2024-2025学年北京市西城区高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（共83分）Ⅰ.听力理解（略）Ⅱ.完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Firefightersshouldbequickthinkers.Inanemergency,theyshouldfigureoutthespeediestandsafestwaytoact,sometimesincludingimprovising(临时拼凑)withthethings____1____.FirechiefFennessyknowsthiswell.Heisnowmakingheadlinesfor____2____twohomeswithmilkandbeerduringafireinAltadena,California.AlthoughAltadenawasnotinhischarge,Fennessygrewupthereandstillhadfamilyandfriendsthere.Hearingthenewsofthefire,hetriedtocontacthisbrother.Whenhecouldn’t____3____hisbrother,FennessydecidedtodriveovertoAltadena.Onhisway,helearnedhisbrother’sfamilyhadbeentakentosafety,butsincehehadalreadymadethe____4____,Fennessyfiguredhemightaswelltakealook.Whenreachingthespot,Fennessycouldn’tbelievehiseyesatthesightoftheruins.“Ihaven’tseenanythinglikethiswhereyoudriveformiles,andthere’smassive____5____,”Fennessysaid.Whenhereachedhisbrother’sstreet,hishomeandaneighbor’shousewerestillstanding,buthe____6____theflamesweregettingtooclose,asothernearbyhomeswerealreadyburningdown.Evenmoreworrisome,agasmeterontheneighbor’shousewasmelting(熔化),surroundedbyfire.Thinkinghehadto____7____thegasmeter,helookedforahose(水龙带),buttherewasnowater.Exploringhisoptions,Fennessy____8____hisentrythroughthefrontdoorofoneofthehomesandwentintothekitchenlookingforwhateverhecoulduse.“Iendedupfindingsomemilkandbeer,”heexplained.“Todonothingmeansthehome’sgoingtobe____9____,andinthiscase,alittlemilkandbeerreallysavedtheday.”Thetwohomeshesavedarenowtheonlytwohousesstandingontheblock.ButFennessysaidheonlydidwhathecouldasatrainedfirefighterandwasgettingalotof______10______forwhatwasluckintermsoftimingandresources.“We’refixers.We’regoingtoputourlivesontheline,”Fennessysaid.1.A.athand B.ontime C.inorder D.inmind2.A.cleaning B.providing C.saving D.filling3.A.persuade B.reach C.meet D.remind4.A.day B.trip C.change D.appointment5.A.access B.progress C.disturbance D.destruction6.A.forgot B.wondered C.feared D.ignored7.A.cool B.break C.operate D.remove8.A.missed B.declared C.delayed D.forced9.A.lost B.emptied C.moved D.restored10.A.wisdom B.pride C.credit D.confidence【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.D9.A10.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了消防队长Fennessy在加利福尼亚州阿尔塔迪纳的一场火灾中，用牛奶和啤酒成功挽救两栋房屋的故事，展现了消防员在紧急情况下的机智与勇敢。【1题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在紧急情况下，他们应该想出最迅速、最安全的行动方式，有时包括利用手头的东西临时拼凑。A.athand在手边；B.ontime按时；C.inorder整齐，有序；D.inmind在脑海中。根据“improvising(临时拼凑)withthethings”可知，是利用手头现有的东西，athand符合语境。故选A项。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他现在因在加利福尼亚州阿尔塔迪纳的一场火灾中用牛奶和啤酒挽救了两栋房屋而成为新闻焦点。A.cleaning清洁；B.providing提供；C.saving挽救，拯救；D.filling填充。根据下文“Thetwohomeshesavedarenowtheonlytwohousesstandingontheblock.”可知，Fennessy用牛奶和啤酒挽救了两栋房屋。故选C项。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当联系不上他的兄弟时，Fennessy决定开车去阿尔塔迪纳。A.persuade说服；B.reach联系，到达；C.meet遇见；D.remind提醒。根据上文“Hearingthenewsofthefire,hetriedtocontacthisbrother.”可知，此处指联系不上兄弟，reach有“联系”之意。故选B项。【4题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在路上，他得知他兄弟一家已被带到安全地带，但既然他已经踏上了行程，Fennessy觉得不妨去看一看。A.day天；B.trip行程，旅行；C.change改变；D.appointment约会，预约。根据上文“FennessydecidedtodriveovertoAltadena”可知，他已经决定开车去阿尔塔迪纳，即踏上了行程，makethetrip“踏上行程”。故选B项。