03同位语从句-2023年中考英语核心语法

中考英语语法：同位语从句什么是同位语？Linda,myEnglishteacher,isverybeautiful.Iwillneverforgethim,agreatleaderandthinker.Iputmyfavoritedesk,thatbrownone,inthemostoutstandingplaceofthishouse.以上句子中标红的部分均为同位语。所谓同位语，是对前面的名词进行解释说明，与前面的名词指的是同一事物或人，一般前后都用逗号隔开。名词作同位语Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。直接引语作同位语Butnowthequestionestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”句子作同位语ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。什么是同位语从句？上述第四种情况用句子对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明其内容叫做同位语从句。三．同位语从句的连接词有哪些？引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词（what,which,who,whose）和连接副词(when,where,why,how)等。同位语从句常放在fact,idea,news,thought,hope,belief,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,message,feeling,reason,report,question等抽象名词后。简单来说，同位语从句对前面的名词起到解释说明的作用，与前面的名词是可以划等号的关系，而具体名词无法找到一个句子与之划等号，故同位语从句只能置于抽象名词后面。由that引导:陈述一个事实，在同位语从句中不充当成分，同位语从句完整。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.I’veetotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.HereferredtoCopernicusstatementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.【注意】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即同位语从句谓语动词只能用should+V原，should可省略）。如:Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.该项用法可全面拓展至名词性从句，即一希望（wish），一坚持（insist），二建议（suggest,advise），三命令（demand,require,order）后不管是动词后跟宾语从句，还是对应名词后跟同位语从句，或主表语从句，从句都需用虚拟语气（即同位语从句谓语动词只能用should+V原，should可省略）。由whether引导：whether是否之意，不能用if,在同位语从句中不充当成分，同位语从句完整，有疑问的含义，故常跟在doubt,question等名词后面，或Ihavenoidea/Doyouhaveanyidea等句型后面。Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewille.Answermyquestionwhetheryouareing.Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.由特殊疑问词引导：有疑问含义，故常跟在doubt,question等名词后面，或Ihavenoidea/Doyouhaveanyidea等句型后面。特殊疑问词分为两类：（1）疑问代词：what，which，who，whose包括whatclass，whatcolor等what+n一起构成的疑问代词。疑问代词往往在同位语从句中充当主语或宾语。Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?ThenIhadnoideawhatacasinowas.（2）连接副词：how,when,why,where以及howold,howfast等how+adj./adv.一起构成的疑问副词。Ihavenoideawhenhewilleback.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.Hehadnoideawhysheleft.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!四．分离同位语从句是什么？有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.五．同位语从句与定语从句的区别有哪些？同位语从句的句式结构也是：名词+连接词+同位语从句，与定语从句相似，但两种从句在意义，被修饰词，连接词方面均有不同。意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别。被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等抽象名词；而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛，可以是抽象名词，也可以具体名词。ThereisahopethatwecanliveonMarsoneday.抽象名词同从ThisisthehopeI’vealwayshad.抽象名词定从ThisisthegirlwhoImetonthestreetyesterday.具体名词定从连接词不同。同位语从句可由that,whether即所有的特殊疑问词引导；而定语从句只能用that,who,whom,which,where,when,why,whose等连接词。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词；而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定（一般跟在question，doubt等表示疑问的名词后面）;又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：Ihavenoideawhentheywille.同从I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere.定从Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.同从Thereasonwhyhedidn’tetothemeetingisthatheisill.定从六．同位语从句与宾语从句的区别有哪些？同位语从句与宾语从句的连接词高度相似，几乎一模一样，这主要是因为同位语从句与宾语从句都隶属于名词性从句（名词性从句还有主语从句，表语从句，连接词的使用均相似），但在具体使用时有以下区别。所跟词不同同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词后面；而宾语从句一般跟在动词或介词后面连接词略微不同同位语从句与宾语从句连接词高度相似，均分为三类：that/whether/特殊疑问词，只有两点不同：同位语从句that不能省略，只能用whether不能用if。同位语从句专项训练一、判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。1. Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.2. Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.3. Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody．Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant．4. Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?二、请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。1.Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldeovertoChinasoon.2.Thefact_______hedidn’tseeTomthismorningistrue.3.Wordhase_______someAmericanguestswilletoourcollegeforavisitnextweek.4.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday.5.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?6.Theproblem_______weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.7.Ihavenoidea__________hewillbeback．8.Hemustanswerthequestion___________heagreestoitornot.9.Severalyearslater,wordcame__________Napoleonhimselfwasingtoinspectthem．10.Ihavenoimpression__________hewenthome,perhapsbybike.三、改错题。(每句都有一个错误)1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.________________________________________________________2.I’veewithamessagefromMr.Wanghowhewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.________________________________________________________3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.________________________________________________________4.I’vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.________________________________________________________5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.________________________________________________________6.Thefactwhysheworkshardiswellknowntousall.________________________________________________________7.Hissuggestionwhichthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.________________________________________________________8.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.________________________________________________________9.Ihavenoideathatsizeshoesshewears.________________________________________________________10.Thequestionthatwilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.四．把下列句子翻译成英语。1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。________________________________________________________2.他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。________________________________________________________3.他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。________________________________________________________4.在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。________________________________________________________5.他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。________________________________________________________五、从句精练精析1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how2.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how3.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.what B.which C.that D.where4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.where B.what C.that D.how5.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethisingChristmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether6.Astorygoes_____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.when B.where C.what D.that7.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.which B.why C.what D.how8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.Thisis B.Thereis C.Thatis D.Itis9.Wecannotfigureout______quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.that B.as C.why D.when10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter_____I’mtalkingto.A.whoisit B.whoitisC.itiswho D.itiswhom答案与解析一、判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.同位语从句（从句完整）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.定语从句（不完整，连接词在从句中充当宾语）2.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.定语从句（不完整，连接词在从句中充当主语）Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.同位语从句（从句完整）3.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody．同位语从句（从句完整）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant．定语从句（不完整，连接词在从句中充当宾语）4.Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.同位语从句（从句完整）Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?定语从句（不完整，连接词在从句中充当状语）二、1.that；2.that；3.that(分离同位语从句)；4.how/whether/why(若有上下文，根据上下文语境判断具体用哪一个)；5.what；6.whether；7.whether/when/how(若有上下文，根据上下文语境判断具体用哪一个)；8.whether；9.that；10.how三、1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.改为which（非限制性定语从句，连接词只能用which，不能用that）2.I’veewithamessagefromMr.Wanghowhewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.改为why3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.改为whether（同位语从句，连接词只能用whether，不能用if；且后面有ornot）4.I’vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.改为that/which（定语从句，先行词在从句中充当宾语，且为物，故连接词用which/that）5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.改为that（同位语从句陈述一个事实，连接词用that）6.Thefactwhysheworkshardiswellknowntousall.改为that（同位语从句陈述一个事实，连接词用that）7.Hissuggestionwhichthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.改为that（同位语从句陈述一个事实，连接词用that）8.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.改为that（同位语从句陈述一个事实，连接词用that）9.Ihavenoideathatsizeshoesshewears.改为what（根据句意）10.Thequestionthatwilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.改为who（takesb’splace意为取代某人，同位语从句中缺少主语，故连接词用who）四、把下列句子翻译成英语。1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。ImadeapromisetohimthatIwillwritetohimas