectionofconservationefforts.

DaliborpreparedherclasseswithinformationaboutlocalspeciesandpracticedwiththeMerlinapp.Thekids

recordedbirdsightingswithpencilsanddrawingboards,andparentvolunteersenteredthosenumbersonphones.

13.WhydidDaliborleadherstudentstoanarboretum?

A.Todoexerciseforhealth.B.Toobservedifferentplants.

C.Topracticetheirmathskills.D.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charismatic“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Attractive.B.Beautiful.C.Rare.D.Shy.

15.WhatcanpeopleusetheMerlinbirdIDapptodo?

A.Torecordtheirfindings.B.Toidentifydifferentbirds.

C.Tohelpdeterminethebirds'habitat.D.Totracktheupsanddownsofvariousspecies.

16.Whafsthebesttitleofthetext?

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A.GreatBackyardBirdCount:astrangeactivity

B.Watchingbirdscontributestostudents'education

C.MoiraDalibor:apioneerandresponsibleteacher

D.GreatBackyardBirdCountshowspowerofcitizenscience

5.（2023•广东江门•新会陈经纶中学校考三模）SalvadorDali（19041989）wasoneofthemostpopularof

modemartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerful

personalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongthe

worksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceof

Memory.ThereisalsoUEnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreen

andselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartisfsshowmanqualities.

ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.The

exhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.

TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities（无限）."Fromtheinfinitysmallto

theinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioninginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowy

BaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseumtheatreinFigueras,“explainsthePompidouCentre.

ThefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecooperationwiththeMuseoNationalReinaSofiain

Madrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg.

17.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Optimistic.B.ProductiveC.Generous.D.Traditional.

18.WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?

A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessful,screenadaptation.

C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.

19.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?

A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.

C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject.

20.Whatdoestheword“contributions“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Creations.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

6.（2023•广东广州,广州市协和中学校考一模）WhatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazon

rainforest-theworld'slargestrainforest?AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazon

rainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldata

from1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandother

areas.Suchlinksarecalled“teleconnections（遥相关）

TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandas

aclimatic“tippingpoint（临界点）“thatcouldseeforeststurntotropicalgrasslandsbeyondacertainlimitof

warmingandhumandrivendeforestation.

Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonwasassociatedwithwarm

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temperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;morerainfallintheAmazonwasrelevant

tolessrainfallinthoseregions.

ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywere

alsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremight

propagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuture

warmingcircumstances.

ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauis

not,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicethere

couldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater.

“IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazon

tippingpointmightsetothersoff',saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.

“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcan

21.Howdidthestudyidentifyteleconnections?

A.Byrecordingtemperatureandrainfall.

B.Byfindingthesimilaritiesbetweenregions.

C.Byexaminingpreviousdataonglobalclimate.

D.ByanalysingclimatologicaldataoftheAmazon.

22.Theunderlinedword“propagate“inparagraph5probablymeans"

A.spreadB.absorbC.launchD.switch

23.WhatJothansuggestsabouttheAmazon?

A.Itisnowatahigherriskofdisappearing.

B.Itindeedhasaneffectonthetworegions.

C.Deforestationiscausedbyhumanactivities.

D.Thetippingpointmightcauseachainreaction.

24.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ChangeswithintheAmazon.

B.TheAmazonatatippingpoint.

C.TheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

D.GlobalimpactsoftheAmazondeforestation.

7.（2023•江苏•统考模拟预测）OnanextremelycoldDecembernight,firetrucksarrivedinthesleepylittletown

ofManton,MichiganandshottoChittie9shome.Wasitbecauseofafireorachildclimbingtoohightoa

dangerousplace?Rather,itwasforhelpingmakeadreametrue.

Outdooractivitiesandaslowpaceoflifeareamainstayinthisruraltown.Whenpeoplewereunabletoleave

themunity,ScottChittiedecidedtheyneededasafeplacetoetogetherandsomethingjoyfulduringthewinter

months.Andwhatisabetteroutdooractivitytogetpeopleoutsidethaniceskating?

Tofulfilhisdream,Chittiedownloadedinstructionsonhowtobuildanicerinkandthenordereda3,000

squarefootwaterproofclothandsomewoodtocreatewallsonline.Ittook12firetruckstogetenoughwaterto

filltheplot.

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IttookalittletimeandsomeneighborlypersuasionasChittiewentdoortodoortoconvincepeopletoeto

seehiscreation,andsoonChittie'sbackyardicerinkbecameaMantonhotspot.Childrenwereskatingand

shooting,afirewasburning,andhotchocolatewassteamingintogocups."Whenthingsweretough,itwasa

place,“saysChittie9sneighborAudreyHooker."Itwasfantasticbecausewejustcametogetherandbecamecalm

andhappyinsteadofconcemed.^^

Butthegoodwilldidn'tstopwithChittie.Whenthemunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethis

projecthappen,everyonesteppedforward.Afundraiserbroughtinabout$1,300,andlettersfloodedtoChittie's

homestuffedwithcash."Almost30pletestrangersknockedonmydoortojustshakemyhandandsaythankyou,

mostofthemhandingmemoneyaswellandthreeaskingforahug,“saysChittie."Thishasbeenamunitything.

