【英语】河南省2025届高三下学期高考模拟冲刺联考试题（解析版）

河南省2025届高三下学期高考模拟冲刺联考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AStudyAbroadwithHarvardTeachersAroundtheWorldExpectatrueHarvardexperiencethissummer?DuringaHarvardSummerSchoolStudyAbroadprogram,youwillengageyourintellectualcuriositywithHarvardteachers,buildanewnetworkoffriends,andexpandyourunderstandingoftheworld.Ourofficehoursofoperationarefrom9:00amto5:00pmEasternTime,MondaytoFriday.Formoreaboutourprograms,pleaseemailusatSummerAbroad@Summer.H.HarvardSummerPrograminGreeceStudypoliticalandnaturalenvironmentsoftheEasternMediterraneanfromancienttimestothepresent.ProgramDirector:DimiterAngelovandGregoryNagyDate:FromJune28,2025toAugust3,2025Cost:$9,150Housing:HotelHarvardSummerPrograminKenyaExplorehumanity’sevolutionaryoriginsanddynamicfuturethroughclimatescience,ecology,andfossilexcavations(挖掘)inKenya’sRiftValley.ProgramDirector:DanielR.GreenDate:FromMay29,2025toJuly10,2025Cost:$12,000Housing:DormitoriesHarvardSummerPrograminMadrid,SpainStudySpanishlanguage,history,andcultureinSpain’sdynamic,elegantandhipcapitalcity.ProgramDirector:JohannaLianderDate:FromMay31,2025toJuly25,2025Cost:$11,700Housing:HomestayHarvardSummerPrograminShanghai,ChinaEncounterChina’smajorcity,Shanghai,andlearnaboutChina’splaceintheworld.Understanditstieswithinternationalfoodcultures.ProgramDirector:JoyceChaplinandErezManelaDate:FromJune15,2025toAugust9,2025Cost:$12,250Housing:Hotel1.Whichprogramlaststheshortest?A.TheoneinGreece. B.TheoneinKenya.C.TheoneinSpain. D.TheoneinChina.2.WherewillthestudentssigningupfortheprograminMadridliveduringtheirstudy?A.Inahotel. B.Inadormitory.C.Inalocal’shouse. D.Inthedirector’shome.3.WhatwilltheprograminShanghaioffertothestudents?A.Atourofbigcities. B.Atrainingcourseoncooking.C.AlanguagecourseinChinese. D.AcourseintheglobalroleofChina.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学在四个不同地方设立的暑期学习项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据各个项目对应的时间“Date:FromJune28,2025toAugust3,2025(日期：2025年6月28日至8月3日)”、“Date:FromMay29,2025toJuly10,2025(日期：2025年5月29日至7月10日)”、“Date:FromMay31,2025toJuly25,2025(日期：2025年5月31日至7月25日)”和“Date:FromJune15,2025toAugust9,2025(日期：2025年6月15日至8月9日)”可知，希腊暑期学习项目从6月28日持续到8月3日，为期37天(=3+31+3)，是持续时间最短的暑期学习项目。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HarvardSummerPrograminMadrid,Spain部分的“Housing:Homestay(住宿安排：寄宿家庭)”可知，参加马德里项目的学生将住在当地人的家里。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据HarvardSummerPrograminShanghai,China部分的“EncounterChina’smajorcity,Shanghai,andlearnaboutChina’splaceintheworld.Understanditstieswithinternationalfoodcultures.(走进中国大都市上海，探索中国在世界舞台的独特地位，了解其与国际美食文化的深厚渊源)”可知，参加上海项目的学生将了解中国在全球的角色。故选D项。BAfterCharlotte,thegreenseaturtle,washitbyaboatin2008,Connecticut’sMysticAquarium(水族馆)quicklybecameitsnewhome.TheaccidentcausedCharlottetohavewhatmarinebiologistscall“bubblebuttsyndrome”—aconditionthattrapsairinthebackoftheturtle’sshellandtilts(倾斜)itsbackendupata45-degreeangle,whichisnotanaturalpositionforturtlestoswim.