Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元综合检测（含解析）高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册

2/2单元综合检测(四)第一部分阅读第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATopPianoPlayersintheWorldMarthaArgerichMarthaArgerichcouldbeconsideredthenextBeethoven,assheisoneofthemostoutstandingpianistsevertoplay．Argerichpreferredbeingonstagewithothersinsteadofperformingsolo;therefore,shehasbeenperforminginaconcertoformatsincethe1980s．Argerichwasnotoneforthespotlight,assheoftenavoidedpublicappearancessuchasinterviews;however,hergreattalentwasallthepublicitysheneeded,standingoutduringconcertosandsonatas．LeifOveAndsnesKnownforhisappealingperformancesofEdvardGrieg'sworks,Andsneshaswonpraiseforhisperformancesatsomeoftheworld'smostfamousconcerthalls．AndsneshascertainlymadehismarkinNorway,asheisthefoundingdirectorofNorway'sRosendalChamberMusicFestival．Becauseofhisuniquevoiceandinterestingapproach,hewaspraisedbyTheNewYorkTimesasa“pianistofauthoritativeelegance,power,andinsight”．AlfredBrendelKnownforhisbeautifulinterpretationsofBeethoven,Haydn,SchubertandMozart,AlfredBrendelwasconsideredoneofthegreats．Heplayedinvariousconcertosthroughouthiscareerandbecameknownforhisinterpretivecoldnessinrecreatingtheseworks．Brendelwasconsideredoneofthegreatestmusiciansofthe20thcentury,ashemadehismarkintheclassicalmusicindustry．Brendelwasself-taughtandlearnedhisloveofpianoatanearlyage．ArthurRubinsteinArthurRubinsteinwascertainlyoneofthegreats．Hiscareerbeganintheearly20thcenturywhenhebegantocomeintocontactwithsomeoftheworld'smostimportantcomposers,suchasMauriceRavel,PaulDukas,andJacquesThibaud．Hemadevarioustripsworldwideandvisitednearlyeverycontinent,wherecrowdsmethimwithgreatpraiseandencouragement．1．Whatdoesthefemalepianistfocusoninhercareer?A．Skillsinhostingconcertosandsonatas．B．Cooperationwithothermusicians．C．Closerelationshipswiththemedia．D．Uniquewaystointerpretmusic．2．Wholearnedmusicbyhimselforherself?A．MarthaArgerich．B．LeifOveAndsnes．C．AlfredBrendel．D．ArthurRubinstein．3．HowisArthurRubinsteindifferentfromtheotherpianists?A．HewasthedirectorofaNorwegianfestival．B．Hemadeadifferenceinclassicalmusic．C．Hewasthebestmusicianofthe20thcentury．D．Hegotintouchwithsomefamouscomposers．BConventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness．ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness．Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtcomfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies．Shetravelledaroundthecountrysidewithlocalgirls,beatingbushestocatchfallinglarvae(幼虫),andrecruitedherservantsasassistantstocollectspecimens(样本)．Becauseofunusualgenerosityinpayingforafinespecimen,shesoonaccumulatedasubstantialcollectionofbutterflies．Afterbringinglarvaehome,shemeticulouslyloggedtheirgrowth,providingsomeoftheearliestdetailedaccountsofinsectlifecycles．However,wanderingthecountrysidewithacollectingnetwasconsideredweirdbehaviorforanyonebackthen,letaloneawoman,andshewasaccusedofgoingoutdressedlikea“gypsy”．Besidesherownextensiveresearch,Granvilleexchangedlettersandbutterflieswithothercollectors．AnotherenthusiastWilliamVernonreportedthatshehadowned“thenoblestcollectionsofbutterflies,allEnglish,whichhasshamedus”．Shesent100examplestotheRoyalSocietyandalsosentJamesPetiver,England'smostcelebratedbutterflyexpert,boxesofcarefullypinnedbutterflies,includingseveralthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown,andnotablytheonelaternamedtheGranvillefritillarywhosewingscarrystrikingbrownandyellowpatterns,aspeciesofspecialconcernduetothedeclineofthetotalnumberundertheinfluenceoffoodlossandhotterweather．