2025届高中英语一轮复习：必修第三册　Unit 3　The world of science

必修第三册Unit3Theworldofscience01内容索引01基础知识排查02核心考点突破03基础知识达标04写作能力提升<基础知识排查>02Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意12gunpowder n.火药compass n.指南针，罗盘virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的battery n.电池compute v.计算345stuff n.东西，物品astronomer n.天文学家Gregoriancalendar

公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法)species n.物种6789stream n.小河，小溪radium n.镭(一种化学元素)lightning n.闪电fiction n.虚构的事，想象的事metal n.金属gravity n.重力，引力101112131415Ⅱ.重点单词——记形12press v.按shoot v.射出(光线等)，放射desire n.渴望，欲望passive adj.被动的beyond prep.无法……345instance n.例子，实例extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的theory n.学说，理论mental adj.精神的；精神健康的67891011cure n.药剂；疗法draft v.起草，草拟experiment n.(科学)实验flash n.闪光entirely adv.完全地，彻底地1213141516account n.记述，描述proof n.证明，证据procedure n.程序，步骤，手续1718flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly adv.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性；弹性；适应性capable adj.有能力的→capability n.能力Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变12significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n.重要性，意义injure v.使受伤，弄伤→injury n.伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的34chemist n.化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的biologist n.生物学家→biology n.生理；生物学→biological adj.生物(学)的56accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地→accuracy n.精确度，准确性minor adj.小的；次要的→minority n.少数78origin n.起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的

n.原作→originally adv.原来，最初declaration n.声明，宣告→declare v.宣布910attach v.系，绑；贴；附→attached adj.附属于；依恋的→attachment n.附件；连接物；依恋conduct v.传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→conductor n.导体；指挥；售票员1112scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学；理科→scientist n.科学家13[拔高词汇]mobilise(NAmE-ize)/'məʊbəlaɪz/

vt.&vi.组织；鼓动；动员neutrality/njuː'træləti/

n.中立；中立状态invade/ɪn'veɪd/

vi.&vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯123surrender/sə'rendə(r)/

vi.&vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出

n.投降；屈服；屈从fightback 还击；抵抗assault/ə'sɔːlt/

n.攻击；突击；袭击

vt.猛烈攻击；袭击；

侵犯(尤指构成犯罪)456swift/swɪft/

adj.迅即发生的；速度快的；敏捷的intact/ɪn'tækt/

adj.完好无损；完整reinforcement/ˌriːɪn'fɔːsmənt/

n.[pl.]援军；增援警力

[U](感情或思想等的)巩固；加强fate/feɪt/

n.命中注定的事(尤指坏事)；命运78910Ⅳ.背核心短语12wearabletech 可穿戴技术inaddition 除此之外，另外neversaynever 别轻易说决不naturalselection 自然选择fieldresearch 实地研究，实地调研34567insteadof 代替；而不是intermsof 按照；谈及；在……方面alongwith 连同……一起takeplace 发生；举行diefrom 死于；因……而死8910Ⅴ.悟经典句式1Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.(therebe句型)纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。Andnow，wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。23Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.(itispossibletodo)在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings？(强调句型的特殊疑问句式)那么，是什么激励着我们去发明东西呢？45Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(what引导的主语从句)不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。6ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey，hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.(虚拟语气)但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。7Infact，morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple，thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(morethanone作主语)事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这颗苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.compass n._____________2.virtual adj._______________3.species n.______4.stuff n.___________5.gravity n.___________6.astronomer n._________词汇默写指南针，罗盘虚拟的，模拟的物种东西，物品重力，引力天文学家Ⅱ.重点单词1._______ n.学说，理论2.______ v.按3._______ adj.精神的；精神健康的4._____ n.药剂；疗法5._____________ adj.非凡的，出色的6.______ n.证明，证据theorypressmentalcureextraordinaryproof7.__________ n.程序，步骤，手续8.______ v.射出(光线等)，放射9.___________ n.(科学)实验10.________ n.记述，描述11.______ n.渴望，欲望12.________ adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的procedureshootexperimentaccountdesirebrilliantⅢ.拓展单词1._______ adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→_______ adv.灵活地；有弹性地→_________ n.灵活性；弹性；适应性2.________ v.传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→__________ n.导体；指挥；售票员flexibleflexiblyflexibilityconductconductor3.________ n.化学家；药剂师；药房→_________ n.化学→________ adj.化学的4._________ n.生物学家→_______ n.生理；生物学→_________ adj.生物(学)的chemistchemistrychemicalbiologistbiologybiological5.______ v.系，绑；贴；附→________ adj.附属于；依恋的→___________ n.附件；连接物；依恋6.______ adj.小的；次要的→________ n.少数attachattachedattachmentminorminorityⅣ.拔高词汇1.invade vi.&vt.______________________2.surrender vi.&vt.______________________ n.__________________3.assault n.__________________