“Bubblebuttsyndrome”isbecomingmorecommon,asmoreseaturtles—whicharealreadyendangered—faceinjuriesfromhumanactivities.Asforseaturtles,thisconditioncannotonlycauseparalysis(瘫痪),butitcanmakeitdifficultforthemtoeatoravoidenemiesbecausetheycan’tmovewell.Whilesomeanimaldoctorshavetriedtoattachweightstotheshellsofturtleswiththiscondition,scientistshavejustcreatedaninnovativedevicethatcouldbecomethenewstandardforturtleslikeCharlotte.MysticAquariumreacheda3Dprintingcompany,whichworkedwithexpertstocreateaweightedbeltthatwouldhelpCharlotteswimmoreeasily.Afterafewtries,expertscreatedaflexible,lightweight,andadjustablebeltthatwrapsaroundtheedgeofCharlotte’sshellandcanbeeasilyremoved.AsCharlottegetsusedtowearingthebeltandbuildsstrengthinherbackflippers(鳍足),theteamatMysticAquariumwillslowlyaddweightstothebelttocounterCharlotte’s“bubblebutt”.Andmoreseaturtlescouldbenefitfromthisinthefuture.“Ourhopeisthatanaquariumcoulduploadascanofaturtle,haveaccesstoanonlinedesigntool,whichwouldallowthemtomakeafewdesigndecisions,andexportafile,whichwouldallowthemtobuildabeltonaprinter,”saidthe3Dprintingcompany’sdirector.“Thiswouldhelpimprovethequalityoflifefortheirturtles.”4.WhatcausedCharlottetodevelop“bubblebuttsyndrome”?A.Anaccidentaldisease. B.Amisfortune.C.Akindofimpropercare. D.Acarelessswim.5.Whatisthemainproblemforseaturtleswith“bubblebuttsyndrome”?A.Difficultyinfindingwater.B.Troubleinseeingotherseaturtles.C.Increasedriskofbeingkilledbyhumans.D.Difficultyinmovingandavoidingenemies.6.WhatcanweinferaboutthenewbeltdesignedforCharlotte?A.Itcanbechangedasneeded.B.Itismadeofaheavymaterial.C.Itwillbereplacedlaterbyotherdevices.D.Itneedstobeadjustedandmaintainedoften.7.Whatdothe3Dprintingcompany’sdirector’swordsmean?A.Thecompanywillprovidestandardbelts.B.Aquariumsneedtobuyadvanced3Dprinters.C.Onlysomeaquariumscanusethistechnology.D.Aquariumswillbeabletocreateandprintthebeltsthemselves.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一只名为Charlotte的绿海龟因被船撞击而患上“气泡臀综合征”后，康涅狄格州神秘水族馆与一家3D打印公司合作，为其设计并制作了一条加权腰带，以帮助其更轻松地游泳的情况，还提及了这一创新设备对未来更多海龟的潜在益处。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AfterCharlotte,thegreenseaturtle,washitbyaboatin2008,Connecticut’sMysticAquarium(水族馆)quicklybecameitsnewhome.(2008年，绿海龟Charlotte被船撞击后，康涅狄格州的神秘水族馆迅速成为了它的新家。)”可知，Charlotte患上“气泡臀综合征”的直接原因是被船撞击这一意外事故。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Asforseaturtles,thisconditioncannotonlycauseparalysis(瘫痪),butitcanmakeitdifficultforthemtoeatoravoidenemiesbecausetheycan’tmovewell.(对于海龟而言，这种病症不仅可能导致瘫痪，还会使它们难以进食或躲避天敌，因为它们无法正常移动。)”可知，患有“气泡臀综合征”的海龟主要问题是行动困难，难以进食或躲避天敌。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Afterafewtries,expertscreatedaflexible,lightweight,andadjustablebeltthatwrapsaroundtheedgeofCharlotte’sshellandcanbeeasilyremoved.(经过几次尝试，专家们打造出了一条灵活、轻便且可调节的腰带，它可以缠绕在夏洛特的龟壳边缘，并且易于拆卸。)”以及第五段“AsCharlottegetsusedtowearingthebeltandbuildsstrengthinherbackflippers(鳍足),theteamatMysticAquariumwillslowlyaddweightstothebelttocounterCharlotte’s“bubblebutt”.(随着Charlotte逐渐适应佩戴腰带并增强后鳍足的力量，神秘水族馆的团队将慢慢在腰带上增加重量，以抵消Charlotte的“气泡臀”影响。)”可知，新腰带具有可调节性，且能够根据Charlotte的恢复情况逐步增加重量。这表明腰带可根据实际需求进行调整。