新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程3（智慧版）课件 B3U2 A taste of culture iExplore 2

外语教学与研究出版社江南大学CONTENTS1Reading3Sharingyourideas2BuildingyourlanguageUNIT2StructureTextreadingTextunderstandingReadingUNIT2ReadingStructureUNIT2WhatistheessenceofChineselandscapepainting?HowdoestheauthordescribeitbyquotingGuoXiinbodyparagraphs?Focusonthebodyparagraphsandfillintheblanks.GuoXi’sideasoflandscapepainting(Paras.3-6)Para.1)______:criteriaforamasterpiece•Quote1:“…alandscapeshouldbe‘walkable,’‘viewable,’‘livable,’and‘enjoyable.’”•Quote2:“Paintersshouldbearthisinmindwhentheypaintandartcriticsshouldrememberthiswhentheyjudge.”—thequotesreflectthe2)__________foramasterpieceaswellasthe3)___________ofagreatlandscapepainter.3criteriamissionReadingStructureUNIT2Para.4)______:compositionofalandscape•Quote3:“Foramountain,wateristheartery,grassandplantsarehairs,andsmokeandcloudsarecolorsoflife.…Thisistheessenceofthecompositionofalandscape.”—thisquotedescribesthe5)_______________ofalandscape,whichiscomparedwith6)________________.Paras.7)______:applicationofthetheoryofsanyuan•Quote4:“Therearethreetypesofremotenessforamountain.…itisremoteinthehorizon.”—thisquoterevealsthatapainter’sviewoftheworldiswellreflectedin8)_______________________________frommultipleperspectives.4compositionahumanbody5-6howtheydepictthelandscapeReadingTextreadingNavigatingNewworldsUNIT2ReadingReadingChineselandscapepainting,asthemaincomponentofChineseart,isessentiallyfreehandart.Ratherthanbeingadirectcopyofthenaturalworld,itrepresentsharmonybetweenmanandnature.WhatChinesepainterswouldliketocreateintheirpaintingsisnotonlyavisualeffectofcolorsandpatterns,butapoeticworldwhichexistsintheirmind.Andthenaturalworldprovideselementsforthemtobuildtheirownworld.1TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingIntheeyesofChinesepainters,natureshouldberespectedandeulogizedbecauseofitsgreatnessandforcefulness.Itcouldalsobeunderstoodandactedupontoservethepainters’purpose.Throughagoodlandscapepainting,apaintercanpresentthetruenaturewithoutdisguisetoviewersandmakethemfeelthevigoroflifeandthewarmthofthespiritualworld.2TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingGuoXi,apainterintheNorthernSongDynasty,indicatedinhisLoftyRecordofForestsandStreams(LinquanGaozhi)thatalandscapeshouldbe“walkable,”“viewable,”“livable,”and“enjoyable.”Thishighlightsthemissionofagreatlandscapepaintertorevealonpapertheprofoundbeautyofthenaturalworld.Grippedbythevibesofthescenery,theaudiencefeelsasiftheywereresidingandroaminginit.Ifalandscapemetthesecriteria,itwouldbeamasterpiece.Hewrote:“Paintersshouldbearthisinmindwhentheypaintandartcriticsshouldrememberthiswhentheyjudge.”SincetheTangandSongdynasties,Chineselandscapeshavenotonlycontainedelementsofmountainsand3TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingstreams,butalsofeaturedroadsextendingtothetopofmountainridges,aswellaspeopleonroadsorboatsonthewater.TheChineseliketosaythey“read”apainting.Thatistosay,theyappreciatethecontentofapaintingandenjoyitsspiritualmeanings.TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingAsforthecompositionofalandscape,GuoXipointedoutthatitshoulddisplaytheoverallviewinessence.Hecomparedapaintingwithahumanbody:“Foramountain,wateristheartery,grassandplantsarehairs,andsmokeandcloudsarecolorsoflife.Amountainbecomesalivewhenithaswater;itbecomesvividwhenithasgrassandplants;anditbecomesenchantingwhenithassmokeandclouds.Forwater,themountainistheface,buildingsonridgesaretheeyes,andfishermenbytheriverarethesoul.Waterbecomescharmingwhenithasmountains;itbecomeslivelywhenithasbuildings;itbecomesvastwhentherearefishermen.Thisistheessenceofthecompositionofalandscape.”4TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingHowapainterviewstheworldiswellreflectedinhowtheydepictthelandscapefrommultipleperspectives.GuoXiputforwardthetheoryofsanyuantoillustratethis:“Therearethreetypesofremotenessforamountain.Viewedfromthefootofthemountaintoitstop,itisremoteinheight;viewedfromthefrontofthemountaintoitsback,itisremoteindepth;andviewedfromtheadjacentmountaintothedistantmountainsinline,itisremoteinthehorizon.”5TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingTheconceptionofremotenessinheight,indepth,andinthehorizondirectsanaudience’sviewfromapointofthepaintingtosomewheretotallybeyond,andtoaninfiniteuniverse.Thisimpliesthethoughtofrushiandchushi.TheeliteinancientChinawouldinvolvethemselvesinworldlyaffairs.Thiswasrushi.Butatthesametimetheydidnotwanttheirspirittobespoiledbythetemptationsofthematerialworld.Theyhopedalandscapewouldgivethemasenseofbeingpureandlofty,astheartisticconceptionofalandscapewascloselyrelatedtothe“remoteness”thatsymbolizedtheirchushi,i.e.,standingalooffromworldlyaffairs.Ifapainterlosttheiradmirationforthe“remoteness,”alandscapewouldbecomeamerecopyofconcreteobjects.Therefore,alandscapeshouldneitherbeboundbydetailsofscenerynorcompromiseitsspiritualendeavor.6TextreadingUNIT2ReadingReadingChineseartistsoftensaythatthewholehorseisintheheart,thebambooisintheheart,andthevalleyisintheheart.Whattheymeanisthatartistsneedtohaveathoroughanddeepunderstandingofthenaturalworld,haveavividmemoryofthenaturalscenery,internalizealltheseimages,andthenrepresentthemintheirpersonalizedwaysonpaper.ThisisnotonlytheessenceoflandscapepaintingbutalsotheessenceoftraditionalChinesepaintingingeneral.GenerationsofChinesepaintershaveexpressedtheirphilosophicalthoughtsthroughdifferentgenresofpaintings,leavingarichculturalheritageforgenerationstocome.7TextreadingUNIT2ReadingTextunderstandingWhatisChineselandscapepainting?WhatistheessenceofChineselandscapepainting?ReadthetextandcompletetheoutlineUNIT21DefinitionofChineselandscapepainting:Itisfundamentallyfreehandartandrepresents1)_____________betweenmanandnature.Chineselandscapepainters’ideasofnature:•Itshouldberespectedand2)______________.harmonyeulogizedReadingTextunderstandingUNIT2•Itcouldbeunderstoodand3)_______________toservethepainters’purpose.acteduponCriteriaforamasterpiece:Landscapepaintersshouldrevealtheprofound4)__________ofthenaturalworldonpaperandmaketheviewersfeelasiftheywere5)_____________________init.Compositionofalandscape:Thecompositionofalandscapeshoulddisplay6)_________________inessence.beautyresidingandroamingtheoverallviewReadingTextunderstandingUNIT2Applicationofthetheoryofsanyuan:•GuoXibelievedthathowapainterviewstheworldiswell7)____________inhowtheydepictthelandscapefrom8)____________perspectives.•Theconceptionofremotenessin9)__________,in10)___________,andin11)______________directsanaudience’sviewfromapointofthepaintingtoan12)___________universe.Thisimpliesthephilosophyofrushiandchushi.Emphasizethe13)____________oflandscapepaintinganditssignificancemultipleheightreflecteddepththehorizoninfiniteessenceReadingTextunderstandingReadthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Someparagraphscanbechosenmorethanonce.1