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fennessy说：“我从未见过这样的场景，开车行驶数英里，到处都是大规模的破坏。”A.access通道，机会；B.progress进步；C.disturbance干扰；D.destruction破坏。根据上文“theruins”以及“hecouldn’tbelievehiseyesatthesightoftheruins”可知，火灾造成了大规模的破坏。故选D项。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他到达他兄弟所在的街道时，他的家和邻居的房子还矗立着，但他担心火焰越来越近，因为附近的其他房屋已经在燃烧。A.forgot忘记；B.wondered想知道；C.feared担心，害怕；D.ignored忽视。根据“theflamesweregettingtooclose,asothernearbyhomeswerealreadyburningdown”可知，附近房屋在燃烧，火焰逼近，所以他很担心。故选C项。【7题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他觉得必须冷却煤气表，于是寻找水龙带，但没有水。A.cool冷却；B.break打破；C.operate操作；D.remove移除。根据上文“agasmeterontheneighbor’shousewasmelting(熔化),surroundedbyfire”可知，煤气表被火包围在熔化，所以要冷却它。故选A项。【8题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在探索各种可能的办法时，Fennessy强行从前门进入其中一所房子，走进厨房寻找任何可用的东西。A.missed错过；B.declared宣布；C.delayed延迟；D.forced强行，迫使。根据当时火灾的紧急情况，房子可能处于危险或封闭状态，所以他强行从前门进入，forceone’sentry“强行进入”。故选D项。【9题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说：“什么都不做意味着房子会失去，在这种情况下，一点牛奶和啤酒真的挽救了局面。”A.lost失去；B.emptied清空；C.moved移动；D.restored恢复。根据“Todonothing”以及火灾的情境可知，如果不采取措施房子就会被烧毁，即失去房子。故选A项。【10题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Fennessy说，他只是做了作为一名训练有素的消防员所能做的事情，并且因为时机和资源方面的运气而获得了很多赞誉。A.wisdom智慧；B.pride骄傲；C.credit赞扬，认可；D.confidence信心。根据上文“heonlydidwhathecouldasatrainedfirefighter”以及他挽救房屋成为新闻焦点可知，他获得了很多赞誉，getcreditfor“因……而得到好评”。故选C项。Ⅲ.阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOdysseyoftheMind(OM)promotescreativity,problemsolving,teamwork,andmore.Itisacreativeproblem-solvingcompetitionthatgiveskidstheconfidencetothinkforthemselvesandtocreatesolutionstoanychallenge.Independentstudy,originalideas,andcriticalthinkingskillsarerewardedovergettingthe“onerightanswer”thankstoouruniqueopen-endedproblemsthatarebackedbyeducatorsandexpertsinSTE(A)Mfields.Performance,art&culturalstudiesarealsoincorporated,creatingawell-roundedprogramthathasimpactedlivesforover40years.OMbenefitsalltypesofstudentsastheylearntothinkoutsidethebox.Participation●Studentsworkinteamsofuptosevenmembersandspendweeksormonthsworkingtogetherandcreatingsolutionstolong-termproblems.Everyyear,therearesixlong-termproblemsdesignedforthemtochoosefrom.●Teamsareformedbydivisionandcompeteagainstteamsinthesamedivisionandproblem.Gradeleveldeterminesthedivisionforteams.●Inthecompetition,teamshaveeightminutestopresenttheirlong-termproblemsolution.Theywillbescoredforhowwelltheymeettherequirementsoftheproblem(Long-Termscore)andfortheircreativityincategoriesspecifictothatproblem(Stylescore).CostYearlymembershipsarerequiredtoparticipateinOM.Eachmembershipsupportsoneteamperproblemperdivision.●StandardMembership$290:Individualschools/Multipleschoolssharingaprincipal.●AdditionalMembership$190:Onlyforschoolswhoentertwoteamsinthesameproblemanddivisionincompetition.Awards●RanatraFuscaCreativityAward:ItrepresentstheessenceofOM.Itispresentedtoteamsorindividualswhoexhibitexceptionalcreativity,eitherthroughsomeaspectoftheirproblemsolution,oranextraordinaryideabeyondtheproblemsolution.●OMER’sAward:Itrecognizesindividualsorteamswhodemonstrateoutstandingsportsmanship,excellentbehavior,orexceptionaltalent.●OdysseyoftheMindCreativityAward:Itrecognizesanindividualand/ororganizationforextraordinarycreativeachievementorexceptionaleffort.●OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAward:Itrecognizesanindividualinvolvedintheprogramwhodemonstratestheencouragementanddevelopmentofcooperation,self-respect,andtheappreciationandunderstandingofothers.11.WhatdoesOdysseyoftheMindvaluemost?A.Havinginnovativesolutions. B.Gettingtherightanswer.C.Impactingothers’dailylives. D.Facingmorechallenges.12.InOdysseyoftheMind,studentswill________.A.workingroupsofatleastsevenB.bescoredfromtwodifferentaspectsC.addresssixproblemsatthesametimeD.preparetheirsolutionswithineightminutes13.Theparticipantwiththestrongestsenseofteamworkismostlikelytobeawarded________.A.OMER’sAwardB.RanatraFuscaCreativityAwardC.OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAwardD.OdysseyoftheMindCreativityAward【答案】11.A12.B13.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“头脑奥德赛”（OdysseyoftheMind，简称OM）这一创意解决问题竞赛，涵盖其培养能力、参与方式、费用及奖项设置等内容，旨在通过独特的开放式问题，提升学生的创造力、团队合作等多方面能力。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Independentstudy,originalideas,andcriticalthinkingskillsarerewardedovergettingthe“onerightanswer”thankstoouruniqueopen-endedproblemsthatarebackedbyeducatorsandexpertsinSTE(A)Mfields.(由于我们独特的开放式问题得到了STE(A)M领域教育工作者和专家的支持，独立学习、原创想法和批判性思维技能比得到“唯一正确答案”更受重视。)”可知，“头脑奥德赛”最看重的是有创新的解决方案。故选A项。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据“Participation”部分中的“Inthecompetition,teamshaveeightminutestopresenttheirlong-termproblemsolution.Theywillbescoredforhowwelltheymeettherequirementsoftheproblem(Long-Termscore)andfortheircreativityincategoriesspecifictothatproblem(Stylescore).(在比赛中，团队有8分钟时间展示他们的长期问题解决方案。他们将根据满足问题要求的程度（长期得分）以及在该问题特定类别中的创造力（风格得分）进行评分。)”可知，在“头脑奥德赛”中，学生将从两个不同方面被评分。故选B项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据“Awards”部分中的“OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAward:Itrecognizesanindividualinvolvedintheprogramwhodemonstratestheencouragementanddevelopmentofcooperation,self-respect,andtheappreciationandunderstandingofothers.(‘头脑奥德赛精神奖’：该奖项表彰参与该项目的个人，其表现出对合作、自尊的鼓励和培养，以及对他人的欣赏和理解。)”可知，最有团队合作意识的参与者最有可能获得“头脑奥德赛精神奖”。故选C项。BI’vealwaysbeenadaringrisktaker.ButwhenIwas15,myluckranout.Ahorsebackridingaccidentresultedinsevereinjuries,thedeathofmybelovedhorseSpooks,andthehorriblenewsthatI’dneverrideagain.Iwassetonprovingthedoctorswrong.Justafewmonthslater,withmymother’ssupport,Irodesidesaddleandwonmyfirstjumpingcompetition.Theexcitementwasincredible.Fromthenon,Icommittedmylifetoadventure,rememberingmymother’slesson:neversay,“Ican’t”.At22,Ireadaboutanopeningtobeamotorcycletrickrider—I’dlearnedtorideafewyearsearlier.Still,itwas1976andIknewtheywereunlikelytohireawoman.IthoughtaboutthatasIsignedmytrickriderapplication,leavingoffthehonorific—Ms.,hopingtohidethefactthatIwasawoman.Buttheynevergotbacktome.Iwasheartbroken.Maybethepositionhadalreadybeenfilled;maybethey’ddiscoveredIwasawoman.MyfriendStevethenproposedanideathatatfirstseemedcrazy:learningtoflyaeroplanes.