vt.___________________________________4.swift adj._____________________________5.fate n.____________________________武装入侵；侵略；侵犯投降；(被迫)放弃，交出投降；屈服；屈从攻击；突击；袭击猛烈攻击；袭击；侵犯(尤指构成犯罪)迅即发生的；速度快的；敏捷的命中注定的事(尤指坏事)；命运Ⅴ.核心短语1._______________ 别轻易说决不2.alongwith _____________3.fieldresearch ___________________4.naturalselection _________5.wearabletech ___________neversaynever连同……一起实地研究，实地调研自然选择可穿戴技术Ⅰ.词形变化填空1.Thisincidentisso__________thatits___________willneverfadeaway.(significant)2.Hegot_______inthegameandthe______seemedveryserious.(injure)3.Thefigureswerenot___________sothattheycouldn’tensurethe_________oftheirexperimentresult.(accurate)4.Heis__________ofmemorizingfiftyEnglishwordsinfiveminutes，sohehasthe__________tounderstandthedifficultEnglisharticle.(capable)语境运用significantsignificanceinjuredinjuryaccurateaccuracycapablecapacity5.Idon’tknowaboutthe________ofthatspecies，butI’msureitmuststillhavemanyofits__________features.(origin)6.She__________thatshewouldnotchangehermindandmanycitizenswerestronglyagainsther____________.(declare)7.The_________hasmadesomany________achievementsin_______inrecentyears.(scientific)originoriginaldeclareddeclarationscientistscientificscienceⅡ.选词填空1.__________blamingthechild，shegavehimatolerantsmileandlethimgo.2.Greatchanges________________inourhometownanditisbeyondrecognition.3.Thejobisgreat____________salary，butithasitsdisadvantages.inaddition，intermsof，takeplace，diefrom，insteadofInsteadofhavetakenplaceintermsof4.Unfortunately，alotofpeopleinAfrica________thisdiseaseeveryyear.5.MusicmakesmehappywhenIfeelupset.__________，Ifeelconfidentwhensingingapopsong.inaddition，intermsof，takeplace，diefrom，insteadofdiefromInadditionⅢ.经典句型仿写1.我写信是想告诉你，时间表有过一些调整。(therebe句型)I’mwritingtotellyou___________________________________________.2.由于社会的飞速发展，他们发现自己处于进退两难的境地。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)They____________________________asaconsequenceofrapidchangesinsociety.therehavebeensomeadjustmentstothetimetablefoundthemselvesinadilemma3.因为有那么多不同的课程可以选择，所以你很可能找到你想学的那门课程。(itispossible...)Astherearesomanydifferentcoursestochoosefrom，_____________________________youdesiretostudy.4.究竟为什么他会做出这种愚蠢又忘恩负义的行为？(强调句型的特殊疑问句式)_______________hehadsuchfoolishandungratefulconduct？itispossibletofindthecourseWhywasitthat5.如果他经常练钢琴的话，他一定已经赢得比赛了。(虚拟语气)Ifhehadpracticedthepianoonaregularbasis，______________________________________.hewouldcertainlyhavewonthecontestNowadays，manycapablepeopledesire1._________(invent)stuffthatcanmakepeople’slife2.______(easy)thanbefore,3._____issignificant.Forinstance，manybrilliant4.___________(housewife)makeextraordinaryminorinventions，whichisaproof5.______everyonecanmake6.___differencetoourlifebeyondourexpectations.Somefailmanytimes7._____theyneversaynever.Theyconduct8.___________(science)experimentsoverandoveragainuntilthey’re9.________(entire)satisfiedwithaccurateresults.Inaddition，theyattachimportancetodetermination，which10.__________(account)fortheirsuccess.返回toinventeasierwhichhousewivesthatabutscientificentirelyaccounts<提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇核心考点突破>03n.渴望，欲望；要求

