专题16简单句-小学语法（附口诀练习和答案）

小学语法小学语法精讲精练专题16简单句思考引入思考引入 老师老师,我们上一课学了句子成分,那今天我们是不是学习如何用这些成分造句呀?是的!我们不仅要搞清楚句子成分,还要知道有哪些句型才能造句呢。我们把句子的5种基本成分组合在一起就变成了简单句的5种基本句型。这就是我们今天学习的重点是的!我们不仅要搞清楚句子成分,还要知道有哪些句型才能造句呢。我们把句子的5种基本成分组合在一起就变成了简单句的5种基本句型。这就是我们今天学习的重点简单句。简单句,简单句肯定就不难啦,我应该能学会!简单句,简单句肯定就不难啦,我应该能学会!哈哈哈!那你可得好好听了。哈哈哈!那你可得好好听了。知识概览知识概览知识精讲知识精讲一、简单句的基本含义简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子，并且句子各成分只由单词或短语构成。Ihaveabasketball.我有一个篮球。主语谓语MyfamilyandIliveinChina.我的家人和我都住在中国。主语谓语热身小练①找一找。请你找出下列句子的主语和谓语，并写在横线上。1.Thebuses.主语：__________________谓语：__________________2.Idrinkacupofcoffee.主语：__________________谓语：__________________答案：1.Thebuses2.Idrink二、简单句的五种基本句型根据不同的谓语动词以及句子成分的不同组成方式，简单句可分为以下5种基本句型。1.主语+谓语Classbegins.开始上课了。Sarahlaughs.萨拉笑了。这种句型的谓语一般是不及物动词，后面不需跟宾语就能使句子意义完整。小学阶段常见的不及物动词有：e来sit坐swim游泳see明白go去begin开始rain下雨sleep睡觉stop停止look看fail失败listen听work工作run跑laugh笑3.主语+系动词+表语Iamastudent.我是一名学生。Heisapilot.他是一名飞行员。Theyarefriends.他们是朋友。这种句型的谓语由“系动词+表语”共同构成，主要用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份等。小学阶段我们需要掌握的系动词就是be动词。4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Tomgivesmeabook.汤姆给了我一本书。Mr.Smithteachesusmath.史密斯先生教我们数学。“间接宾语+直接宾语”又称为双宾语。小学阶段常见的带双宾语的动词有：give给tell告诉make做buy买send送teach教cook做饭get收到支付show展示do做write写pass传递5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Readingmakesmehappy.阅读使我快乐。Ihearthebabycrying.我听见宝宝在哭。“宾语+宾语补足语”又称为复合宾语。小学阶段常见的接复合宾语的动词有：call把……叫作find找到hear听见make使变得see看见think认为keep保持watch看热身小练②请你写一写下列句子的结构。1.Iknowhim._________________________________2.Thepandasleeps._________________________________3.HeisfromBritain._________________________________4.Linapaintsthecatpink._________________________________5.Mymothermademeahamburger._________________________________答案：1.主语+谓语+宾语2.主语+谓语3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语三、特殊的简单句therebe句型1.therebe句型表示“某地有某物或某人”,其结构是：Therebe+主语+地点状语。Thereisatreehere.这里有一棵树。Therearemanytreesinthepark.公园里面有很多树。2.在therebe句型中，当有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词的单复数与离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式一致，这就是therebe句型的“就近一致”原则。Thereisadeskandtwochairsinmyroom.我的房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。Therearetwochairsandadeskinmyroom.我的房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。热身小练③填一填。请你用be动词的不同形式将下列句子补充完整，并找出每个句子的主语填写在横线上。1.There______________abedinmyroom.主语：______________2.There______________twobooksonmydesk.主语：______________3.There______________sometreesandariverinthepark.主语：______________4.There______________aneraserandtwopencilsinmypencilbox.主语：______________答案：1.isabed2.aretwobooks3.aresometreesandariver4.isaneraserandtwopencils知识精练知识精练一、写出下列句子的句子结构1．Ineedapen.(请写出句子结构)__________________________________________________________2．Mytelephonenumberis235748.(写出句子结构)__________________________________________________________3．请写出该句子是五种基本句型中的哪一种。Talentshowsaregettingmoreandmorepopular.__________________________________________________________4．写出以下句子的基本句型：Jackyishardworking.__________________________________________________________5．Thesouptastesdelicious.（写出句子结构）__________________________________________________________6．Sallycanplaythepianoverywell.（写出结构）__________________________________________________________7．Davidkeepshishairshort.__________________________________________________________8．Cathylendherbiketoherbestfriendyesterday.__________________________________________________________9．MrSmithisstrictwithus.(写出句子结构)__________________________________________________________10．Thewaiterpassedmethefood.(写出句子结构)__________________________________________________________11．Theoldmanalwayskeepshissmallhousewarmandclean.（写出句子结构）__________________________________________________________答案：1．主+谓+宾2．主+系+表3．主+系+表4．主系表5．主语+系动词+表语6．主语+谓语+宾语7．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语8．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语+状语9．主+系+表+状10．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语11．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语二、单选题1．There_______anymangoesinthefridgenow.Butthere_______somemangojuice.A．are;isn’t B．aren’t;are C．aren’t;is2．There_____alotofgrassbefore.Butnowthere_____moreandmorebuildings.A．are;are B．was;were C．was;are3．There______nogymsinmyschoolfiveyearsago.A．was B．is C．were D．are4．—Whyareyouinsuchahurry,John?—There______abasketballmatchbetweenClassThreeandourclassintenminutes.A．isgoingtobe B．isgoingtohave C．willhave D．willhold5．There______aputerinmyhometenyearsago.A．is B．was C．were6．—______twoglassesofjuiceinthefridge?—No.A．Wasthere B．Therewere C．Werethere7．There______anytrafficlightshere.A．are B．aren’t C．isn’t D．is8．It’ssohotoutside,butthereis_______juiceinthefridge.Let’sgoshoppingandbuysome.A．alittle B．few C．alotof D．little9．There______anappleandsomevegetablesonthetableyesterdaymorning.A．is B．were C．was10．There_______somewaterinthebottle.A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t11．There_________aglassofwaterinthepicture.A．is B．has C．are12．Inthepast,there_____________nolibraryinmyschool.A．was B．is C．were13．__________theremanytoysintheshop?A．Am B．Is C．Are14．—Istherearabbit_______themoon?—________A．on;No,thereisn’t. B．in;No,thereisn’t. C．on;Yes,thereis.15．There______45studentsinourclasslastyear.A．are B．was C．were三、用单词正确形式填空16．There______(be)somechickenandhamburgersonthetable.17．There_____(be)enoughtimetowork.Hurryup!18．There_______(be)aballandtwodollsinthebox.19．There______(be)somebirdsinthesky.20．There______(be)atheatreandtwomuseumsinthatcountrysidetwoyearsago.21．There________(be)manystarsandstripsontheflag.2