EleanorGranvilleremainstheonlyBritishnaturalisttohavelefthernametoanativebutterflyspecies．Apioneerinthestudyofentomology(昆虫学),Granvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject．Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville'spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon'sNaturalHistoryMuseum．Hernamelivesonthebutterfliessheloved．4．WhatdoweknowaboutGranville?A．Shepaidgenerouslyforeveryspecimen．B．Shewasaccusedofdesertingherfamily．C．Studyingbutterfliesprovidedanescapefromherlife．D．Workingwithlocalgirlsearnedheragoodreputation．5．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A．JamesPetivergreatlyinfluencedGranville．B．Granville'seffortsshamedtheRoyalSociety．C．TheGranvillefritillaryisanendangeredspecies．D．Granville'sworkwasacademicallyrecognized．6．HowdidGranvillecontributetothefieldofentomology?A．Bynamingbutterfliesandmoths．B．Bystudyingrarebutterflyspecimens．C．Byofferinguphercollectionsforresearch．D．Byintroducingentomologyintouniversities．7．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．ABattleAgainstSocialConventionsB．AWomanWhoCollectedButterfliesC．AnAdventurerTrappedinaWomanD．AnUndertakingThatChangedHistoryCAgroundbreakingnewstudyfindsthatcoffeebeansarebiggerandmoreplentifulwhenbirdsandbeesteamuptoprotectandpollinatecoffeeplants．Withoutthesewingedhelpers,sometravellingthousandsofmiles,coffeefarmerswouldseea25%dropincrops,alossofroughly$1，066peracreofcoffee．That'simportantforthe$26billioncoffeeindustry—includingconsumers,farmers,andcorporationswhodependonnature'sunpaidlabor—buttheresearchgoesbeyondthat．ThestudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesisthefirsttoshow,usingreal-worldexperimentsat30coffeefarms,thatthecontributionsofnature—inthiscase,beepollinationcombinedwithpestcontrolbybirds—arelargerthantheirindividualcontributions．“Untilnow,researchershavetypicallycalculatedthebenefitsofnatureseparately,andthensimplyaddedthemup,whichactuallyunderestimatesthebenefitsbiodiversityprovidestoagricultureandhumanwell-being，”saysleadexpertAlejandra．“Butnatureisaninteractingsystem,fullofimportantsynergies(协同)．Weshowtheecologicalandeconomicimportanceoftheseinteractionsinoneofthefirstexperimentsinactualfarms．”Fortheexperiment,researchersdealtwithcoffeeplantsacross30farms,excludingbirdsandbeeswithacombinationoflargenetsandsmallbags．Theytestedfourkeysituations:birdactivityalone,beeactivityalone,nobirdorbeeactivityatall,andfinally,anaturalenvironment,wherebeesandbirdswerefreetopollinateandeatinsectslikethecoffeeberryborer,oneofthemostdamagingpestsaffectingcoffeeproductionworldwide．Thecombinedpositiveeffectsofbirdsandbeesonfruitset,fruitweightandfruituniformity—keyfactorsinqualityandprice—weregreaterthantheirindividualeffects,thestudyshows．“Birds,bees,andmillionsofotherspeciessupportourlivesandlivelihoods,butfacethreatslikehabitatdestructionandclimatechange，”saysAlejandra．“Oneimportantreasonwemeasurethesecontributionsistohelpprotectthemanyspeciesthatwedependon,andsometimestakeforgranted．”8．Whatdoesthenewresearchfocuson?A．Waystoincreasecoffeeproduction．B．Wingedhelpers'effectsoncoffeeplants．C．Factorsaffectingcoffeeplants'pollination．D．Theimportanceofpestcontroloncoffeeplants．9．Whichofthefollowingisamajorboosttothecoffeeindustry?A．High-qualityservice．B．Governmentintervention．C．Expandinginvestment．D．Maintainingbiodiversity．10．Howdidtheresearchersconductthetestsaccordingtoparagraph5?A．Byintroducingaconcept．B．Bymakingcomparisons．C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata．D．Byreferringtoapreviousstudy．