（新高考）2022届高考英语考前冲刺卷（十）

（新高考）2022届高考考前冲刺卷英语（十）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AToimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgram(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogramallowinghighschoolfreshmanfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfree—theonlyexpenseisthetransportationtoandfromMIT.ClarkScholarProgram(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmanandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected-participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospect.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnicaldegrees.2.WhichprogramissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP. B.MITES. C.CSP. D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprograms?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.BSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.4.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.5.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.6.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable B.Tolerant C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?CFritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鳞茎)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.ButsomeFritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind,withleavesandstemsthatarebarelydistinguishablefromthegrayorbrownrockybackground.Surprisingly,theplants’camouflage(伪装)seemstohaveevolvedinresponsetopeople.Inwideopenareaswithlittlecover,likemountaintops,blendingincanhelptheplantsavoidhungryherbivores,saysYangNiu,abotanistattheKunmingInstituteofBotanyinChina.ButafterfiveyearsofstudyingcamouflageinFritillaria,hedidnotspotanyanimalsfeedingontheplants.SoNiu,hiscolleagueHangSunandsensoryecologistMartinStevensoftheUniversityofExeterinEnglanddecidedtoseeifhumansmightbedrivingtheevolutionoftheplants’camouflage.Duringtheirresearch,localherbalistsnotedthetotalweightofthebulbsharvestedeachyearfrom2014to2019atsevenstudysites.Theserecordsindicatedcontemporaryharvestingpressureontheplants.Inthemeantime,theresearchersassessedtheeaseofharvestingbyrecordinghowlongittooktodigupbulbsatsixofthosesites.Onsomeslopes,bulbsareeasilydugup,butinotherstheycanbeburiedunderrocks.Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.However,camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉传播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.Still,theseFritillariashowhowadaptabletheplantscanbe.Theplantscanbetterchangetheirappearancethanwemighthaveexpected.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThelivingenvironmentofFritillaria.B.TheappearanceofFritillaria.C.ThereasonsforpickingFritillaria.D.ThehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.9.Whatdotheresearchersfindduringtheirresearch?A.Fritillariausuallyexistunderrocks.B.AnimalsdriveFritillariatohidethemselvesbetter.C.FrequenthumanactivitiesmakeiteasiertospotFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagethemselvesbetterwhereharvestedmoreoften.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allplantsarepooratcamouflaging.B.Fritillariaareconstantlychanginghowtheylook.C.Camouflagecanbringsomeside-effectstoFritillaria.D.Fritillariacamouflagedtobegraywhichcanpromotegrowth.11.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThedemandfortheFritillariaisintense.B.Fritillariaareremarkablydifficulttofind.C.CamouflagecanpresentsomechallengestotheFritillaria.D.HumanactivitiesdrivetheevolutionoftheFritillaria’scamouflage.DIn1977,scientistsexploringtheGalapagosRiftintheeasternPacificnoticedaseriesofsharptemperatureincreasesintheirdata.Theywonderedhowdeep-oceantemperaturescouldchangesogreatly---fromnearfreezingto400°C(750°F)insuchashortdistance.Thescientistshadmadeaninterestingdiscovery—deep-seahydrothermalvents(热液喷口).Theyalsorealizedthatanentirelyuniqueecosystem,includinghundredsofnewspecies,existedaroundthevents.Despitetheextremetemperaturesandpressures,toxicminerals(有毒矿物质),andlackofsunlightthatcharacterizedthedeep-seaventecosystem,thespecieslivingthereweredoingwell.Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms.Seawatermovesdeepintheocean’scrust(地壳)andbecomessuper-heatedbymagma(岩浆).Aspressurebuildsandtheseawaterwarms,mineralsbecomepartoftheliquid,whichrisestowardthesurfaceofthecrust.Thehot,mineral-richwatersthenleavetheoceaniccrustandmixwiththecoolseawaterabove.Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures.Hydrothermalventstructuresarecharacterizedbydifferentphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingtheminerals,temperatures,andflowlevelsoftheirplumes(烟).Blacksmokersproducethehottest,darkestplumes,whicharehighinsulfur(S)contentandformchimneysupto18storiestall,or55meters(180feet).Theplumesofwhitesmokersarelightlycoloredandrichinbarium(Ba),calcium(Ca),andsilicon(Si).Comparedtoblacksmokers,whitesmokersusuallyproducecoolerplumesandformsmallerchimneys.Ventswithevencooler,weakerflowsareoftencalledseeps,whichappeartosendoutsomelight.Thestudyofhydrothermalventecosystemscontinuestochangeourunderstandingoftherequirementsforlife.Theabilityofventorganismstosurviveandthriveatsuchextremepressuresandtemperaturesandinthepresenceoftoxicmineralplumesisinteresting.Theconversionofmineral-richhydrothermalfluidintoenergyisakeyaspectoftheseuniqueecosystems.Throughtheprocessofchemosynthesis,bacteriaprovideenergyandnutrientstoventspecieswithouttheneedforsunlight.12.Whatsurprisedthescientistswhentheyexaminedtheirdata?A.Thegreatpressuresunderthedeepocean.B.TheunexpecteddepthoftheGalapagosRift.C.Thesuddenrisesindeep-oceantemperatures.D.Thehugesizesofdeep-seahydrothermalvents.13.Whatdidscientistsfindaboutventcreatures?A.Theirfoodscomefromtoxicventminerals.B.Theirabilitytoproducelightisamazing.C.Theyliveundertheoceaniccrust.D.Theyusuallyhavedarkcolors.14.Whatdoesparagraphmainlyexplaintous?A.Howcreaturesliveinextremeconditions.B.Howseawatermovesintheocean’scrust.C.Howmineralsbecomepartofmagma.D.Howhydrothermalventsareformed.15.Whichbestshowstheflowlevelsofdifferentplumes?A.Seeps’>blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’.B.Seeps’＞whitesmokers’＞blacksmokers’.C.Blacksmokers’>whitesmokers’>seeps’.D.Blacksmokers’>seeps’>whitesmokers’.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The24solartermswerecreatedthousandsofyearsagoinChinatoguideagriculturalproduction.TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.___16___RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,livelyspring-likescenerystartsblossoming:theriverwaterdefreezes.wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorthandtreesandgrasstumgreenagain.___17___InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.___18___DuringRainWaterperiod,extracareisneededtodealwithareturningcoldspellandhumidity,whichistheamountofwaterintheair.___19___Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.ThewetandhumidweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople’sspleenandstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.___20___PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.Honey,datesandChineseyamarealsoverygoodnourishment(营养)toputintheporridge.A.WithRainWatercoming,insectsbecomemoreactive.B.Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.C.Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.D.AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.E.ThetemperatureinmostofthebasinareasincreasesquicklyduringRainWaterF.Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.G.Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.The___21___beganinSeptemberlastyear.MirzanaCoralicrequestedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodto___22___hersix-year-oldson,Zejd,whohasa___23___disability.Theteacher,SanelaLjumanovic,acceptedalmost___24___,butonthefirstdayofschool,shenoticedZejdsittingallbyhimself,unableto___25___withanyone.Sanela,determinedtofinda(n)___26___,trieddevelopingafewtricksandsigns.Butaparentofanotherchild___27___abetteridea—gettingthewholeclassto___28___signlanguagealongwithZejd.Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmatesabout___29___thingslikehomeworkandgames.Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.“I___30___tolearnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople,”saidoneofhisclassmates.Now,signlanguageisgettingquite___31___attheprimaryschool,withkidsfromotherclasses___32___tolearnaswell.Itishopedthatitcanbe___33___asapartoftheofficialcourse.“Signlanguageisgreatbecauseit___34___communicationandalsohelpschildrenbecomemore___35___topeoplewithdisabilities,”saidSanela.21.A.report B.message C.article D.story22.A．admit B.adopt C.invite D.defend23.A．learning B.speech C.hearing D.sight24.A．conditionally B.passively C.personally D.immediately25.A．cooperate B.interact C.compete D.stay26.A．solution B.explanation C.theory D.alternative27.A．selected B.imagined C.presented D.favored28.A．