vt.渴望，希望；要求·haveastrongdesiretodosth强烈渴望做某事haveastrongdesireforsth急于想得到某物·desire(sb)todosth希望(某人)做某事desirethat...(should)do...希望……1desire(1)(应用文写作之求助信)我在为我的家人和朋友选择中国工艺品时遇到了困难，我非常渴望你及时的帮助。IhavedifficultychoosingChineseartcraftsformyfamilyandfriendsandI______________________________________________.(2)(应用文写作之推荐信)既然你有强烈的学习中国文化的愿望，我向你强烈推荐北京大学。Since_________________________________________________________，IstronglyrecommendPekingUniversitytoyou.haveastrongdesirefor/desireyourtimelyassistanceyouhaveastrongdesire/stronglydesiretolearnChineseculture(3)(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作)我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们沉重的压力，还可以开阔我们的视野。We_____________________________________________________________________________________________________，whichcannotonlybreakdownourheavypressurebutalsobroadenourhorizons.desireourschooltoorganisemoreactivitieslikethis/desirethatourschool(should)organisemoreactivitieslikethisadj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的

(significantlyadv.有重大意义地，显著地；别有含义地，意味深长地significancen.重要性，意义)significant2beofgreatsignificance(＝beverysignificant)非常重要beofnosignificance无意义，不重要attachsignificanceto...认为……有意义/重要(1)(应用文写作之活动报道)通过参加这次活动，我意识到了学习历史的重要性。Throughparticipatinginthisactivity，_________________________________________________________.(2)(话题写作之学校生活)另外，我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极、按时上体育课。毕竟，户外运动对我们的身体健康是非常重要的。Inaddition，I___________________________________________，sowestudentsmustattendPEclassactivelyandpunctually.Afterall，outdoorexercise_______________________________________________________.Ihavebecomeawareofthesignificanceofstudyinghistoryattachgreatsignificancetoworkingoutatschoolisofgreatsignificance/isverysignificanttoourphysicalhealthv.使受伤，弄伤

(injuryn.伤害，损伤injuredadj.受伤的)injure3·get/beinjured受伤·dosbaninjury(＝doaninjurytosb)弄伤某人·theinjured伤者(1)Theexplosiondidserious________tosomepassers-by；fortunately，the_______wereimmediatelyrushedtothenearesthospital.(injure)(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松，我们起身为他鼓掌。Though__________________________，hewasdeterminedtofinishthemarathonandwerosetoapplaudhim.injuriesinjured(hegot/was)injuredintheleg4curen.药剂；疗法vt.治愈(病人或动物)；治好(疾病)；纠正/去除(弊端等)·acurefor...……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法·curesbofsth治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为(1)(应用文写作之人物介绍)看到病人忍受着巨大的痛苦，医生们正在尽最大努力研发一种针对这种疾病的新疗法，这种疗法还可以治疗人们其他的严重疾病。Seeingpatientssufferinggreatpains，doctorsaretryingtheirbest________________________________，whichalsocan____________________________________________________________.(2)(2022·天津3月，书面表达)我坚信，只要我们永不说“不”，我们就一定能改掉自己的坏习惯。Iholdthestrongbeliefthataslongasweneversaynever，wecandefinitely____________________________.todevelopanewcureforthediseasecurepeopleofothersevereillnesses/curepeople’sothersevereillnessescureourselvesofourbadhabitsv.系，绑，贴；喜欢，依恋；附在……上；认为有重要性

(attachedadj.喜爱的，依恋的；附属于attachmentn.附件，附属物)attach5·attachsthto...把某物连接到/附在……上attachoneselfto依附；缠着attachimportance/significance/valueto重视；认为……重要/有意义/