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Ourhopeisthatanaquariumcoulduploadascanofaturtle,haveaccesstoanonlinedesigntool,whichwouldallowthemtomakeafewdesigndecisions,andexportafile,whichwouldallowthemtobuildabeltonaprinter,”saidthe3Dprintingcompany’sdirector.“Thiswouldhelpimprovethequalityoflifefortheirturtles.”(“我们希望水族馆可以上传海龟的扫描数据，使用在线设计工具进行一些设计决策，然后导出文件，这样就能在打印机上制作出腰带，”这家3D打印公司的主管说，“这将有助于改善海龟的生活质量。”)”可知，水族馆可上传海龟扫描数据，使用在线设计工具自主调整设计，导出文件后通过3D打印机自行制作腰带。这表明水族馆将能够独立完成腰带的设计和打印。故选D。CIfyouconfidentlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendoracolleague,anewstudysuggeststhatyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirpositions,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusion(错觉)ofinformationadequacy”.“Wefoundthat,ingeneral,peopledon’tstoptothinkwhethertheremightbemoreinformationthatwouldhelpthemmakeamoreinformeddecision,”saidtheco-authorofthestudy.“Ifyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemtolineup,mostwillsay‘thatsoundsaboutright’andgowiththat.”Thestudyinvolved1,261Americanswhoparticipatedonline.Theyweredividedintothreegroupswhoreadanarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedadequatewater.Thefirstgroupreadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmerge(合并)withanotherschoolthathadadequatewater;thesecondgroup’sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions;thethirdgroupreadalltheargumentsfortheschoolsmergingandforstayingseparate.Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhohadreadonlyhalfthestorystillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.Mostofthemsaidtheywouldfollowtherecommendationsinthearticletheyread.Thosewithonlyhalftheinformationwereactuallymoreconfidentintheirdecisionstomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadreadthecompletestory.Theywerequitesurethattheirdecisionswereright,eventhoughtheydidn’thavealltheinformation.Theco-authorsaid,“Peopleshouldmakesuretheyhavethefullstoryaboutasituationbeforetheytakeastandormakeadecision.Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectivesandunderstandtheirpositionsbetter?’That’sthewaytofightthis‘illusionofinformationadequacy’.”8.Whatdoesthenewstudysuggestaboutpeopleduringdisagreements?A.Theyrarelychangetheirminds.B.Theyusuallygivelotsofmade-upproofs.C.Theytendtooverestimatetheirknowledge.D.Theyalwayshaveallthenecessaryinformation.9.Accordingtotheco-author,whatdomostpeopledowhengivenlimitedinformation?A.Theyacceptitassufficientone. B.Theyseekmoreinformation.C.Theydoubttheinformation. D.Theyignoreitcompletely.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthereadingmaterialsgiventothefirsttwogroups?A.Theyfocusedonareal-lifeschoolissue.B.Theyinvolvedalargenumberofproblems.C.Theywouldbecompletedbythethirdgroup.D.Theypresentedonlyoneperspectivetotheproblem.11.Whatdidtheco-authoradvisepeopletodotoovercometheillusion?A.Acceptothers’views. B.Ignoredisagreements.C.Questiontheirownperspectives. D.Gathermoreinformation.