GuoXigaveadetailedexplanationofthethreetypesofremotenessforamountain.2Viewerscanfeeltheenthusiasmoflifeandthewarmthofthespiritualworldfromagoodlandscapepainting.3TheeliteinancientChinawantedtogainasenseofbeingpureandloftyfromalandscape.Para.5Para.2Para.6UNIT22ReadingTextunderstanding4TheessenceoflandscapepaintingisalsotheessenceoftraditionalChinesepaintingingeneral.5Whentheyviewapainting,Chinesepeopleusuallyappreciatethecontentofthepaintingandenjoyitsspiritualmeanings.6Chineselandscapepaintingshowcasestheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.7GuoXinotedthatthecompositionofalandscapeshouldpresenttheessentialelementsofthecompleteview.8ThepracticethataneliteinancientChinaengagedinworldlyaffairsisknownasrushi.Para.7Para.3Para.1Para.4UNIT2Para.6ReadingTextunderstanding9GenerationsofChinesepaintershaveusedvariousgenresofpaintingstoconveytheirphilosophicalthoughts,creatingarichculturalheritageforfuturegenerations.10GuoXistatedinhisbookthatagreatlandscapepaintershouldrevealonpapertheprofoundbeautyofthenaturalworld.Para.7Para.3UNIT2ReadingCulturenotesGuoXi(郭熙)HewasoneofthemostfamousartistsoftheNorthernSongDynastyinChina.LoftyRecordofForestsandStreams(《林泉高致》),hiscollectednotesonlandscapepainting,describeswithmuchdetailthepurposesandtechniquesofpaintingandisavaluableaidtounderstandingthelandscapepaintingoftheNorthernSongDynasty.HisfamousworksalsoincludeEarlySpring(《早春图》)andDeepValley(《幽谷图》).UNIT2Reading