有价值(to是介词)·beattachedto被连接到……；爱慕；附属于(1)(应用文写作之申请信)Pleasefindmyapplicationletterandrésuméinthe___________(attach).(2)Inaddition，thehospital_____________(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.(3)(应用文写作之建议信)在学习一门外语的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。You_______________________________________________duringthecourseoflearningaforeignlanguage.attachmentattachedcanneverattachtoomuchsignificancetoreading(4)(读后续写之动作链描写)他拿出吊床，拴到树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。Hetookoutthehammock，_____________________andlayinitcomfortably，listeningtohisfavoritemusic.attachedittothetrees6accountn.记述，描述；说明；账目；(银行)账户v.认为是，视为·onaccountof由于，因为takeaccountof...(＝oaccount/consideration)考虑到，

把……考虑进去onnoaccount决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)giveanaccountof叙述/描述·accountfor是……的原因；解释；(数量上、比例上)占(1)Couldyouaccount______yourrudebehaviorthatnight?(2)由于突如其来的大雨，我们更难找到回家的路。_____________________________________，wehadmoredifficultyfindingourwayhome.forOnaccountoftheunexpectedheavyrain(3)(2023·天津3月，书面表达)每当遇到陷入困境的人，一个活雷锋绝不会袖手旁观。①Whenevermeetinganyonewhoistrappedindifficulties，alivingLeifengwill_____________________.②Whenevermeetinganyonewhoistrappedindifficulties，_____________________________________________.(用倒装句改写)onnoaccountstandbyonnoaccountwillalivingLeifengstandby(4)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。Iwouldappreciateit___________________________________________________________________.(5)(应用文写作之告知信)我写信的目的是向您详细讲述我在一次志愿者项目中难忘的经历。I’mwritingto_______________________myunforgettableexperienceinavolunteerprogramme.ifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoaccount/takeaccountofmyapplicationgiveyouafullaccountof用法点拨表示“决不”的短语还有innocase，atnotime，innosense，innoway，bynomeans，onnocondition，undernocircumstances，onnoconsideration，onnooccasion等。7Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。·what在此句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。·what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语)，

可以译成多种意思：……的东西或事情；……的人或样子；……的数量或数

目；……的时间；……的地方。what引导的主语从句(1)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)我们应该关注的是我们能为海洋保护做什么，而不是仅仅喊口号。___________________________________is_________________foroceanprotectioninsteadofshoutingslogans.(2)一座新体育馆在曾经的荒地上建了起来。Anewstadiumwasbuilton_________________________.Whatweshouldfocuson/concentrateonwhatwecoulddowhatusedtobeawasteland(3)(2020·浙江1月，读后续写)他们既沮丧又担心，不知道什么可以使他们抑郁的爱犬高兴起来。似乎过了一个世纪的时间，他们终于想出了一个好主意——给她买一只小狗。有了一个新的玩伴，他们的狗不再是过去的样子了。他们都欣慰地笑了。Upsetandconcerned，theydidn’tknow____________________theirgloomybelovedpetdog.After________________________，agoodideaoccurredtothem—buyingherapuppy.Havinganewplaymate，theirdogwasn’t__________________.Theyallsmiledinrelief.返回whatcouldcheerupwhatseemedlikeacenturywhatsheusedtobe<提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇基础知识达标>041.pressA.v.按，压B.v.逼迫C.v.挤，推D.n.新闻界E.n.印刷机(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled. ____

(2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress，booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.____AEⅠ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍A.v.按，压B.v.逼迫C.v.挤，推D.n.新闻界E.n.印刷机(3)(2021·浙江1月)Withthepumpkinrestingonthetable，holeuppermost，Ibentoverandpressedmyheadagainsttheopening.____

(4)Whatmakesusannoyedisthattheyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision. ____

(5)Idon’twantthepublic，especiallythepresstoknowaboutthismatteratthisstage. ____CBDA.v.引导，带领B.v.指挥(军队、乐队等)

C.v.实施，进行D.v.举止，表现E.v.传导

F.n.经营方式，管理方式(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)The

experiment

of

estimation

he

conductedshowedthatinsomecases，theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate. ____

(2)Thewarm-heartedguideconductedusaroundtheWestLakeandweenjoyedthebreathtakingscenery. ____

CA2.conductA.v.引导，带领B.v.指挥(军队、乐队等)

C.v.实施，进行D.v.举止，表现E.v.传导

F.n.经营方式，管理方式(3)HewasmorethanhonouredtobeinvitedtoconductaconcertinAmerica. ____(4)Thereisnodenyingthathisconductofthebusinesswasverysuccessful. ____