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现人们常陷入“信息充足错觉”，在信息不完整时仍过度自信，但事实上他们有可能是错的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ifyouconfidentlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendoracolleague,anewstudysuggeststhatyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirpositions,evenwhentheydonot.(最新研究表明，当你与朋友或同事争论时若自信地认为自己正确，实际上可能是错误的。研究人员发现，人们会自然而然地假定自己已掌握决策或支持立场所需的全部信息——即便事实并非如此)”可知，研究发现，人们在争论中往往高估自己掌握的知识。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中合著者所说的话“Ifyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemtolineup,mostwillsay‘thatsoundsaboutright’andgowiththat.(研究发现，当人们获得几条看似相互印证的信息时，大多数人会认为“这听起来挺合理”并直接采信)”可知，大多数人在得到有限的信息时会认为这些信息是足够的。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thefirstgroupreadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmerge(合并)withanotherschoolthathadadequatewater;thesecondgroup’sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions(第一组阅读的文章仅列举了该校应与另一所水源充足的学校合并的理由；第二组的文章则只阐述了保持独立并寻求其他解决方案的依据)”可知，前两组的阅读材料只呈现了问题的一个方面。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中合著者所说的话“Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectivesandunderstandtheirpositionsbetter?’(当你与他人意见相左时，首先要做的应该是思考：“我是否忽略了某些能帮助我理解对方立场的关键信息”)”可知，作者建议人们在与别人意见相左时，首先要做的应该是思考和质疑自己的观点。故选C项。DTothoseoutsideofeducation,itmaycomeasasurprisethatthehardestaspectofteachingisoftennotwhathappensintheclassroom,butthepreparationthatmusthappenoutsideit,beyondnormalworkhours.Thetoughestworkisintheplanningandstructuringoflessonsforclasseswithstudentsofvaryingknowledgeandskilllevels.Againstthatbackdrop,educationandcomputerscienceresearchersatStanfordUniversityhaveevaluatedlargelanguagemodels’(LLMs’)abilitytohelpmiddleschoolmathteacherscreatetiered(分层的)lessonsthatallowthemtonurturethosewhomighthavefallenbehindwhileholdingtheinterestofmoreadvancedstudentsatthesametime.Researchersintroducedthefirstevaluationframeworkforlessonscaffolding(脚手架)groundedinexpertteachers’processesandthefirstexperimentsthattestandadaptLLMsforthistask.BeforetheybeganexperimentingwithLLMs,Malik,aKnight-HennessyscholarstudyingeducationdatascienceattheStanfordGraduateSchoolofEducation,analyzedteachers’lessonplanningtounderstandthefundamentalsofscaffolding.“Thepreconditionoftheprojectwastoseewhattechnologycandotohelpteacherswiththatprocessoftakingacurriculumandmakingtheclassroomready,”saysMalik.“We’renotjustcreatingatool,butaframeworkthathelpsteachersscaffoldcurriculumeffectively,ensuringAI-generatedcontentmatchesrealclassroomneeds.”Intheiranalysis,theyidentifiedthreestepsteachersgothroughincreatinglessonplans:observation(evaluatingtheirstudents’skilllevels),formulationofaninstructionalstrategy,andimplementation(实施)throughascaffoldedlessonplanthatmeetstheneedsofallstudents.TheAImodelwasdesignedtogenerate“warm-up”exercisesthathelpstudentsactivatepriorknowledge.Inuserevaluations,theseAI-generatedexerciseswereratedbetterthanhuman-createdonesintermsofaccessibility,agreementwithlearningobjectives,andteachers’preference.AIisnotwithoutlimitations,theresearchersstress.LLMsarequitegoodatgeneratingtext-basedcontent—storyproblemsandwrittendescriptions—buttheystrugglewithvisualapproaches,diagrams,graphs,andsoon,whichareanessentialpartofmathinstruction.Theresearchersareworkingtoaddresstheselimitationsnow.12.Whatmightteachersthinkofasthemostchallengingpartofteaching?A.Deliveringlessonsintheclassroom.B.Usingtechnologytoenhanceteaching.C.Designinglessonstomeetvaryingneeds.D.Evaluatingstudents’performanceduringclass.