Chineselandscapepainting,asthemaincomponentofChineseart,isessentiallyfreehandart.(Para.1)1)component

n.[C]oneofseveralpartsofwhichsth.ismade组成部分；成分；部件

e.g.Culturaldiversityisasignificantcomponentofavibrantsociety.2)freehand

a.(onlybeforenoun)drawnbyhandwithoutusinganyspecialtools徒手画的e.g.Theartistcreatedafreehandsketchofthelandscapeinjustafewminutes.1LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphraseChineselandscapepainting,afundamentalpartofChineseart,isprimarilycreatedthroughhand-drawntechniqueswithoutusingspecialtools.Reading

Itcouldalsobeunderstoodandactedupontoservethepainters’purpose.(Para.2)actupontotakeactionasaresultofadvice,information,etc.根据…行事e.g.Ihavefoundthatshenotonlytakestimetoaskforyouropinions,butactuallyactsuponthem.2LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphrasePainterscouldalsounderstandnatureandusetheelementsprovidedbynatureintheirownwaysoastoachievetheiraim.Reading

Throughagoodlandscapepainting,apaintercanpresentthetruenaturewithoutdisguisetoviewersandmakethemfeelthevigoroflifeandthewarmthofthespiritualworld.(Para.2)1)disguise

•n.[C,U]sth.thathideswhatsth.reallyis,esp.bymakingitseembetterthanitis伪装；掩饰

e.g.Everyobstaclecanbeconsideredasanopportunityindisguise.•vt.tochangesb.’sappearancesothatpeoplecannotrecognizethem装扮；假扮e.g.Shedisguisedherselfasanoldwomantoavoidbeingrecognized.3LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2Reading

2)vigor

n.[U](BrEvigour)physicalormentalenergyanddetermination活力；精力；热情e.g.Afteragoodrestathome,shereturnedtoherjobwithrenewedvigor.3)spiritual

a.relatingtoyourspiritratherthantoyourbodyormind精神的；心灵的e.g.Readingpoetrycanbeadeeplyspiritualexperienceforsomeindividuals.LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphraseAskilledlandscapepaintercanusehisworktorevealthenatureinitsauthenticformtothosewhoenjoyit,allowingthemtosensetheenergyoflifeandthewarmthofthespiritualworld.ReadingReading

Grippedbythevibesofthescenery,theaudiencefeelsasiftheywereresidingandroaminginit.Ifalandscapemetthesecriteria,itwouldbeamasterpiece.(Para.3)1)grip

•vt.toholdsb.’sattentionandinterest使感兴趣；

吸引…的注意

e.g.Wewereallgrippedthroughouttheentiretwohoursofthefilm.•n.[C,usu.sing.]thewayyouholdsth.tightly,oryourabilitytodothis紧握；紧抓；握力e.g.Thebaby’sgriponmyfingerwassurprisinglystrong.4LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading

2)vibe

n.[pl.](infml.)thegoodorbadfeelingsthataparticularperson,place,orsituationseemstoproduceandthatyoureactto感应；感受e.g.Ilovethepositivevibesinthiscafé;it’ssocozyandwelcoming.3)reside

vi.(fml.)toliveinaparticularplace居住e.g.Shecouldcontinuetoresideinthesecond-floorapartment.LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReadingresident

n.居民，住户residence

n.住所，住房LanguagepointsUNIT2Wordtransformation

4)roam

v.towalkortravel,usu.foralongtime,withnoclearpurposeordirection闲逛；漫步；漫步于

e.g.Herdsofwilddeerwereroamingfreelyoverthehills.5)criterion

n.[C,usu.pl.](pl.criteria)astandardthatyouusetojudgesth.ormakeadecisionaboutsth.（判断﹑决定的）标准，准则ReadingReadingacriterionfor……的标准/准则（常与介词for搭配）e.g.Theprojectwasrejectedbecauseitdidnotmeetthenecessarycriteriaforfunding.LanguagepointsUNIT2Collocation

6)在asif连接的从句中，作者使用了虚拟语气，描述了人们在欣赏画作时被山水画的意境深深吸引而产生的仿佛徜徉其间的感觉。7)在“Ifalandscapemetthesecriteria,itwouldbeamasterpiece.”中，作者也使用了虚拟语气，描述了一幅山水画要成为杰作，需要满足前文所述的条件。ReadingReadingGreatlyattractedbytheatmosphereofthescenery,viewersgetthesensethattheywerelivinginandwanderingthroughit.Alandscapepaintingthatmeetssuchstandardswouldbequalifiedasamasterpiece.LanguagepointsUNIT2ParaphraseReadingReading

Hewrote:“Paintersshouldbearthisinmindwhentheypaintandartcriticsshouldrememberthiswhentheyjudge.”(Para.3)1)bear(sth.)inmindtorememberapieceofinformationwhenyouaremakingadecisionorthinkingaboutamatter记住e.g.Bearinmindthattheweathercanchangequicklyinthemountains,sopackaccordingly.5LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading2)critic

n.[C]sb.whosejobistomakejudgmentsaboutthegoodandbadqualitiesofart,music,films,etc.（艺术、音乐、电影等的）评论家，批评家e.g.Themusiccriticpraisedthesinger’sperformanceforitsemotionaldepthandtechnicalprecision.3)Inthissentence,“this”referstothecriteriaindicatedbyGuoXiinhiswork:alandscapeshouldbe“walkable,”“viewable,”“livable,”and“enjoyable.”LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading

Asforthecompositionofalandscape,GuoXipointedoutthatitshoulddisplaytheoverallviewinessence.(Para.4)1)composition

n.[C,U]•thewayinwhichthedifferentpartsthatmakeupaphotographorpicturearearranged（照片或绘画的）构图e.g.Headjustedthecompositionoftheshottoensureperfectbalancebetweenlightandshadow.•thewayinwhichsth.ismadeupofdifferentparts,things,ormembers组成；构成e.g.Scientistsarestudyingthechemicalcompositionofthenewmaterial.6LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading

2)overall

a.(onlybeforenoun)consideringorincludingeverything包括一切的；全部的

e.g.Whenhefinishedpainting,hesteppedbacktoappreciatetheoveralleffect.LanguagepointsUNIT2ParaphraseGuoXipointedoutthatthewayalandscapeisarrangedshouldessentiallyshowthewholeview.ReadingReading

Foramountain,wateristheartery,grassandplantsarehairs,andsmokeandcloudsarecolorsoflife…Forwater,themountainistheface,buildingsonridgesaretheeyes,andfishermenbytheriverarethesoul.(Para.4)这里使用了比喻的修辞手法，把山水画比喻为人体,生动形象地表达了山水的意境与画面元素之间的关系。此外，排比句式的使用使得论述条理更加清晰，不仅起到了强调的作用，也便于读者更好地理解其中的含义。7LanguagepointsUNIT2Reading

Howapainterviewstheworldiswellreflectedinhowtheydepictthelandscapefrommultipleperspectives.(Para.5)这个句子使用了两个how引导的名词性从句，分别表示“画家如何看待世界”与“他们如何描绘风景”，强调了画家的视角与其表现方式之间的联系。8LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphraseThewayapainterdepictsthelandscapefrommultipleperspectivesreflectsthewaytheyviewtheworld.Reading