11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Advertisement． B．Health．C．Science． D．Travel．DBabiesaresurroundedbyhumanlanguage,alwayslisteningandprocessing．Eventually,theyputsoundstogethertoproducea“Daddy”ora“Mama”．Butwhatstillconfusesneuroscientistsisexactlyhowthebrainworkstoputitalltogether．Tofigureitout,ateamofresearchersturnedtoafrequentstand-in(代替)forbabieswhenitcomestolanguagelearning:thesong-learningzebrafinch．“We'veknownsongbirdslearntheirsongbyfirstformingamemoryoftheirfather'ssongoranotheradult'ssong．Thentheyusethatmemorytoguidetheirsonglearning，”saidNeuroscientistToddRoberts．“It'sbeenalong-termgoalofthefieldtofigureouthoworwhereinthebrainthismemoryis．Thistypeofimitativelearningthatbirdsdoisverysimilartothetypeoflearningthatweengageinregularly—particularlywhenwe'reyoung,weuseittoguideourspeechlearning．”Robertsandhisteamhadafeelingthattheinterfacebetweensensoryareasandmotorareasinthebrainwascriticalforthisprocess,andtheyfocusedonagroupofbraincellscalledtheNIf．“Inordertoprovethatwecouldidentifythesecircuits,wethoughtifwecouldimplantafalsememory．”First,theyusedavirustocausetheneuronsinthebirds'NIftobecomesensitivetolight．Then,usingatinyelectrodeasaflashlight,theyactivatedtheneurons．Thelengthofeachpulseoflightcorrespondedwiththeamountoftimetheneuronswouldfire．Andthebirds'brainsinterpretedthattimeperiodasthelengthofeachnote．Soonenough,thebirdsbegantopracticethenotestheyhadlearned,eventhoughtheyneverreallyheardthesounds．Amazingly,thebirdsproducedtheminthecorrectsocialsituations．Theresearcherssaythisisthefirsttimeanybodyhasfoundexactlyapartofthebrainnecessaryforgeneratingthesortsofmemoriesneededtocopysounds．“Thislineofresearchisgoingtohelpusidentifywhereinthebrainweencodememoriesofrelevantsocialexperiencesthatweusetoguidelearning．Weknowthatthereareseveralneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpeoplethathavereallyfar-reachingeffectsonthistypeoflearning．”12．Thezebrafinchisresearchedbecauseitssong-learningmode．A．decideswhetheritwillsingsongsB．helpsittosay“Daddy”or“Mama”C．islikethewaybabieslearnspeechD．reflectsitstalentforimitatingitsfather'ssong13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A．Theinterfaceinthebrain．B．Guidancefromadults．C．Thewayofregularlearning．D．Imitativelearningtypelikebirds'．14．WhatcanwelearnfromtheresearchledbyRoberts?A．Someneuronswereactivatedbytheuseofanelectrode．B．Anewmemorywasimplantedtogeneratenewneurons．C．Abirdsangwhatithadheardbefore．D．Birdsbecamesensitivetolightduetonewsocialsituations．15．WhatdotheRoberts'teamexpectofthislineofresearch?A．Achangeinourwayoflisteningandprocessing．B．Identificationofneurodevelopmentaldisorders．C．Achancetolearnbetterwithrelevantsocialexperiences．D．Abetterknowledgeofthesecretsoflearning．第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ChoosingtheRightPathtoBea“Better”PersonLifeisaconstantexerciseinself-improvement．Intherushtoachieve,theideaofbeing“better”canbecomelostsometimes．Youmayalwayswonderhowtoimproveyourselfandfulfillyourdreamsinaneasierway．16Exploreyourtalents．Everybodyhassomeoutstandingskillsorinterests．Soit'softennecessarytobepatientandtrymanythingsbeforeyoufindonethatsuitsyou．17Forexample,peoplelovingadventuremaynotbeinterestedinthequietchessclub,butsomeonewhoenjoysotherquietactivitiesmightbe．Determiningwhoyouenjoybeingaroundmayhelpyouknowwhatyou'llenjoy．18Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyoumake,youwillnotbehappyifyouspendyourentirelifedoingsomethingyouhate．It'simportanttoatleastdevotesomeofyourtimetowhatmakesyouhappy．Ifyou'reparticularlyunhappyatyourjob,considerwhy．