enjoy B.create C.design D.learn29.A．regular B.formal C.complex D.professional30.A．afford B.like C.prepare D.wait31.A．popular B.confusing C.challenging D.practical32.A．failing B.hesitating C.trying D.helping33.A．described B.known C.defined D.included34.A．enables B.shows C.stresses D.represents35.A．polite B.sensitive C.adaptable D.thankful第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）第二部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen___36___sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat___37___(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat___38___(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe___39___(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays___40___andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They___41___(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates___42___(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime,”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion___43___itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,”shesaidinherreport.“One’sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely___44___(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic,”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You___45___(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节应用文写作（满分15分）假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter一直在学习中文，他想看一部中国电影，希望你能推荐一部中国影片。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：（1）电影的基本介绍和简要情节；（2）推荐这部电影的理由。注意：（1）词数应为80左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ella’sFirstFashionCreationEllawaswearinganewdressandshefeltlikeafamousmodel,Evenbetter,itwasadressshemade!Herveryfirstpieceoffashion!“Whatdoyouthink?”sheaskedherfamily.Theywereallgatheredatthekitchentableforbreakfast.“It’sverypretty.Ican’tbelieveyoudesignedandsewedthatallbyyourself!”Momsaid.“I’msoproudofyou!Howlongdidthattake?”Dadasked.Ellapulledoutherchairandsatdown.“Twoweeks!ButIthinkIcouldmakethenextonefaster.Ihadafewproblems.Ellasmiled.Shehadsomanyproblemsmakingthedress,butrightnowitwasallworthit.Itwasgoingtobeagreatday.Thekidsatschoolweren’tquiteasexcitedaboutherdressasshethoughttheywouldbe,butshedidgetsomenicecommentsfromsomeofthegirls,soshewashappyaboutthat.Thedaywentbyquickly,andbeforesheknewit,shewasoutsideforthelastbreakoftheday.Whataperfectday,shethoughttoherselfassheswungontheswings.Theschoolbellrangandthebreakwasover.Whentheswingwasclosetostopping,Ellajumpedoff.Whenshelanded,sheheardaloudrip(撕裂).Shemovedherhandtothebackofherdress.Itwasrippedallthewaydowntheback!Herveryfirstfashioncreationfellapart!Ellawassoembarrassed.Ellaspottedherteacher,MissMiller,nearthedoor.EllatookonehandfromherdressandwavedforMissMillertocometoher.MissMillercameupandlookedatthebackofElla’sdress.“Ohno!Anditissuchabeautifuldress!”“Imadeitmyself,”Ellasaid.“Youmustbeveryproud!Youdidagreatjob!”“Notreally.Oritwouldn’thaveripped.”“Well,thathappenssometimes.Evenwithclothesyoubuyinthestore!”注意：1.续写词数应为150词左右；2.请按如下格式作答。MissMillertookoffhersweaterandhelpedEllatopulliton.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Wecan’tavoidproblems,”saidMom.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（新高考）2022届高考考前冲刺卷英语（十）答案第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）【答案】1-3BCC【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个帮助学生为大学做好准备的暑期项目。1.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.(这个为期一周的项目针对所有美国高中生，可以帮助他们发展未来工程工作所需的技能，同时了解获得高级技术学位的价值和回报)”可知，MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.(来自世界各地的高中生有机会获得数学领域的实际研究经验，同时与教师进行四个星期紧张的一对一工作)”可知，CSP课程适合最多有5周的课余时间的英国高中生。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据第一段“Toimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.(为了提高高中生进入顶尖大学的机会，暑期项目让年轻的学生可以探索感兴趣的领域，并体验大学生活)”结合文章主要介绍了四个帮助学生为大学做好准备的暑期项目。可推知，这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做更好的准备。故选C。【答案】4-7CBCA【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。4.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.(当他回来检查结果时，他发现它起作用了。裸露的冰比覆盖的冰融化得更快。他不仅在短时间内拯救了两英尺的冰川。没有关闭燃煤电厂，没有失业，没有人被征税或解雇。)”可知，作者在第一段提到JasonBox的实验目的是报道一项拯救冰川的成功实验。故选C。5.推理判断题。根据第二段的““Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.(他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，拉尔夫·金最可能同意技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill(按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知GreyChilds对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选C。7.主旨大意题。第一段的“Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.