《城轨交通应急处置技能培训（双语）》课件-防毒面具的选择和使用

防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasks课程导入Courseimport地铁是日常大家出行的重要交通工具之一Thesubwayisoneoftheimportantmeansoftransportationforpeople'sdailytravel.客流量大thepassengerflowislargev产生大量有毒气体，有可能导致很多乘客窒息死亡。alargeamountoftoxicgaseswillbegenerated,whichmayleadtothesuffocationanddeathofmanypassengers.人员密集thepeoplearedense发生火灾onceafirebreaksout防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasks主讲教师：马丹Lecturer:Madanv呼吸器官Respiratoryorgansv眼睛和面部EyesandFace保护Protect防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasksv毒气Poisonousgasv细菌Bacteriav粉尘Dustv有毒有害气体Toxicandharmfulgases防止Prevent防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasksv如何应用防毒面具在火灾情况下逃生呢？Howcanoneuseagasmasktoescapeincaseofafire?防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasks防毒面具的使用Theuseofgasmasks防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks防毒面具根据作用原理不同进行分类：Gasmasksareclassifiedaccordingtodifferentworkingprinciples:v过滤式防毒面具filteringgasmasksv隔离式防毒面具isolatedgasmasks防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks过滤式防毒面具Filteringgasmasks半面罩half-facemasks全面罩full-facemasks防烟防毒面罩smokeandgasprotectionmasksv在防护呼吸的同时，还对使用者的面部（包括眼部以及脸部）进行防护。Notonlyprotectstherespirationbutalsosafeguardstheuser'sface(includingtheeyesandtheface).v只用于呼吸防护onlyusedforrespiratoryprotection防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks过滤式防毒面具使用环境：Usageenvironmentoffilteringgasmasks:氧浓度大于18%，温度为-30-+45℃Theoxygenconcentrationisgreaterthan18%andthetemperaturerangesfrom-30℃to+45℃.过滤式防毒面具防毒原理：Applicationfieldsoffilteringgasmasks:通过滤毒盒（以及滤棉）来过滤有毒有害气体以及粉尘颗粒等。Itfilterstoxicandharmfulgases,dustparticles,etc.throughthegasfiltercartridge(andfiltercotton).v过滤式防毒面具filteringgasmasks防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks过滤式防毒面具应用领域：Filteringgasmaskswithfull-facemasksandhalf-facemasks:全面罩和半面罩的过滤式防毒面具：喷漆、农药喷涂、油墨印刷、化工Full-faceandhalf-facefilteringgasmasksareapplicableto:spraypainting,pesticidespraying,inkprinting,andthechemicalindustry.v过滤式防毒面具filteringgasmasks防烟防毒面：火灾紧急逃生时使用Smokeandgasprotectionmasks:Usedforemergencyescapeduringfires防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks隔离式防毒面具IsolatedGasMasksIsolatedgasmasks长管呼吸器Longtuberespirator空气呼吸器Airrespirator防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks隔离式防毒面具IsolatedGasMasksIsolatedgasmasks长管呼吸器Longtuberespirator空气呼吸器Airrespiratorv可以源源不断的供给使用者新鲜的空气。Itcancontinuouslysupplyfreshairtotheuser.v供给时间由配置的气瓶容量决定，一般可以使用时间为45~60分钟。Thesupplytimeisdeterminedbythecapacityoftheconfiguredgascylinder.Generally,theavailableusagetimeis45to60minutes.防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks隔离式防毒面具使用环境：Usageenvironmentofisolatedgasmasks:一般使用于氧气浓度不足或者环境存在不了解的有毒物质时。Itisgenerallyusedwhentheoxygenconcentrationisinsufficientorwhenthereareunknowntoxicsubstancesintheenvironment.隔离式防毒面具防毒原理：Principleofisolatedgasmasksagainstpoison:长管呼吸器通过利用长管连接安全的空气提供给使用者呼吸；Thelong-tuberespiratorprovidestheuserwithbreathableairbyconnectingtoasafeairsourcethroughalongtube.v隔离式防毒面具isolatedgasmasks空气呼吸器则是通过提供气瓶内压缩的空气给使用者呼吸。Theairrespiratorsuppliestheuserwithcompressedairstoredinagascylinderforbreathing.防毒面具分类Classificationofgasmasks隔离式防毒面具应用领域：Applicationfieldsofisolatedgasmasks:v隔离式防毒面具isolatedgasmasks空气呼吸器多用于消防Airrespiratorsaremostlyusedinfirefighting供消防员或抢险救护人员在浓烟、毒气、蒸汽或缺氧等各种环境下有效地进行灭火，抢险救灾和救护工作。Theyareprovidedforfirefightersorrescueandambulanceworkerstoeffectivelycarryoutfireextinguishing,rescueandreliefoperations,andambulanceworkinvariousenvironmentssuchasthicksmoke,poisonousgases,steam,oroxygen-deficientconditions.长管呼吸器Long-tuberespirators在清理废弃化肥池、处理油罐等场合，需要长时间工作的环境。Usedinsituationssuchascleaningupabandonedfertilizerpondsandhandlingoiltanks,wherelonghoursofworkarerequired.防毒面具的选择和使用Theselectionanduseofgasmasksv在防毒面具的选用要求上应该注意哪几个要点呢？Whatkeypointsshouldbenotedintheselectionrequirementsofgasmasks?防毒面具选用要点Keypointsforselectinggasmasks防毒面具选用要点KeypointsforselectinggasmasksABCDE地铁发生了火灾，此时氧气浓度为32%，请问在这种情况下应该选用以下哪种防毒面具呢？（）Afirehasbrokenoutinthesubway.Atthistime,theoxygenconcentrationis32%.Whichofthefollowinggasmasksshouldbeselectedinthissituation?