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nurture”inparagraph2mean?A.Declare. B.Assist. C.Restrict. D.Convey.14.WhatisMalik’sattitudetotheresearchprogram?A.Confident. B.Skeptical. C.Indifferent. D.Concerned.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofAIinReplacingHumanTeachers.B.AIHelpsMathTeachersBuildBetter“Scaffolds”.C.TheLimitationsofLLMsinClassroomTeaching.D.LLMsHavetheAbilitytoDesignanInterestingLesson.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍斯坦福大学研究团队利用大语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师设计分层课程的研究。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thetoughestworkisintheplanningandstructuringoflessonsforclasseswithstudentsofvaryingknowledgeandskilllevels.(最困难的工作是为知识和技能水平各异的学生规划和组织课程。)”可知，教师认为最具挑战性的是设计满足不同学生需求的课程。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线单词前的“Againstthatbackdrop,educationandcomputerscienceresearchersatStanfordUniversityhaveevaluatedlargelanguagemodels’(LLMs’)abilitytohelpmiddleschoolmathteacherscreatetiered(分层的)lessons(在这样的背景下，斯坦福大学的教育和计算机科学研究人员对大型语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师创建分层课程的能力进行了评估。)”可知，设计分层课程，结合划线单词后的“thosewhomighthavefallenbehindwhileholdingtheinterestofmoreadvancedstudentsatthesametime.(同时让更优秀的学生保持兴趣，又不至于让那些可能落后的学生掉队。)”可知，设计分层课程使他们能够帮助落后的学生，同时保持高水平学生的兴趣，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“帮助”含义相近。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We’renotjustcreatingatool,butaframeworkthathelpsteachersscaffoldcurriculumeffectively,ensuringAI-generatedcontentmatchesrealclassroomneeds.(我们不仅在创造一种工具，更是在构建一个框架，帮助教师有效搭建课程支架，确保人工智能生成的内容符合真实课堂需求。)”可知，Malik对该研究项目持积极态度，相信其能切实帮助教师。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Againstthatbackdrop,educationandcomputerscienceresearchersatStanfordUniversityhaveevaluatedlargelanguagemodels’(LLMs’)abilitytohelpmiddleschoolmathteacherscreatetiered(分层的)lessonsthatallowthemtonurturethosewhomighthavefallenbehindwhileholdingtheinterestofmoreadvancedstudentsatthesametime.(在这样的背景下，斯坦福大学的教育和计算机科学研究人员对大型语言模型（LLMs）辅助中学数学教师设计分层课程的能力展开了评估。这类课程既能帮助可能落后的学生迎头赶上，又能同时让程度更超前的学生保持学习兴趣。)”及第六段中AI模型在生成预热练习方面的成效可知，本文主要介绍的是斯坦福大学研究团队利用大语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师设计分层课程的研究，由此可知，标题“AI帮助数学教师构建更好的课程脚手架”概括了全文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Teachingstudentstoaskgoodquestionsengagesthemandactsasanongoingassessment.Herearesomeofthebenefitsofinquiry-basedlearning.QuestionsrevealinterestWeaskquestionswhensomethingcatchesourattentionandsurprisesus,orwhenwehearsomethingwewantmoreinformationabout.____16____.Itislikesaying,“Hey!Iampayingattention,andIwanttoknowmore!”Askingagreatquestionisevenmorerevealing.Questionsrevealbothgapsandstrengthsinunderstanding____17____.Infact,itmakesourjobaloteasierwhenweareaskedaquestionthatcanclarifyamisunderstandingorexplainsomethinginabetterway.Teachingstudentstoaskeffectivequestionscanrevealwhatachilddoesn’tunderstand,allowingustofillinthegapsandlikelyimproveunderstandingforotherstudentstoo.