2026年高考总复习优化设计一轮复习英语（人教福建版）-主题 3　Science and Scientists 科学与科学家

主题群四科学与技术主题3

ScienceandScientists科学与科学家英语2026高中总复习优化设计GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI内容索引主题词汇主题语篇主题写作主题词汇词汇认知项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇名词(n.)infection

proof

household

suspect

blame

handle

intervention

link

decrease

statistic

microscope

thinking

protein

cell

virus

finding

frameworksolid

shadow

rainbow

concrete

assistant

missile

leadership

concept

astronomer

fault

shiftcholera

diarrhoea

dehydrationgerm

pump

epidemiologyvaccine

plasma

aerospace

aviation

jet

trace

astronomycompassbatterystuffdesireinstancechemistbiologistoriginspeciesstreamradiumtheorycuredeclarationexperimentlightningfictionmetalflashgravityaccountprocedure项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇动词(v.)subscribe

suspect

blame

handle

linkdecrease

transform

cast

pour

defendshiftinfect

traceshoot

injure

draft

attach

conduct形容词(adj.)severe

contradictory

multiple

puresubstantial

initial

solid

concrete

mechanic

outstanding

gifted

abstractbrilliant

vividfrustrated

patrioticmechanical

steadyvirtual

flexible

capablepassive

significant

accurate

minor

extraordinarybrilliant

mental项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇介词(prep.)besides

beyond副词(adv.)besides

furthermoreentirely短语(phr.)onceandforall

ingeneral

subscribeto

waterpump

thanksto

underone’sleadership

tracebackto

pointout

inchargeof

comedownwith

aboveallvirtualreality

wearabletechinaddition

neversaynevernaturalselection

fieldresearch词汇拓展1.severeadj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→

adv.严重地;严厉地

2.frustratedadj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→

vt.使沮丧;挫败→

adj.令人懊恼的→

n.懊恼;沮丧

3.infectionn.

感染;传染→

vt.使感染;传染→

adj.带菌的;感染病菌的

4.subscribevi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→

n.

订购;订阅

5.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→

n.怀疑→

adj.可疑的

severely

frustrate

frustrating

frustration

infect

infected

subscription

suspicion

suspicious

6.pureadj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→

n.

纯洁;纯净;纯粹→

adj.不纯的;有杂质的

7.transformvt.使改观;使改变形态vi.

改变;转变→

n.改观;改革

8.initialadj.最初的;开始的;第一的→

adv.最初;起初

9.defendvt.保卫;防守;辩解→

n.防御

10.assistantn.助理;助手→

n.

帮助;援助→

vt.帮助;援助

11.leadershipn.领导;领导地位;领导才能→

n.领袖

12.giftedadj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→

n.

天才;天赋13.faultn.弱点;过错→

adj.有缺陷的;不完美的

purity

impure

transformation

initially

defence

assistance

assist

leader

gift

faulty

词汇应用用适当的单词或短语填空1.Thisillnesscauses

(严重的)diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.

2.

(大体上),doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.

3.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan

(感染)fromgermsinfoodorwater.

4.Snow

(赞成)thesecondtheory.

severe

Ingeneral

infection

subscribedto

5.Therewere

(数量多的)deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).

6.Throughthis

(干预),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

7.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank

(纯净的)orboiledwater.

8.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial

(下降).

9.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snow

(改变)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.

multiple

intervention

pure

decrease

transformed

10.UnderQian’s

(领导),ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.

11.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchan

(杰出的)andcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.

12.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand

(有天赋的)scientistsinphysics.

13.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneof

(抽象的)thought.

leadership

outstanding

gifted

abstract

主题语篇考点浅析1.Snow

suspected

that

the

water

pump

was

to

blame.

斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。【提炼】sthbetoblame【浅析】sthbetoblame意为

“某物该受责备;某物该承担责任”,该搭配用主动形式表示被动含义。表达

“因某事责备某人”用短语:blamesbforsth或blamesthonsb。【仿写】(1)这次交通事故的责任在出租车司机。(2)你不该怪他打碎了花瓶。Thetaxidriverwastoblameforthetrafficaccident.Youshouldn’tblamehimforbreakingthevase.2.Perhaps

no

other

scientist

has

had

a

greater

impact

on

China’s

aerospace

science

than

Qian

Xuesen.

也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。【提炼】比较级表示最高级的含义【浅析】英语中常用比较级表示最高级的含义,意为“没有比……更……的了”。【仿写】(1)你找不到一位比她更合适的保姆了。(2)世界上没有哪一个人比你的父母更关心你了。Youcannotfindamoresuitablebabysitterthanher.Nootherpersoncaresmoreaboutyouthanyourparentsintheworld.3.Nevertheless,

Qian

did

not

let

that

discourage

him

from

taking

on

the

challenge.然而钱学森并不气馁,

而是接受挑战。【提炼】discouragesbfromdoingsth【浅析】discouragesbfromdoingsth为固定搭配,意为

“使某人没有勇气干某事”,结构相同的短语还有disablesbfromdoingsth,其意为

“使某人没有能力干某事”。它们的反义短语是:encouragesbtodosth(鼓励某人干某事)和enablesbtodosth(使某人能够干某事)。【仿写】(1)连续的失败使他失去了继续实验的勇气。(2)流畅的英语使她在求职面试中脱颖而出。Repeatedfailuresdiscouragedhimfromcarryingonwiththeexperiment.FluentEnglishenabledhertostandoutinthejobinterview.语篇再现Passage

1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared1.

(disease)intheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showed2.

itcouldbeovercome.

diseaseshow3.

general,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories4.

(explain)howcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedby5.

infectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed6.

thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.7._________________(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere8.

morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout9.

.

IntoexplainantoConsequentlythatwhyThroughSnow’s10.

(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.

tirelessPassage

21.

Qian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,2.

(follow)bythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,China3.

(success)launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongⅠ,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetraced4.

toQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.UnderfollowedsuccessfullybackQianreadalotandwasextremely5.

(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,6.

mighthavemadehimsuch7.

outstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim8.

(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.

On31,October2009,thewholecountry9.

(sadden)byQian’sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhim10.

differentways.

knowledgeablewhataninspirationwassaddenedin主题写作写作指导该写作主题是写一写伟大科学家的必备素养(Writeabouttheessentialqualitiesofagreatscientist),属于人物简介的记叙文。这类文章一般通过具体事例展示人物的伟大品质。写作中,可适当使用同位语、非谓语动词、定语从句等为文章增彩。主题佳句1.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而,钱学森并不气馁,而是接受挑战。2.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.由于

“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究,因此钱学森被誉为

“中国航天之父”。3.Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.钱学森博览群书,尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。4.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他敢说别人不敢说的话,做别人不敢做的梦。5.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.此外,他意志坚定。6.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金敢于承认错误。写作训练请根据下面的内容要点,写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍中国杂交水稻之父——著名科学家袁隆平。1.袁隆平1930年