“Flyingisformen,”Ilaughedattheidea.Butgradually,Irealizedthesuggestionhadstuckwithme.Yearsago,trialflights—briefintroductorysessionswithaninstructor—costjust£5for15minutesintheair.SteveandIbothsignedup,andaftermyfirstsession,Icouldn’tstoptalkingaboutflying.IgotmylicenseandheadedfortheUStoworkasapilot.Itwasn’teasy.Initially,peopleweredoubtfulaboutawomanworkingintherole,butIendedupoutperformingmymalecolleagues.Twentyyearslater,IreturnedtoEnglandandstartedmyownflyingcompany.Now,Iliveaquieterlife.I’vesettledinavillageinLincolnshire,spendingmuchofmytimevolunteeringincarehomes.LastOctober,afternearlyfiftyyearsandcountlessadventures,IreceivedaletterfromapostofficeinStaines.Itwasmytrickriderapplication.Thepostofficeapologizedforthedelayandexplainedithadbeenfoundstuckbehindadrawerintheoffice—thecompanyneverreceivedit.Lookingback,IrealizedthateventhoughIdidn’tgetthatjob,itledmetoaseriesofadventuresthatshapedmylifeinunexpectedandfulfillingways.14.Whatdidwinningthejumpingcompetitionbringtothewriter?A.Thefaithinfriendship.B.Theacquisitionofanewskill.C.Therecognitionofmother’slove.D.Thedeterminationtogoadventuring.15.HowdidthewriterfeelatfirstwhenStevesuggestedlearningtofly?A.Curious. B.Inspired. C.Desperate. D.Doubtful.16.Whydidthewriterfailtoreceiveanyreplyaboutthetrickrideposition?A.Becausesheforgottosigntheapplication.B.Becauseherapplicationwasnotdelivered.C.Becausewomenwereunfitfortheposition.D.Becausethepositionhadalreadybeenfilled.17.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Smartplansmakebigdreams.B.Thebestjourneysarenotmapped.C.Doubtkillsmoregoalsthanfailure.D.Strongwomencreatestrongsocieties.【答案】14.D15.D16.B17.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者15岁骑马受伤后仍坚持冒险，22岁申请摩托车特技骑手未获回复，后在朋友建议下学习飞行并取得成功，多年后发现申请信因邮局失误未被公司收到，这次经历让作者感悟到人生冒险之旅充满意外与惊喜。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fromthenon,Icommittedmylifetoadventure,rememberingmymother’slesson:neversay,“Ican’t”.

(从那时起，我投身于冒险生活，牢记母亲的教诲：永远不要说“我不能”)”可知，赢得跳跃比赛让作者下定决心去冒险。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Flyingisformen,”Ilaughedattheidea.(“飞行是男人的事”我嘲笑这个想法)”可知，当史蒂夫建议学习飞行时，作者一开始是怀疑的。故选D项。【16题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thepostofficeapologizedforthedelayandexplainedithadbeenfoundstuckbehindadrawerintheoffice—thecompanyneverreceivedit.(邮局为延误道歉，并解释说信被发现卡在办公室抽屉后面——公司从未收到)”可知，作者没有收到关于特技骑手职位回复的原因是她的申请没有被送到公司。故选B项。【17题详析】推理判断题。主要讲述作者15岁骑马受伤后仍坚持冒险，22岁申请摩托车特技骑手未获回复，后在朋友建议下学习飞行并取得成功，多年后发现申请信因邮局失误未被公司收到，这次经历让作者感悟到人生冒险之旅充满意外与惊喜。B选项“Thebestjourneysarenotmapped.（最好的旅程是无法规划的。）”符合推断。故选B项。CElephantsandgorillasintheRepublicoftheCongo’srainforestsspendalotoftimehidingintheshadows—orsowethought.Usingdrone(无人机)surveysandAIprocessing,scientistshavediscoveredanextensivenetworkofmysteriousopenclearingsamongthetrees.Animalslikeelephants,gorillasvisitthesemuddyareas,calledbais,inthelanguagesoftheIndigenousBa’Aka,tosearchforvitalnutritionandmaintaintheircomplexsocialnetworks.Thenumerousplaygroundsarevisibleinsatelliteimages,andAIanalysisishelpingresearchersfindthemmoreeffectively.Thediscoverybeganin2021whenSylvainNgoumaandEvanHockridgecameuponamassiveclearingduringfieldworkinOdzala-KokouaNationalParkandfoundatrail(踪迹)ofwet,pot-sizedfootprintsleadingthroughthewoodstotheopenroundabout.Hockridge,whohadthoughtbaiswereabnormal,says,“Ihaditbackward.ItkindofhitmewhenIwasthere.Youcan’tunderstandanimalinteractionswithoutfirstunderstandingbais.”Forthenextthreesummers,theteaminvestigatedtheclearings.Theyanalyzedcamera-trapimages,confirmingwhatlocalpeoplehadtoldthem—thatthesenaturalclearingsarecrucialgatheringgroundsforsomeoftheworld’smostendangeredmammals.Thebais,theyrealized,arebigmeltingpots,bigplaygrounds,foracollectionofforestanimals.Duringtheinitialsurveys,theteamfollowedelephanttrailstomovethroughtherainforestfrombaitobai.ThisprocessledHockridgetowonderaboutanetwork.Althoughpreviousstudiesdocumentedanimalbehaviorinselectedbais,noonehadcountedthemorhadthemeanstomaptheirdistribution.TheteampartneredwithAfricanParks,usingdronestoscanknownsites.TheytrainedanAIalgorithm(算法)toidentifybaisinsatelliteimagery,revealing2,176clearingsinonepark—10timesmorethanpreviouslyrecorded.Baisarealwaysnearriversorstreams.Mostaresmallerthanacityblock,butfew,atmorethan100acres,arebiggerthansomecollegecampuses.