____18____Researchshowsthatwhenweaskaquestionourselves,wearemorelikelytoremembertheinformationwereceive.Itmakessense—wearelikelytoaskaboutsomethingthatisinterestingorrelevanttous,andbyaskingthequestion,webecomepersonallyinvestedintheanswer.QuestionskeeplearnersengagedIfweareopentochildren’squestionsandleaveroomfordiscussion,thelessoncanquicklybecomemoreinterestingwhenthechildren’sownquestionsguideit.____19____.Aquestioncanmakestudentspersonallyengagedinthetopicoractivity.QuestionsbuildafoundationfornewknowledgeTherearemanybenefitsofinquiry-basedlearning.Anysubjectortopicstartsoutwithbroad,foundationalinformationthatformsthebasisformorein-depthorspecificknowledge.Aquestionposedattherighttimebuildsessentialknowledge.Withthatunderstanding,themorecomplexandmoreinterestingknowledgehasroots.____20____.A.QuestionsimprovememoryB.QuestionsshowyourexcellenceC.AndthelearningprovidesachancetogrowD.AndtheygetalotofbenefitsfromaskingquestionsE.ThereisadifferencebetweenagoodquestionandabadoneF.AskingalmostanyquestionisaclearsignaltoshowourinterestG.Asteachers,weknowthatnoteverythingwesaywillbeunderstood【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.D20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕探究式学习中提问的好处展开，介绍了提问能揭示兴趣、揭示理解上的空白和优势、提高记忆力、保持学习者参与度以及为新知识奠定基础等多个方面，对探究式学习中提问的作用进行了详细的说明。【16题详解】空前“Weaskquestionswhensomethingcatchesourattentionandsurprisesus,orwhenwehearsomethingwewantmoreinformationabout.(当某事物引起我们的注意或让我们感到惊讶时，或者当我们听到想要进一步了解的内容时，我们就会提出问题。)”提到当某事引起我们的注意或惊讶时，我们会提问；而空后“Itislikesaying,“Hey!Iampayingattention,andIwanttoknowmore!”Askingagreatquestionisevenmorerevealing.(这就像是在说：“嘿！我在关注，我想知道更多！”提出一个好问题更能揭示兴趣。)”则指出提问就表明自己很关注。选项F“Askingalmostanyquestionisaclearsignaltoshowourinterest(几乎任何问题都是表达兴趣的明确信号。)”衔接上下文，解释了提问与兴趣的直接关联，且“clearsignal”与后句“likesaying”形成呼应。故选F。【17题详解】根据下文内容“Infact,itmakesourjobaloteasierwhenweareaskedaquestionthatcanclarifyamisunderstandingorexplainsomethinginabetterway.Teachingstudentstoaskeffectivequestionscanrevealwhatachilddoesn’tunderstand,allowingustofillinthegapsandlikelyimproveunderstandingforotherstudentstoo.(事实上，当学生提出一个能澄清误解或更好地解释某事物的问题时，我们的工作会变得轻松很多。教学生提出有效的问题可以揭示他们不理解的内容，让我们填补这些空白，也可能帮助其他学生加深理解。)”可知，当学生提问时，我们更容易澄清误解，暗示教师需要应对学生未理解的内容。选项G“Asteachers,weknowthatnoteverythingwesaywillbeunderstood(作为教师，我们知道并非我们说的所有内容都会被理解。)”引出教师视角，解释了为何学生提问能揭示理解差距，逻辑连贯。故选G。【18题详解】空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据本段内容“Researchshowsthatwhenweaskaquestionourselves,wearemorelikelytoremembertheinformationwereceive.Itmakessense—wearelikelytoaskaboutsomethingthatisinterestingorrelevanttous,andbyaskingthequestion,webecomepersonallyinvestedintheanswer.(研究表明，当我们自己提出一个问题时，我们更有可能记住所获得的信息。这是有道理——我们往往会询问自己感兴趣或相关的事情，而通过提问，我们会亲自投入到答案中。)”可知，本段主要讲述了提问可以使我们记住所获得的信息。选项A“Questionsimprovememory(问题提升记忆力)”作为小标题，精准概括段落主旨。故选A。【19题详解】空前“Ifweareopentochildren’squestionsandleaveroomfordiscussion,thelessoncanquicklybecomemoreinterestingwhenthechildren’sownquestionsguideit.