Viewedfromthefootofthemountaintoitstop,itisremoteinheight;viewedfromthefrontofthemountaintoitsback,itisremoteindepth;andviewedfromtheadjacentmountaintothedistantmountainsinline,itisremoteinthehorizon.(Para.5)1)adjacent

a.nexttoornearsth.else毗连的；邻近的

e.g.Thelibraryisadjacenttothemainbuilding,makingitconvenientforstudentstoaccess.2)horizon

n.[sing.](the~)thelinefarawaywherethelandorseaseemstomeetthesky地平线

e.g.Henryglancedeastwardwherethesunjustedgedabovethehorizon.9LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2Reading3)这里作者使用了排比的修辞手法，三个重复的句式起到加强语气和强调内容的作用，突出了“远”这一主题的多层次含义（高远、深远、平远）。此外，这种句式读起来朗朗上口，富有韵律感，增强了文章的表达效果。4)过去分词短语Viewedfrom…to…相当于when引导的状语从句，在这里表示条件，完整的句式可以写作：Whenamountainisviewedfrom…to…。使用过去分词短语代替从句，让句子更加简洁。LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2Reading

Theconceptionofremotenessinheight,indepth,andinthehorizondirectsanaudience’sviewfromapointofthepaintingtosomewheretotallybeyond,andtoaninfiniteuniverse.(Para.6)infinite

a.•withoutlimitsinspaceortime（空间或时间）无限的，无穷无尽的e.g.Theoceanappearsinfinitewhenviewedfromtheshore.•verygreatinamountordegree（数量或程度上）极大的e.g.Sheshowedinfinitepatiencewhileteachingthechildrenhowtoread.10LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ReadingTheconceptionofremotenessinheight,indepth,andinthehorizonguidesanaudience’sviewfromapointofthepaintingtosomewheretotallyoutsidethescopeofthepainting,andtoanunlimiteduniverse.LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphraseReading

TheeliteinancientChinawouldinvolvethemselvesinworldlyaffairs.(Para.6)1)elite

n.[C]thebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup尖子；精英e.g.Theeliteofthebusinessworldgatheredattheconference.2)worldly

a.relatingtoordinaryliferatherthanspiritualideas尘世的；世俗的e.g.Thenovelexplorestheconflictbetweenworldlyambitionsandspiritualfulfillment.11LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ParaphraseTheupperclassinancientChinawouldengagethemselvesinmattersinmateriallife.Reading

Theyhopedalandscapewouldgivethemasenseofbeingpureandlofty,astheartisticconceptionofalandscapewascloselyrelatedtothe“remoteness”thatsymbolizedtheirchushi,i.e.,standingalooffromworldlyaffairs.(Para.6)1)symbolize

vt.tobeasymbolofsth.象征（某事物）；作为（某事物）的象征e.g.Thedoveoftensymbolizespeaceandharmonyinmanycultures.2)aloof

a.•deliberatelynotbecominginvolvedinsth.不参与（的）；远离（的）

e.g.Theboardofdirectorscannolongerstandalooffromthemanagementproblems.12LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2Reading•unfriendlyanddeliberatelynottalkingtootherpeople冷漠的；疏远的e.g.Sheremainedaloofduringtheparty,avoidingconversationsandkeepingtoherself.3)此句中as引导的是原因状语从句，解释为什么山水画的艺术意境与remoteness相关。4)standingalooffromworldlyaffairs是一个动名词短语，用作同位语，进一步解释chushi。LanguagepointsReadingUNIT2ReadingReading