(几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯(JasonBox)将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.(我吗？我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“Butshouldwefixtheclimate?(但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目，故选A。【答案】8-11CDCD【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Fritillaria此类植物的相关信息和特点，以及研究者通过实验研究了解了人类活动对Fritillaria伪装的影响，以及伪装对Fritillaria自身的影响。8.主旨大意题。通读第一段“Fritillariaplantscanbeeasilyspotted.TheusuallybrightgreenplantsoftenstandaloneamidtherocksatthetopoftheHimalayanandHengduanmountainsinsouthwesternChina—easypickingsfortraditionalChinesemedicineherbalists,who’vegroundthebulbs(鳞茎)ofFritillariaintoacough-treatingpowderformorethan2,000years.Thedemandforthebulbsisintense,sinceabout3,500ofthemareneededtoproduceonekilogramofthepowder,worthabout$480.(贝母属植物很容易被发现。通常明亮的绿色植物常常独自伫立在中国西南地区喜马拉雅和横断山脉的岩石顶端——中草药师很容易找到，2000年前贝母的鳞茎粉是治疗咳嗽的药粉。对这种鳞茎的需求非常大，因为生产一公斤这种粉末需要大约3500个鳞茎，价值约480美元)”可知，第一自然段主要陈述了自古以来人们采摘Fritillariaplants是为了药用，以及其带来的经济利润价值，所以这一段的主旨大意是讲述人们采摘Fritillariaplants的原因。故选C项。9.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(两项措施都揭示了一个惊人的模式：人们对Fritillaria收获采摘的频次越高，Fritillaria越能更好的调节自身颜色以更好的适应环境进行自我伪装)”可推知，贝母在收获较多的地方能更好地伪装自己。故选D项。10.细节理解题。根据最后一个自然段“camouflagecanpresentsomechallenges.Pollinators(花粉传播者)mighthaveahardertimefindingthecamouflagedplants,andthegrayandbrowncolorationcouldimpairphotosynthetic(光合)activity.(伪装可能会带来一些挑战。花粉传播者可能更难找到伪装的植物，灰色和棕色的颜色可能损害光合作用)”可知，植物的自我伪装，可能会影响植物的光合作用，不利于自身生长。由此可知，伪装可能会带给Fritillaria一些负面的作用和影响。故选C项。11.主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Bothmeasureshaverevealedastrikingpattern:Themoreharvestedasiteis,thebetterthecolorofaplantmatchesitsbackground.(两项措施都揭示了一个惊人的模式：人们对Fritillaria收获采摘的频次越高，Fritillaria越能更好的调节自身颜色以更好的适应环境进行自我伪装)”和整篇文章可知，文章主要通过介绍研究者对Fritillaria伪装的实验研究，得出了人类的采摘活动会驱使Fritillaria为了更好地适应环境，进行进一步地伪装。由此可知，本篇文章的主旨大意为贝母的伪装进化是人类活动的结果。故选D项。【答案】12-15CADC【解析】本文是说明文。海底深处存在热液喷口，有很多物种在那里生活。12.细节理解题。由第一段前两句可知，科学家们从他们得到的数据中发现深海温度急剧上升，这令他们感到惊讶。13.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Scientistslaterrealizedthatbacteriawerechangingthetoxicventmineralsintousableformsofenergythroughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,providingfoodforotherventorganisms”可知，热液喷口生物的食物来自有毒的喷口矿物质。14.段落大意题。根据第二段内容特别是“Astheventmineralscool,theyformdifferenttypesofhydrothermalventstructures”可知，本段主要介绍了热液喷口的形成过程。15.推理判断题。根据第三段可知，C项正确描述了这三种不同的热液喷口的液体流动强度。【答案】16-20FDCGB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了24节气之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。16.根据上文“TheyalsoreflectChina’srichhistorythroughtheseasonalfestivals,specialfoods,culturalceremonies,familygatheringsandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.（它们还反映了中国丰富的历史，通过季节性的节日，特殊的食物，文化仪式，家庭聚会，甚至健康的生活技巧，与每个节气相对应）”以及第二段第一句“RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.（雨水预示着降雨量的增加和气温的上升）”F项：“Oneofthe24solarterms,whichisveryimportantinspring,iscalledRainWater.（二十四节气之一，在春天非常重要，被称为雨水）”承接上句，并且引出后文要介绍的二十四节气之一的雨水，承上启下。故选F。17.根据后句“InnorthernChina,thespringdroughtiscommonandtheprecipitationofthisseasonaccountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.（在中国北方，春旱很常见，这个季节的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍贵。D项：“AccordingtoanoldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.（中国有句古话，春雨贵如油）”符合语境。故选D。18.根据上句“Atthistimeofyear,farmersbegintoploughtheirfields.It’stherighttimetoprepareforspringsowingwhenthedaygetswarmer.（每年的这个时候，农民们开始犁地。天气转暖时，正是准备春播的好时机）”可知，C项：“Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodtowaterthefields.（因此，雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期）”和上句构成因果关系，说明雨水是人们准备春播灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。19.根据后句“Itisstronglyadvisednottotakeoffthethickcoatstooearlyandtokeepwarm,especiallytheelderlyandchildren.（强烈建议不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖，特别是老人和儿童）”可知，G项：“Thefastincreaseinairhumidityduetorainfallcanresultinlowertemperatureandwetweather.（降雨导致空气湿度迅速增加，导致气温下降，天气潮湿）”是建议人们不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故选G。20.根据后句“PeopleinBeijingofteneatporridge(粥)cookedwithakindofChineseherbmedicinetoresistcoldandwetweather.（北京人经常吃一种中草药煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气）”可知，B项：“Abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.（一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择）”后句承接B项具体说明北京人经常吃的一种中草药煮的粥来抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气，话题