()vA、半面罩过滤式防毒面具A.Half-facepiecefilteringgasmaskvB、全面罩过滤式防毒面具B.Full-facepiecefilteringgasmaskvC、防烟防毒过滤式防毒面具C.Smokeandgas-prooffilteringgasmaskvD、长管呼吸器D.Long-tuberespiratorvE、空气呼吸器E.Airrespirator防毒面具选用要点KeypointsforselectinggasmasksABCDE地铁发生了火灾，此时氧气浓度为32%，请问在这种情况下应该选用以下哪种防毒面具呢？（）Afirehasbrokenoutinthesubway.Atthistime,theoxygenconcentrationis32%.Whichofthefollowinggasmasksshouldbeselectedinthissituation?()vA、半面罩过滤式防毒面具A.Half-facepiecefilteringgasmaskvB、全面罩过滤式防毒面具B.Full-facepiecefilteringgasmaskvC、防烟防毒过滤式防毒面具C.Smokeandgas-prooffilteringgasmaskvD、长管呼吸器D.Long-tuberespiratorvE、空气呼吸器E.Airrespirator防毒面具选用要点Keypointsforselectinggasmasks防毒面具选用三要点：Threekeypointsforselectinggasmasks:对类：Matchthetype:根据防毒面具的使用环境和应用领域选择对应类型的防毒面具；Selectthecorrespondingtypeofgasmaskaccordingtotheusageenvironmentandapplicationfieldsofthegasmask.查限：Checkthelimits:注意防毒面具限定的防护范围和有效防护时间；Payattentiontothelimitedprotectionrangeandeffectiveprotectiontimeofthegasmask.防损：Preventdamage:注意防毒面具是否有损伤变形、无法使用。Checkwhetherthegasmaskisdamaged,deformed,orinoperable.防毒面具的使用Theuseofthegasmasks防毒面具的使用Theuseofthegasmasks利用外在用品防护自身安全的前提Theprerequisiteforusingexternalitemstoprotectourownsafety具有安全可靠的质量theitemhasreliablequality性能保证performanceguarantees防毒面具的使用Theuseofthegasmasksv防毒面组成ComponentsofaGasMaskv防毒面具使用前检查Pre-useInspectionofaGasMaskv佩戴防毒面具的步骤StepsofWearingaGasMaskComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成大眼窗alarge-eyewindowComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成硅胶口罩asiliconemaskComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成头罩aheadgear,ComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成可调整固头带anadjustableheadstrapComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成排气阀anexhaustvalveComponentsofaGasMask防毒面组成不锈钢滤毒罐astainless-steelgascartridgePre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查使用前需检查面具是否有裂痕、破口，确保面具与脸部贴合密封性；Beforeuse,checkwhetherthemaskhascracksoropeningstoensureagoodsealwhenthemaskisfittedtotheface.Pre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查检查排气阀片有无变形，破裂及裂缝；Checkwhethertheexhaustvalveplateisdeformed,crackedordamaged.Pre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查检查头带是否有弹性；Checkwhethertheheadstraphaselasticity.Pre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查检查滤毒盒座密封圈是否完好并检查整套面具的气密性；Checkwhetherthesealringofthegascartridgeseatisintactandchecktheairtightnessofthewholemask.Pre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查打开底盖OpenthebottomcoverPre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查戴好面罩，用手堵住滤毒罐进气口，同时用力吸气，若感闭塞不透气，则为良好。putonthemask,andblocktheairinletofthegascartridgewithyourhand.Atthesametime,inhaleforcefully.Ifyoufeelstuffyandnoairisgettingthrough,itindicatesthattheairtightnessisgood.Pre-useInspectionofaGasMask防毒面具使用前检查检查滤毒盒是否在使用期内CheckwhetherthegascartridgeiswithintheservicelifeStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤一拆二拔三戴四拉OneUnbox,TwoPull,ThreeWear,FourAdjustStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤一拆：拆开包装盒、包装袋OneUnbox:UnboxthepackagingboxandbagStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤左手按压防毒面具包装盒背面PressthebackofthegasmaskpackagingboxwithyourlefthandStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤右手按照开启方向指示箭头，快速正面扣动凹槽处薄板拆开包装盒。Withyourrighthand,quicklypressthethinplateatthegrooveinthedirectionindicatedbytheopeningarrowtounboxthepackagingbox.StepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤二拔：拔掉密封塞TwoPull:PulloutthesealingplugsStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤一手抓紧防毒面具滤毒罐处，一手使劲拉动密封塞耳塞。Holdthegascartridgeofthegasmaskfirmlywithonehandandusetheotherhandtopulltheearplugofthesealingplugforcefully.StepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤拔掉滤毒罐前后两个密封塞。Pulloutthetwosealingplugsatthefrontandbackofthegascartridge.StepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤三戴：戴上头罩ThreeWear:PutontheheadgearStepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤双手撑开头罩，先用头罩后部扣住后脑勺。Stretchtheheadgearwithbothhands.First,fastenthebackpartoftheheadgeartothebackofthehead,StepsofWearingaGasMask佩戴防毒面具的步骤然后用双手尽量撑开防毒面具前面滤毒罐与面部的距离。Thenusebothhandstostretchthedistancebetweenthegas