Therefore,alandscapeshouldneitherbeboundbydetailsofscenerynorcompromiseitsspiritualendeavor.(Para.6)1)beboundby

tobeforcedtodowhatalaworagreementsaysyoumustdo受…约束

e.g.Youareperfectlyfree;youareboundbynopromise.2)compromise

•vt.todosth.whichisagainstyourprinciplesandwhichthereforeseemsdishonestorshameful放弃（原则）；在…方面妥协e.g.Shewouldnotcompromiseherintegrityinordertosecurethedeal.13LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading•n.[C,U]anagreementthatisachievedaftereveryoneinvolvedacceptslessthanwhattheywantedatfirst,ortheactofmakingthisagreement折中；妥协e.g.Afterhoursofnegotiation,thetwosidesfinallyreachedacompromisethatsatisfiedbothparties.3)endeavor(BrE

endeavour)•n.[C,U](fml.)anattempttodosth.newordifficult尝试；努力e.g.Writinganovelisachallengingendeavor,requiringcreativity,patience,anddiscipline.•vi.(fml.)totryveryhard努力；奋力e.g.Sheendeavoredtofinishthereportontimedespitethetightdeadline.LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReadingSo,alandscapepaintershouldnotconfinethemselvestomerelydepictingthedetailsofscenery,norshouldtheydiminishtheireffortstocreateaspiritualworld.LanguagepointsUNIT2ParaphraseReadingReading

Whattheymeanisthatartistsneedtohaveathoroughanddeepunderstandingofthenaturalworld,haveavividmemoryofthenaturalscenery,internalizealltheseimages,andthenrepresentthemintheirpersonalizedwaysonpaper.(Para.7)1)thorough

a.includingeverypossibledetail彻底的﹔全面的﹔详尽的e.g.Thepositionrequiresathoroughunderstandingofwebsitedesignsoftware.2)internalize

vt.toacceptorabsorbanidea,opinion,belief,etc.sothatitbecomespartofyourcharacter使（想法、态度、信仰等）成为性格的一部分；使内化14LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReadinge.g.Wetriedtointernalizetheculturalvaluesofthelocalpeopleduringtheyearwespentwiththem.3)此句使用了一系列动词，“havea…understandingof…”,“haveavividmemoryof…”,“internalize…”,“represent…”，一气呵成地描述了画家创作出一幅山水画的过程。LanguagepointsUNIT2ParaphraseWhattheysaymeansartistsneedtounderstandthenaturecompletelyanddeeply,rememberitsscenesclearly,keepallthosepicturesintheirminds,andthendrawthemintheirownuniquestyle.ReadingReading

GenerationsofChinesepaintershaveexpressedtheirphilosophicalthoughtsthroughdifferentgenresofpaintings,leavingarichculturalheritageforgenerationstocome.(Para.7)1)genre

n.[C](fml.)aparticulartypeofart,writing,music,etc.,whichhascertainfeaturesthatallexamplesofthistypeshare（艺术﹑写作﹑音乐

等的）类型，体裁e.g.Myfavoritegenremightbesciencefiction.2)heritage

n.thehistory,traditionsandqualitiesthatacountryorsocietyhashadformanyyearsandthatareconsideredanimportantpartofitscharacter继承物；遗产15LanguagepointsUNIT2ReadingReading

e.g.TheUNESCOhaslistedover1,000worldheritages,includingtheForbiddenCity.LanguagepointsUNIT2ParaphraseForgenerations,Chinesepaintershavesharedtheirphilosophicalideasthroughvarioustypesofpaintings,leavingarichculturallegacyforfuturepeople.ReadingReading

作为中国艺术的重要组成部分，中国山水画本质上是一种写意艺术。它并非是对自然景观的直接复制，而是展现了人与自然的和谐统一。中国画家想在画作中呈现的不仅仅是色彩和图案带来的视觉效果，还有他们心中的诗境，而自然界则为他们提供了构建诗境的元素。1Translationofthetexts中国山水画的精髓UNIT2ReadingReading

中国画家认为，自然界壮观雄伟，应受到尊重和颂扬。同时，它也可以为画家所感悟，为其所用。凭借一幅好的山水画，画家可以将真实的自然不加掩饰地呈现给观者，使他们感受到生命的活力和精神世界的温暖。2TranslationofthetextsUNIT2ReadingReading

北宋画家郭熙在其著作《林泉高致》中表明，山水画要做到“可行”“可望”“可居”“可游”，强调杰出的山水画家的使命是在作品中呈现自然界的极致之美。观者沉浸于景色意境之中，产生“可居可游”之感。山水画若达到这些标准，便可谓上乘之作了。郭熙写道：“画者当以此意造，而鉴者又当以此意穷之。”唐宋以来，中国山水画不仅有山有水，还有通达岭顶的道路、路上行人和水中之船。中国人赏画爱说“读”画，意思是既要欣赏画作的具体内容，也要感受其精神意蕴。3TranslationofthetextsUNIT2ReadingReading