“Baisareultimatelyislandsofresources,andanimalsproducethesenetworksoftrailstoessentiallynavigatetoandfromanetworkofbais,”Hockridgesays.Theresearchers’mapofbais,thefirstofitskind,isalsoamapofconservationpriorities.“Wefindthatahugeportionoftheanimalcommunitydependsonthisuniqueecosystem.Thesespeciesdon’thavealternativehabitatsotherthanbais,”Hockridgesays.Thestudyisalsoasteptowardsolvingtheultimatemystery:Howdidbaisform?Manyecologistshavearguedthatacombinationofhydrology(水文学)andanimallandscapingisatplay.Butdefinitiveproofremainselusive.Now,withamapinhandandcameratrapsstillinplace,theresearchteamistrackinglong-termchanges,whichhaveimplicationsforthemaintenanceofthesecrucialanimalhabitats.“Wehavehypotheses(假说),”AndrewDavies,anecologistinHarvard,says,“buttheshortansweris:wedon’tknow.”18.Forrainforestanimals,baisareplacesfor________.A.funandsafety B.waterandshelterC.foodandconnection D.shadeandentertainment19.WhatcanwelearnaboutNgoumaandHockridge’sresearch?A.Itdiscoveredhowbaisformed.B.Itwasthefirsttomapthenetworkofbais.C.Itanalyzedimagesofbaisprovidedbylocalpeople.D.Itconcludedbaiswerespotsintendedforendangeredspecies.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elusive”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Difficulttofind. B.Simpletoclarify.C.Possibletooverestimate. D.Unlikelytoquestion.21.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ConservationPrioritiesinRainforestsB.HiddenPlaygroundsRevealedinRainforestsC.SecretsofRainforestAnimals’SocialNetworksD.ModernToolsAdoptedforRainforestExploration【答案】18.C19.B20.A21.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家借助无人机调查和人工智能处理，在刚果共和国雨林中发现众多神秘开阔空地“bais”，这些空地对大象、大猩猩等动物意义重大，研究团队还绘制出首张“bais”网络地图，但“bais”的形成原因仍有待探索。【18题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Animalslikeelephants,gorillasvisitthesemuddyareas,calledbais...tosearchforvitalnutritionandmaintaintheircomplexsocialnetworks.(像大象、大猩猩这样的动物会来到这些被称为bais的泥泞区域……寻找重要的营养物质，并维持它们复杂的社会网络)”可知，对于雨林动物来说，bais是获取食物（营养物质）和建立联系（维持社会网络）的地方。故选C项。【19题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theresearchers’mapofbais,thefirstofitskind,isalsoamapofconservationpriorities.(研究人员绘制的bais地图，是此类地图中的首张，也是一张保护优先级地图)”可知，Ngouma和Hockridge的研究首次绘制出了bais网络地图。故选B项。【20题详析】词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Thestudyisalsoasteptowardsolvingtheultimatemystery:Howdidbaisform?Manyecologistshavearguedthatacombinationofhydrology(水文学)andanimallandscapingisatplay.Butdefinitiveproofremainselusive.(这项研究也是朝着解开最终谜团迈出的一步：bais是如何形成的？许多生态学家认为水文学和动物景观的结合在起作用。但确凿的证据仍然elusive)”以及最后一段““Wehavehypotheses(假说),”AndrewDavies,anecologistinHarvard,says,“buttheshortansweris:wedon’tknow.”(哈佛大学的生态学家安德鲁·戴维斯说：“我们有一些假设，但简短的答案是：我们不知道”)”可知，虽然有一些观点，但仍不确定bais的形成原因，所以确凿证据难以找到，“elusive”意思是“Difficulttofind（难以找到）”故选A项。【21题详析】主旨大意题。