Ifsmorethanme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffortandthebestintentionscando.”

25.WhydidfiretrucksetoManton?

A.Todealwithanemergency.B.Tosendwatertothemunity.

C.Toensurepeople'ssafetyinthetown.D.TohelpwithChittiebuildingtheicerink.

26.WhatdidChittiedotocarryouthisproject?

A.Persuadehisneighborstomakedonations.B.Purchaseapieceoflandbehindhishouse.

C.TurntotheInternetfortipsandmaterials.D.ResearchthepopularlifestylesinManton.

27.Howdidtheicerinkaffectthemunity?

A.ItmadethemunitypopularinMantan.B.Itsloweddownthepaceoftheresidents?life.

C.Itofferedpeopletherefortandpany.D.Itinspiredtheresidentstodooutdooractivities.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?

A.Everyonecouldmakeadifferencetosociety.B.Chittiereceivedactsofkindnessfromothers.

C.Themunitygotbetterduetotheicerink.D.Chittiehadgoodwilltothewholemunity.

8.（2023•江苏南通•统考模拟预测）Otters（水獭）areknowntobeverysocialandintelligentcreatures,butanew

studybytheUniversityofExeterhasgivennewinsightintotheirintellect.

Researchersgaveotters"puzzleboxes（智力训I练箱）“，someofwhichcontainedfamiliarfood,whileothers

heldunfamiliarnaturalprey（猎物）一shorecrabandbluemussels,whichareprotectedbyhardoutershells.For

thefamiliarfood-meatballs,afavoritewiththeAsianshortclawedottersinthestudythescientistshadfive

differenttypesofboxes,andthemethodtoextract（提取）thefoodchangedineachversion,forexamplepullinga

taboropeningacap.Theunfamiliarfoodpresentedadditionalproblemsbecausetheottersdidnotknowifthe

crabandmusselsweresafetoeatandhadnoexperienceofgettingthemoutoftheirshells.

Inordertodecidewhetherfoodwassafeanddesirabletoeat,theotters,whichliveatNewquayzooandthe

TamarOtterandWildlifeCentre,watchedintently（专注地）astheirpanionsinspectedwhatwasintheboxesand

mimickedtheirbehavioriftheotherotterssampledthetreats.

However,theypreferredtospendmoretimetryingtofigureouthowtoremovethemeatfromtheshellson

theirownandreliedlessontheactionsoftheirpanions.Ofthe20ottersinthestudy,11managedtoextractthe

meatfromallthreetypesofnaturalprey.

“Muchoftheresearchintotheextractiveforaging（觅食）andlearningcapabilitiesofottershascenteredon

artificialfoodpuzzles,“saidtheleadauthor,AlexSaliveros,oftheCentreforEcologyandConservationon

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Exeter9sPenryncampusinCornwall."Here,wewereinterestedininvestigatingsuchskillsinthecontextof

unfamiliarnaturalfood,aswellasinrelationtoartificialfoodpuzzles."

Otheranimalsemploysociallearningtodecidewhatissafetoeat;rats,forexample,prefernovelfoodtypes

thattheyhavesmelledonthebreathofotherrats.

Scientistshopethatunderstandinghowotterscopewithunfamiliarforagedfoodintheirnaturalenvironment

canhelpthemtraintheanimalstosurviveinthewild.4tThecaptive（圈养的）ottersinthisstudyinitiallystruggled

withnaturalprey,buttheyshowedtheycanlearnhowtoextractthefood,“saidSaliveros.4aOurfindingssuggest

thatifyougiveoneotterprereleasetraining,itcanpasssomeofthatinformationontoothers.9,

29.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thepurposeoftheresearch.B.Theprocessofextractingthefood.

C.Thediscoveryoftheintellect.D.Thewaysofpresentingthefood.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimicked“probablymeaninparagraphs?

A.Copied.B.Influenced.C.Translated.D.Monitored.

31.Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?

A.Changesinotters5learningcapabilities.

B.Otters9newresponseinartificialfoodpuzzles.

C.Otters9learningskillsindifferentcircumstances.

D.Relationshipsbetweenotters'variouslearningskills.

32.Whafsthesignificanceofthefindings?

A.Theymayhelpextractthefood.B.Theyimproveotters5intelligence.

C.Theycanaidconservationefforts.D.Theyjustifytheearlyreleaseofotters.

9.（2023•江苏盐城•统考三模）Inthisageofscreens,smartphones,virtualassistantsandvoiceenabledspeakers,

weconstantlyreceivevisualandauditory（听觉的）suggestionsofthingstodo,productstobuy,andmediato

consume.Yetareallthesemessagescreatedequal?Accordingtoaresearch,theanswerisno.

Inthespringof2018,MariadassouandBechler,bothgraduatestudentsofBusiness,weresittinginaseminar

（研讨会），inwhichtheywerestudyinghowdifferenttypesofmessagesaffectdecisionmaking.Theylearnedthat

peoplegenerallyperceivesomeoneasmoreintelligentwhentheyconveyspokeninformationratherthan

deliveringthesamemessageinwriting.

Astheychattedafterclass,Mariadassourecalls,“We