19Ifyoufeelyourjobisn'tmeaningful，orisn'tinlinewithyourvalues,considerfindinganotherjob．Experiencesomethingnew．Researchhasshownthatwhenwe'reinourcomfortzone，wearen'tasproductiveaswearewhenwestepjustbeyondit．20Becauseofthat，wemayreactslowlytoourownpositiveexperiences．It'simportanttohavenewexperiencesandinteractionswithothers，evenwhenthosearealittlescary．Doingsocanhelpyouachievemore．A．Dowhatyoulove．B．Herearesometipsforyou．C．Registerinaclassyou'renotinterestedin．D．Humansadaptveryquicklytopositiveevents．E．It'spossiblethatsomechangesmaychangeyourfeeling．F．Similartypesofpeoplemaybeattractedtothesameactivities．G．Trynottoallowyourselftofocussomuchonacertainaspectofyourlife．第二部分语言运用第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onemorning,IcalledourpregnantcatSockytobefed,butshedidn'tcome．Ithoughtshe'dprobablyfoundsomewhereto21herkittensandwouldturnuplater．ButwhenSockydidn'tcomeatdinnertime,Ireallystartedto22．Sockyhada23ofhavingherkittensinstrangeplaces,soI24allherhiding-placesbutnoSocky．ThenextdaywasSaturdayandIhadthe25daytosearchforher．Irecheckedunderthehouse,butnoluck．AfterlunchItooksome26withmeincaseIfoundher,andthenbegansearchingthebackshed,whichwasfilledwith27boxes．Afteraboutanhourofmovingboxesfromoneplacetoanotherandbackagain,Iwasextremely28．IsatdowntohavearestwhenIheard29mewing．Ipressedmy30againsteachoftheboxestocatchthesounds．31，IfoundSockyandherthreenewly-bornkittens．Astheboxesweren'tin32condition,IimaginedthatwhenSockyjumpedintooneofthebottomboxes,itmusthavecausedthehigheronestofall,33herin．Sockywasvery34toseemeandalthoughshewasweak,shemanagedtoeatthefoodIbroughther．Inamedthethreekittens．Theywereallhealthyand35tobegreatmousecatchersjustliketheirmother．21．A．hide B．nurseC．feed D．have22．A．hesitate B．worryC．regret D．sympathize23．A．habit B．wayC．chance D．sense24．A．selected B．checkedC．discovered D．confirmed25．A．busy B．perfectC．whole D．big26．A．water B．foodC．blankets D．clothes27．A．huge B．heavyC．empty D．colourful28．A．tired B．surprisedC．annoyed D．embarrassed29．A．unique B．lovelyC．loud D．faint30．A．finger B．noseC．ear D．mouth31．A．Finally B．ActuallyC．Exactly D．Instantly32．A．poor B．strangeC．neat D．excellent33．A．allowing B．takingC．involving D．shutting34．A．pleased B．shockedC．curious D．nervous35．A．happened B．grewC．continued D．failed第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms．Daxue,or“MajorSnow”isthe21stofthe24solartermsoftheChineselunaryear．DuringMajorSnow,thesnowbecomesheavyandbeginstoaccumulateontheground,thetemperature36．(drop)significantly．ThesnowinNorthChinamaylast37．wholeday，breakingtreebranchesandblockingtheroad．Thenaturalsceneryis“hundredsofleaguesice-boundgo;overthousandsofleaguesfliessnow”．38．aproverbaboutthesnowsays,“A39．(time)snowpromisesagoodharvest．”Withthesnowcoveringtheground,thelowwintertemperaturekillspests．Theplumblossom,which40．(origin)inChina,isreveredinChinesecultureforitsresilienceduringseverewinters．Alongwiththepineandbamboo,itisconsideredoneoftheThreeFriendsofWinter．LambisafavoritefoodforChinesepeopleduringMajorSnow．It'sexcellentfornourishingthebody,promotingblood41．(circulate)andprovidingprotectionagainstthecold．PeopleinChongqingliketohave42．(pot)orstewedlambsoupwhileNanjingresidentsliketostewlambwithyamsorwolfberriestomakeitmore43．(nutrition)．Duringthisperiod,Chinesepeoplewatch44．outbreaksofrespiratoryillness,whichcanbepreventedbywearingawarmscarftoprotecttheneckandproperly45．(drink)water．第三部分写作第一节假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友吉姆(Jim)听说外卖点餐(orderingmealsonline)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：1．你是否经常外卖点餐；2．你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。