关于山水画的构图，郭熙指出，其本质应是展现景观的全貌。他曾将山水画比作人体：“山以水为血脉，以草木为毛发，以烟云为神彩，故山得水而活，得草木而华，得烟云而秀媚。水以山为面，以亭榭为眉目，以渔钓为精神，故水得山而媚，得亭榭而明快，得渔钓而旷落，此山水之布置也。”4TranslationofthetextsUNIT2ReadingReading

画家描绘景观的多重视角很好地反映了他们看待世界的方式。郭熙曾用“三远法”对此加以阐述：“山有三远：自山下而仰山颠，谓之高远；自山前而窥山后，谓之深远；自近山而望远山，谓之平远。”5TranslationofthetextsUNIT2ReadingReading

高远、深远和平远的概念将观者的视野从画中的某个点带到了画外，从而引至无垠的宇宙。这蕴含了“入世”和“出世”的思想。中国古代的精英会参与社会世俗事务，也就是“入世”。但与此同时，他们并不希望自己的心灵被物质世界的诱惑所侵蚀。他们寄情山水画，希望可以从中感受到纯洁和崇高，因为山水画的意境与象征“出世”的“远”息息相关，即远离世俗。如果画家失去了对“远”的钦慕，山水画就只不过是具体事物的复制品。因此，山水画不应被景物的细节所束缚，也不应放弃对精神意蕴的营造。6TranslationofthetextsUNIT2ReadingReading

中国的艺术家常言作画要胸有全马、胸有成竹、胸有丘壑，意思是艺术家创作前需要透彻地理解自然，对自然风景有生动的记忆，内化所有的意象，然后再以个性化的笔墨将其呈现纸上。这不仅是山水画的精髓，也是中国传统绘画的精髓。一代又一代的中国画家通过不同类型的画作来表达自己的哲学思想，为子孙后代留下了丰富的文化遗产。7TranslationofthetextsUNIT2BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressionsCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1criticvasthorizongripcompositioncompromiseresidethoroughconcrete1Herfirstpictureswereoffishermen,factoryworkers,andlorrydrivers–allremarkablefortheir___________andcoloring.2ThebirthoflandscapepaintinginChinaishardtotrace,butmostart______believetheTangDynastyplayedavitalroleinitsdevelopment.3The_____desertstretchesendlesslybeneaththesunandwearedrawnintothemagicofitsbreathtakingscenery.compositioncriticsvastUNIT2BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions4Mostofthetimewhenyoulookattheseayoueitherlookattheshorelineorthe________.5Iwassuddenly________byemotionasIstoodinfrontofthepaintinglookingatthedazzlingbeautyofthelandscape.6Manybelievethatthemassproductionofherpaintings____________theoriginalityandauthenticityofherart.7A__________understandingofnatureenablesanartisttocreatelandscapesthatappeartrulyalive.horizongrippedUNIT2compromisesthoroughcriticvasthorizongripcompositioncompromiseresidethoroughconcreteBuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions8Shesaidthatshehadno_________plansforwhattopaintnext.9Inonecorner_______animpressivegrandpiano,whichhasbeenwell-usedovertheyears.concreteresidesUNIT2criticvast

horizongripcomposition

compromiseresidethoroughconcreteBuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressionsReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsbelow.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.2tocomeadmirationvigorintheeyesofactuponbear(sth.)inmindinfinitebeboundby1Fortunately,youarenotforcedtopaintbytherulesoftraditionalpainting,andyoucanpaintinyourownstyle.2Theworld’sbestlandscapedesignersshouldbeinvitedtodesignandcreatealegacythatwillbenefitthecityforfuturegenerations.3HehadgreatrespectforChineseartandcivilization,whichwasexpressedinhisfluentcalligraphicstyle.(generations)tocomearenotboundby

admirationUNIT2BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions4Fromtheperspectiveofthecritics,thetruevalueofartliesinitsabilitytoinspirethoughtsandstirdeepemotions.5Sheissotalented!Ican’tseewhyshedoesn’tlistenandfollowtheadviceofherteachertotakelessonsincalligraphy.6Theprof