(如果我们对孩子的问题持开放态度，并留出讨论的空间，当孩子们自己的问题引导课程时，课堂会很快变得更有趣。)”提到当孩子的问题引导课程时，课堂会更有趣；而空后“Aquestioncanmakestudentspersonallyengagedinthetopicoractivity.(一个问题可以让学生个人投入到主题或活动中。)”则强调问题让学生个人投入主题。选项D“Andtheygetalotofbenefitsfromaskingquestions(他们从提问中获得很多好处。)”承上启下，既总结前句“课程更有趣”的结果，又引出后句“个人投入”的具体收益，逻辑顺畅。故选D。【20题详解】上文“Therearemanybenefitsofinquiry-basedlearning.Anysubjectortopicstartsoutwithbroad,foundationalinformationthatformsthebasisformorein-depthorspecificknowledge.Aquestionposedattherighttimebuildsessentialknowledge.Withthatunderstanding,themorecomplexandmoreinterestingknowledgehasroots.(探究式学习有很多好处。任何学科或主题都是从广泛的基础信息开始的，这些信息构成了更深入或更具体知识的基础。在恰当的时候提出的问题能构建必要的知识。有了这种理解，更复杂、更有趣的知识就有了根基。)”提到复杂知识有了根基。选项C“Andthelearningprovidesachancetogrow(而学习提供了成长的机会)”补充了知识根基带来的结果，即通过学习实现成长，与“根基”形成隐喻呼应，完整阐述知识积累的逻辑。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasateenager,Imanagedtobothskipmyfreshmanyearofhighschoolandgainentryintoadual-credit(双学分)highschoolprogram.Foreverycollege____21____Itookthroughtheprogram,IwouldgainhighschoolcredittowardgraduationandanAssociate’sdegree.Itwasthere,inmyjunioryear,thatIfoundmy____22____weaknessinacademia:chemistry.Mindyou,thecollegewasawareofhighschool____23____beingintegratedintotheirclasses.However,theprofessor____24____weallhadtakenchemistrybefore—abig____25____forstudentslikemewhohadn’t.Withnobasicteachingandastrict“nodroporswitchcourses”____26____,mypeersandIweredoomed(注定的)toaclasswithnobasicfoundation.Mygrades____27____sharply,andsodidmyconfidence.Oneevening,afterweeksofstudying,tutoring,andpractice,I____28____afailedexampaper.I’dscoredjust58,andtearsfilledmyeyes.Myfour-year-oldbrothersawmesittingonthefloornearmydesk.Heplacedhisstuffedcatbesideme,climbedontomylap,and____29____pattedmyface.“Don’tbesad,”hesaidsoftly.“I’mheretobeyour_____30_____soyoucanbehappy.”Throughoutthemessofthatchemistrycourse,thatistheshining_____31_____Isawattheendofthetunnel.Iendedup_____32_____theclass,butmybrotherhelpedmeseethattherewasan_____33_____tothatnightmare.Sometimeslittlebrothersknewthewarmthingtosayoutofinnocentloveand_____34_____.Mybrother’sloveshowedmethatfailureis_____35_____,andthatsupportfromlovedonescanturneventhehardestdaysintohopefulones.21.A.course B.major C.program D.task22.A.current B.slight C.fatal D.minor23.A.teachers B.students C.educators D.leaders24.A.insisted B.suggested C.said D.assumed25.A.style B.misunderstanding C.desire D.permission26.A.rule B.schedule C.device D.recognition27.A.closed B.quit C.dropped D.increased28.A.talkedaround B.askedabout C.calledfor D.staredat29.A.proudly B.gently C.merely D.madly30.A.gift B.goal C.dream D.eagerness31.A.chance B.line C.light D.gold32.A.attending B.failing C.calling D.discussing33.A..end B.aim C.edge D.opinion34.A.ideal B.permission C.curiosity D.concern35.A.curable B.essential C.temporary D.realistic【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在青少年时期参加双学分高中项目时，在化学课程上遇到的困难和挑战，以及作者四岁弟弟给予的温暖支持和鼓励，使作者明白了失败是暂时的，亲人的支持可以让最艰难的日子也充满希望。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这个项目修读的每一门大学课程，我都可以同时获得高中毕业学分和副学士学位学分。