注意：1．词数80左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，Yours，LiHua第二节阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Myfive-year-olddaughterRuthieseemedverysmallstandingatthebaseofthehugerock-climbingwallasayoungemployeedouble-checkedherequipment．Itwasoursecondtimeatthisindoorcrowdedclimbinggym．Onourfirstvisit,Ruthiehadbeggedmyhusbandandmetolethertryclimbingthewall,butIdeniedher,afraidthatshewasundersized．Butlifehaddramaticallychangedsincethen．Afterreceivingacancerdiagnosis,Ifeltthatmylifewastooshorttodenyherachance．Istoodoutsidethewaitingarea,watchingtheemployeeattachRuthietoasafetyrope．Thenhegaveherathumbs-upsign,andmydaughterbeganclimbing!Withthatrope,shecouldn'tpossiblyfall．Shemightslip,butshewouldn'tfall．Iwassurprisedathowshedidthatsoeasilyandjoyfully．“Ifmycanceristherockwall,IwanttobeRuthie，”Ithought．Whenshetouchedthegroundagain,Ileanedoverthelowfenceandasked,“Howdoyoudothat？”“Ijusttrusttherope．It'sveryeasy，”shesaidwithashrug,andstartedonhersecondclimbing．Apparently,ifIhadknownthesecret,Icouldhaveclimbedthewallmyself．WhenIwassixteen,Ioncefailedtoclimbarockwall．Withaddedweightandreducedmuscletone,IdoubtedifIcouldevendoit．Ididn'tseeanyothermomstryingtoclimbthewall．Severalmonthsearlier,embarrassmentwouldhavestoppedmefromtrying．Butmycancerdidfunnythingstomybrain．ItmademerealizethatIneededtobebraverthanIthought．Withdetermination,Idecidedtotryitandthesameyoungemployeecheckedmysafetyropeandgavemethethumbs-upsign．AsIbeganmyclimb,Iwasexcitedbymyownbraveryfortryingsomethingsonew．However,onlytenfeetup,myfingersandtoesstartedtotire,andtherewasabsolutelynoplacetorest．MyexcitementbegantodisappearandIwasafraidthatIwasgoingtoslipandfall．注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。ButIknewifIwantedtomakeit,Ihadtotrusttherope．Thatday'ssuccessfulexperienceinspiredmeinmycancerbattle．单元综合检测(四)123456789101112BCDCDCBBDBCC131415161718192021222324DADBCAEDDBAB2526272829303132333435CBCADCACDAB36．dropping37．a38．As39．timely40．originated41．circulation42．potted43．nutritious44．for45．drinking第三部分第一节[参考范文]DearJim，You'requiterightaboutorderingmealsonlinebeingpopularinChina,especiallyforpeoplewhoaretoobusy(orjusttoolazy)tocook．Ioftenorderfoodonlinewhenmyparentsareatwork,orwhenmyfamilywantstotrysomethingthattastesdifferent．Thebestaboutitisthatit'sconvenient．Onejustneedstoplaceanorderandpayforitonline．Then,steaming-hotfoodarrivesatyourdoorstepwithinanhour．Moreover,therearemanychoices．Wecanorderandtastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants．Ithasalsocreatedmillionsofjobsandboostedthecateringindustry．Doesitsoundattractive?WecangiveitatrywhenyoucometoChina!Yours，LiHua第二节[参考范文]ButIknewifIwantedtomakeit,Ihadtotrusttherope．Itookadeepbreath．Immediately,Ifeltthesafetyfromtherope．Irealizedthateventhoughslippingmightmakemenervous,Iwouldbeperfectlysafe．Withnew-foundtrustintherope,Istartedclimbingagain．AsIcontinued,myropecaughtmemanytimes．AndIalsoremindedmyselftobebrave．Fiveminuteslater,Iwasatthetopofthewall．Imadeit!Thatday'ssuccessfulexperienceinspiredmeinmycancerbattle．Duringthemedicaltreatment,Ikepttellingmyselfthesecretofdoingsomethinghardandscary:justtrusttherope．Myfamily,myfriends,evenmydoctorscouldallbetheropethatIcouldrelyonallthetime．Theytriedtheirbesttohelpandsupportme,justliketheropethathadliftedmeupthatdayattheindoorclimbinggym．Theirlove,careandcompanygavemethecourageandconfidenceinthebattleagainstmycancer．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四位世界顶级钢琴演奏家：MarthaArgerich，LeifOveAndsnes，AlfredBrendel和ArthurRubinstein。1．B[细节理解题。