(5)Therearesomematerialsthatconductheatwell. ____

(6)Makesurethatyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.____

BFEDA.v.射出，射击B.v.拍摄C.v.射门，投篮D.v.(使)快速移动E.n.嫩枝，新芽(1)ThemoviewasshotinNewZealandanditappealedtonumerouspeople. _____

(2)Oncewesetfootinthepark，wefoundtherosesputtingoutnewshoots. _____

(3)Hefinallyhitthetargetafterheshotatitseveraltimes. _____

BEA3.shootA.v.射出，射击B.v.拍摄C.v.射门，投篮D.v.(使)快速移动E.n.嫩枝，新芽(4)(2021·浙江6月)Summersinthemid-70swerespentathomeshootingbaskets，hittingabaseball，orthrowingafootball，preparingformyfutureasaquarterbackonafootballteam. ____

(5)(2021·新课标Ⅰ)ThenJeffnoticedsteamshootingoutofthepotandthelidstartingtoshake. ____

CD4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的意思(1)ThewholeproblemwasquitebeyondmeandIdidn’tknowhowtosolveit. ________________________________(2)(2021·全国甲)Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.__________(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ)“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage，butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand，”MrTittermansaid. _________prep.超出……之外，非……所能及n.(人/车)流n.穿堂风(4)AgoodideaflashedintomymindandIsmiledwithextremeexcitement. ________________(5)(2020·浙江7月)ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests. ________________v.闪现，突然想到n.一系列，一连串Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1.Herosetohisfeetandsaidthatitcouldn’tbemeasured_____termsofmoney.2.Inmyopinion，hisperseverancemayaccount_____hisachievementsinhiswork.3.____addition，themajorproblemswhichshouldbepaidattentiontoarediscussed.4.Manyavolunteer_________(donate)moneytotheinstitution

setuptohelppeoplewithcancer.inforIndonates5.Tryingtocurethewoman____herillness，thedoctortriedtofindanewtreatment.6.Tohisrelief，hissonisstudyinginahighschool_________(attach)toakeyuniversity.7.He____________(injure)onthewaytoschoolandhisclassmateswenttoseehimandaidhim.8.Hehasbeensufferingfromaseriousdiseaseandhehaschangedbeyond___________(recognise).ofattachedwasinjuredrecognition9.Inreality，asaresultofashortageoffunds，wearenotcapable_____continuingourproject.10.Wedesirethatsomeeffectivemeasures_________________(take)assoonaspossible.返回of(should)betaken<写作能力提升>05假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，为帮助学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一次关于航天科学的讲座，请你用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括：1.讲座的时间、地点；2.讲座的目的及内容；3.希望同学们踊跃参加。航天科学完成句子1.人类高度重视航天飞行，因此本周五下午两点将在学校大厅举行一场以“太空科学”为主题的讲座，时长为两个小时。(attach)_______________________________________________________________2.了解我国太空飞行的历史、成就以及发展趋势很重要。(significant；动名词短语作主语)_______________________________________________________________3.由同样的专家呈现的第二部分将涉及相关的科学成果，如找到一些疾病的最新治疗方法。(cure；过去分词作后置定语)_______________________________________________________________完成句子4.第三部分关注的是参与者可以提出他们感兴趣的问题。(what引导的主语从句)_______________________________________________________________5.非常欢迎那些想要更多了解太空的人来参加这次讲座。(desire；定语从句)_______________________________________________________________把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇NoticeHumanbeingsattachgreatsignificancetospaceflights，soalecturethemedonspacesciencewillbeheldintheschoolhallat2o’clockthisFridayafternoonandwilllasttwohours.Thelecturemainlyconsistsofthreeparts.Learningaboutthehistory，achievementsaswellasdevelopmenttrendsofspaceflightsinourcountryisverysignificant，whichthefirstpartwillmainlytalkabout.参考范文Thesecondpartpresentedbythesameexpertswilldealwiththerelatedscientificbenefits，suchasfindingthelatestcureforsomeillnesses.Whatthethirdpartwillfocusonisthatparticipantscanaskquestionstheyarecuriousabout.Thosewhodesiretolearnmoreaboutspacearehighlywelcometotakepartinthelecture.TheStudents’Council参考范文亮词[人物描写]

flexible；capable；