语法专项词缀综合巩固讲义-仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

新版仁爱英语八上语法专项词缀综合巩固（全册）一、词缀语法知识梳理（一）否定前缀（non,dis,un,mis,in,im）功能：给原词赋予相反意义，构建否定语义词汇。搭配示例：non+名词→如nonsmoker（非吸烟者）dis+动词→如disagree（不同意）un+形容词→如unhealthy（不健康的）mis+动词→如misplace（错放）in/im+形容词→如incorrect（不正确的）、impossible（不可能的）（二）职业后缀（er,or,ian,ist）功能：加在词后构成职业名词，标识“……者/家/师”身份。搭配示例：动词+er→如farmer（农民，由farm变形）动词+or→如actor（演员，由act变形）名词+ian→如librarian（图书管理员，由library变形）名词+ist→如pianist（钢琴家，由piano变形）（三）性质后缀（less,ful）功能：less+名词→构成形容词，表“无……”，如useless（无用的）ful+名词→构成形容词，表“充满……”，如helpful（有帮助的）（四）描述性后缀（y）功能：名词+y→构成形容词，描述事物关联特征，如rainy（下雨的）、sunny（晴朗的）（五）名词后缀（ness）功能：形容词+ness→构成抽象名词，转化性质/状态为名词，如happiness（快乐）、sadness（悲伤）二、专项练习（分后缀突破）（一）否定前缀（non,dis,un,mis,in,im）练习词汇变形（写出加否定前缀的词）例：polite→impolite（不礼貌的）①correct→__________（不正确的）②agree→__________（不同意）③healthy→__________（不健康的）④place→__________（错放）⑤smoker→__________（非吸烟者）（二）职业后缀（er,or,ian,ist）练习词汇变形（写出职业后缀词）例：act→actor（演员）①farm→__________（农民）②music→__________（音乐家）③direct→__________（导演）④piano→__________（钢琴家）⑤library→__________（图书管理员）（三）性质后缀（less,ful）练习词汇变形（写出less/ful变形词）例：hope→hopeless（无希望的）/hopeful（有希望的）①help→__________（无助的）/__________（有帮助的）②use→__________（无用的）/__________（有用的）③care→__________（粗心的）/__________（细心的）（四）描述性后缀（y）练习词汇变形（写出y变形词）例：rain→rainy（下雨的）①wind→__________（有风的）②snow→__________（下雪的）③taste→__________（美味的）（五）名词后缀（ness）练习词汇变形（写出ness变形词）例：happy→happiness（快乐）①sad→__________（悲伤）②kind→__________（善良）③dark→__________（黑暗）三、综合练习（词缀大融合）（一）句子运用He__________(不相信)therumor,soheignoresit.It’s__________(不可能的)tofinishthetaskin5minutes.A__________(非素食者)oftenenjoysmeatdishes.Myuncleisa__________(农民)andworksonthefarmdaily.Herdreamistobea__________(钢琴家)likeLangLang.A__________(有帮助的)friendwillsupportyouintrouble.Don’ttake__________(无用的)advice;chooseusefulsuggestions.It’sa__________(下雪的)day;let’smakeasnowman.Thesouphasa__________(美味的)smell.Her__________(善良)makesherpopularamongclassmates.The__________(黑暗)inthecavefeelsabitscary.（二）句子翻译1.他不同意这个错误的（incorrect）计划。翻译：_____________________________________________________________2.我的梦想是成为一名钢琴家。翻译：__________________________________________________________3.无用的建议别听，找有帮助的意见。翻译：__________________________________________________4.下雪的早晨很美，我们去散步。翻译：__________________________________________________（提示：so连接因果/并列句）5.他的善良让每个人感动。翻译：________________________________________________________（提示：make+宾语+宾补）（三）短文填空（用词缀词完成短文）根据上下文，选择合适词缀词（可变形）填空，每空1词。Ona__________(fog)morning,the__________(direct)decidedtofilmascene.A__________(help)actorofferedideas,butsomewere__________(use).However,thedirector’s__________(care)madethefilmingsuccessful.Afterwork,theyenjoyeda__________(taste)dinner,andthe__________(happy)ontheirfaceswasobvious.四、答案与解析（一）专项练习答案否定前缀①incorrect②disagree③unhealthy④misplace⑤nonsmoker职业后缀①farmer②musician③director④pianist⑤librarian性质后缀①helpless/helpful②useless/useful③careless/careful描述性后缀①windy②snowy③tasty名词后缀①sadness②kindness③darkness（二）综合练习答案句子运用disbelieves（主语he，一般现在时三单）impossiblenonvegetarianfarmerpianisthelpfuluselesssnowytastykindnessdarkness（二）句子翻译Hedisagreeswiththisincorrectplan.Mydreamistobeapianist.Don’tlistentouselessadvice;findhelpfulopinions.It’sasnowymorningandbeautiful,sowegoforawalk.H