根据MarthaArgerich部分中“Argerichpreferredbeingonstagewithothersinsteadofperformingsolo;therefore,shehasbeenperforminginaconcertoformatsincethe1980s．”可知，MarthaArgerich在她的职业生涯中注重的是和其他音乐家的合作。故选B。]2．C[细节理解题。根据AlfredBrendel部分中“Brendelwasself-taughtandlearnedhisloveofpianoatanearlyage．”可知，Brendel自学音乐。故选C。]3．D[细节理解题。根据ArthurRubinstein部分中“Hiscareerbeganintheearly20thcenturywhenhebegantocomeintocontactwithsomeoftheworld'smostimportantcomposers,suchasMauriceRavel,PaulDukas,andJacquesThibaud．”可知，Rubinstein的职业生涯始于20世纪初，当时他开始接触到一些世界上最有影响力的作曲家。故选D。]【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了EleanorGranville喜爱研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶标本。文章介绍了她对昆虫学的贡献。4．C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inherthirties,thoughsufferingfromamarriagewherethehusbandwasviolentandeventurnedherfamilyagainsther,Granvillesoughtcomfortbystudyingmothsandbutterflies．”可知，研究蝴蝶让格兰维尔逃离了生活。故选C。]5．D[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，格兰维尔拥有最高贵的蝴蝶收藏，有些蝴蝶被命名为Granville的蝴蝶，她的工作在学术上得到了认可。故选D。]6．C[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Apioneerinthestudyofentomology,Granvillehelpedmakeitanacademicsubject．Regretfully,onlytwomothsandabutterflyofGranville'spreciousspecimensarestillpreservedinLondon'sNaturalHistoryMuseum．”可知，格兰维尔把她的收藏品拿出来用于研究。故选C。]7．B[标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Conventionallybutterflieswereregardednotasfascinatingsubjectsforcloseobservationbutassymbolsofshallowness．ButEleanorGranvilletreatedthemwithscientificseriousness．”结合文章主要介绍了EleanorGranville喜爱研究蝴蝶，收集了很多蝴蝶标本。文章介绍了她对昆虫学的贡献。可知，B选项“收集蝴蝶的女人”最符合文章标题。故选B。]【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富。8．B[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的影响。故选B。]9．D[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Untilnow,researchershavetypicallycalculatedthebenefitsofnatureseparately,andthensimplyaddedthemup,whichactuallyunderestimatesthebenefitsbiodiversityprovidestoagricultureandhumanwell-being，’saysleadexpertAlejandra．”可知，维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选D。]10．B[推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，研究人员是通过对比进行测试的。故选B。]11．C[推理判断题。根据第一段“Agroundbreakingnewstudyfindsthatcoffeebeansarebiggerandmoreplentifulwhenbirdsandbeesteamuptoprotectandpollinatecoffeeplants．”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选自报纸的科学版面。故选C。]【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们如何利用草雀来研究语言学习过程中的记忆形成以及大脑的运作方式。研究人员通过操纵鸟脑中的一组神经元，成功地让鸟类产生了一种虚假的记忆，并且这种记忆影响了它们的歌唱能力。这项研究有助于揭示人类大脑中与语言学习相关的记忆形成区域，对于理解相关的神经发育障碍具有重要意义。12．C[细节理解题。根据第二段“Tofigureitout,ateamofresearchersturnedtoafrequentstand-inforbabieswhenitcomestolanguagelearning:thesong-learningzebrafinch．”可知，草雀被用于研究是因为他们的学习模式和婴儿学习语言的模式相似，故选C项。]13．D[代词指代题。根据第二段画线词的上下文可推理出画线词指代的是上文“Thistypeofimitativelearningthatbirdsdo(鸟类所做的这种模仿学习)”，故选D项。]14．A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“First,theyusedavirustocausetheneuronsinthebirds'NIftobecomesensitivetolight．Then,usingatinyelectrodeasaflashlight,theyactivatedtheneurons．”可知，在实验中一些神经元通过使用电极被激活，故选A项。]15．D[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究小组认为本实验能更好地了解学习的秘密，故选D项。]【语篇解读】文章主要就如何选择正确道路，成为一个更好的人提出了一些建议。16．B[根据前一句“Youmayalwayswonderhowtoimproveyourselfandfulfillyourdreamsinaneasierway．”可知作者是想给别人提出如何更容易地去实现梦想的建议，故选B。]17．F[根据后文的举例可知，喜欢冒险的人可能就不喜欢安静的象棋俱乐部，并且决定你跟谁在一起有助于你喜欢什么，也就是说，相似类型的人可能会被相同的活动所吸引。故选F。]18．A[本题属于标题性的选择，根据本段的内容可知，你要做你喜欢的事情。故选A。]19．E[根据后一句“Ifyoufeelyourjobisn'tmeaningful，orisn'tinlinewithyourvalues，considerfindinganotherjob．”可知你不喜欢你的工作，可以考虑再找一份，所以做出一些改变就会改变你自己的内心感受，故选E。]20．D[根据后一句“Becauseofthat，wemayrea