A.course课程；B.major专业；C.program项目、程序；D.task任务。根据空后的“Itookthroughtheprogram”以及下文“Throughoutthemessofthatchemistrycourse,thatistheshining________Isawattheendofthetunnel.”可知，此处指的是作者通过这个项目修读的大学课程。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在高三那年，我发现了自己在学术上的致命弱点：化学。A.current当前的；B.slight轻微的；C.fatal致命的；D.minor较小的。根据下文“Withnobasicteachingandastrict“nodroporswitchcourses”_______,mypeersandIweredoomed(注定的)toaclasswithnobasicfoundation.Mygrades_______sharply,andsodidmyconfidence.”可知，作者因未学过基础化学而挂科，成绩和信心大幅下降，说明化学是致命的学术弱点。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要说明的是，学院知道有高中生参与他们的课程。A.teachers教师；B.students学生；C.educators教育家；D.leaders领导者。根据上文“WhenIwasateenager,Imanagedtobothskipmyfreshmanyearofhighschoolandgainentryintoadual-credit(双学分)highschoolprogram.”可知，作者以高中生身份参加双学分项目，所以大学知道有高中的学生参与他们的课程。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，教授却假设我们所有人都学过化学——这对于像我这样没学过化学的学生来说，是一个巨大的误解。A.insisted坚持；B.suggested建议；C.said说；D.assumed假设、认为。根据空后“weallhadtakenchemistrybefore”以及后续的问题可知，教授虽然知道有高中生参与课堂，可是却以为这些学生都学过化学。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有基础教学，而且还有一条严格的“禁止退课或换课”的规定，我和同学们注定要在没有基础知识的情况下学习这门课程。A.style风格、方式；B.misunderstanding误解；C.desire愿望；D.permission允许。根据上文可知，教授假设学生有化学基础，而像作者这样的学生并未学过，这是一个误解。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有基础教学，而且还有一条严格的“禁止退课或换课”的规定，我和同学们注定要在没有基础知识的情况下学习这门课程。A.rule规则；B.schedule时间表；C.device设备；D.recognition识别。根据空前““nodroporswitchcourses””可推测，“禁止退课或换课”是课程的规则。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的成绩急剧下降，信心也一落千丈。A.closed关闭；B.quit离开；C.dropped放弃、退学；D.increased增加、提高。根据上文“Withnobasicteachingandastrict“nodroporswitchcourses”______,mypeersandIweredoomed(注定的)toaclasswithnobasicfoundation.”可知，作者由于缺乏基础且无法退课，成绩大幅下降。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，经过数周的学习、辅导和练习后，我盯着一张不及格的试卷。A.talkedaround含糊其辞地说；B.askedabout询问；C.calledfor呼吁、要求；D.staredat凝视。根据空后“afailedexampaper.”可知，作者盯着不及格的试卷，符合沮丧的情绪。故选D。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他把他的毛绒猫放在我旁边，爬到我的腿上，轻轻地拍了拍我的脸。A.proudly自豪地；B.gently温柔地；C.merely仅仅；D.madly疯狂地。根据空后“pattedmyface”以及常理可知，四岁弟弟应该是温柔地拍作者的脸，体现安慰的动作。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“别难过，”他轻声说道，“我来当你的礼物，这样你就能开心了。”A.gift礼物；B.goal目标；C.dream梦想；D.eagerness渴望。根据上文““Don’tbesad,”hesaidsoftly.”可知，弟弟是来安慰作者。所以弟弟应该是说自己来当作者的礼物，从而让作者开心，符合孩子天真的表达。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在整个混乱的化学课程中，这是我在隧道尽头看到的一束光芒。A.chance机会；B.line排、行；C.light光线；D.gold金。根据下文“Mybrother’sloveshowedmethatfailureis_______,andthatsupportfromlovedonescanturneventhehardestdaysintohopefulones.”可知，弟弟的鼓励和支持让作者看到了希望。此处考查短语“seetheshininglightattheendofthetunnel”，意为“隧道尽头的光芒”，指困境中的希望。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我最终这门课没及格，但我弟弟让我明白，那场噩梦终有结束的时候。A.attending参加、出席；B.failing失败、不及格；C.calling打电话、呼叫；D.discussing讨论。根据下文“butmybrotherhelpedmeseethattherewasan_______tothatnightmare.”中的but可推测，空处与下文存在转折关系。下文说弟弟让作者明白噩梦终会结束，所以空处指的是作者的这门课没有及格。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我最终这门课没及格，但我弟弟让我明白，那场噩梦终有结束的时候。A.end结束、末尾；B.aim目标；C.edge边缘、优势；D.opinion意见、观点。根据上文“Throughoutthemessofthatche