主要介绍科学家借助无人机调查和人工智能处理，在刚果共和国雨林中发现众多神秘开阔空地“bais”，这些空地对大象、大猩猩等动物意义重大，研究团队还绘制出首张“bais”网络地图，但“bais”的形成原因仍有待探索。B选项“雨林中揭示的隐藏游乐场”，准确概括文章内容，为最佳标题。故选B项。DMondaywasthefirstdayofDartmouth’sspringterm.So,asIoftendoatthistime,Istartedteachingmycoursefornon-sciencemajorscalled“UnderstandingtheUniverse:FromAtomstotheBigBang”.Thisiswhatstudentsliketocalla“physicsforpoets”class—aclassthatexploresthehistoryofhowhumanityhasfacedsomeofthedeepestquestionswecanaskaboutthematerialworldandourplaceinit,withoutthemath.Itisaclassthattriestocapturethetruespiritoftheliberal-artseducation,mixingthesciencesandthehumanitiesasdifferentandcomplementarywaysofknowingtheworldandwhywematter.Infancierwords,asanintellectualhistoryofphysicsandastronomy(天文学),theclassrequiresthatscientificthinkingbecontextualizedculturally,sothatstudentscansituatethewaysinwhichsomeofthemostrevolutionaryideasinthepast2,000yearsemergedwhentheydid.Scientists,bytraining,havelittleexposuretothehumanities.Giventhatamajorinthesciencesrequiresalotoftechnicalwork,wespendpreciouslittletimedealingwithwhathappenedculturallyandhistoricallyaroundthesciencewearetryingtounderstand.This,Ibelieve,isthereasonwhysomanyscientistsinthepublicmediacondemn(谴责)thehumanitiesasuseless.Asaconsequence,manyscientificideasarepresentedashavingaddressedsomeofthedeepestquestionswehavebeenasking,whentheyhaven’t.Humanitiesstudents,ontheotherhand,aretypicallythosewhoavoidthesciencesor,atleast,math.Theirtrainingisalsotechnical,involvinglotsofreadingandcriticalwriting.Youcanoftentell,whenyouteachthiskindofclass,whothescientistsandthehumanistsare.Allyouhavetodoiswriteanequation(方程)ontheblackboardandlookattheclass.Humanistswillquicklylookbored.Thescientistswillbecomelively.AsyoureadfromAristotle’sMetaphysics,theoppositewillhappen.Tobridgethisgapisthechallenge.Theclassroomistheidealplaceforthisconversationbetweenthesciencesandthehumanitiestounfold.Byexposingstudentstothetwosidesoftheculturaldivide,westandachanceofcreatingsomethingthatwillactuallyclosethegap.Scientistsshouldrecognizethatsomeresearchtopics—AI,biotechnology,climatechange,lifeextension,nature,andmanyothers—needtobeinvestigatedtogetherwithhumanistsasajointeffort.Ifinishedthefirstclassbyremindingthestudentsthatnoteventhebestteacherintheworldcanteachsomeonewhodoesn’twanttolearn.Afterall,asTomStoppardremindedusinhisbrilliantplayArcadia,itiswantingtoknowthatmakesusmatter—scientistsandhumanistsalike.22.What’sspecialabouttheauthor’sclass?A.Itguidesstudentstoexplainrevolutionaryideas.B.Itappealstoartsstudentstoswitchtoscientificthinking.C.Itbreakstheboundarybetweenthesciencesandthehumanities.D.It挖sintothesecretsofhuman’spositioninthematerialworld.23.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorapplaud?A.Mary,ahistorymajor,quitcomputerengineeringforlackofinterest.B.Mia,anartstudent,drewpicturesoffamousscientistsforasciencefair.C.Ben,teachingchemistry,guidedhisstudentstofocusontechnologywork.D.David,studyingphysics,workedwithaphilosophystudentforhisproject.24.Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtodelivertohisstudents?A.Universitycoursespresentchallenges.B.Theculturaldividedeservesapproval.C.Theeagernesstolearnisofsignificance.D.Prejudicetowardsthehumanitiesishistory.【答案】22.C23.D24.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在达特茅斯春季学期首日，为非理科专业学生开设“理解宇宙：从原子到宇宙大爆炸”课程，该课程打破科学与人文界限，作者强调了求知欲的重要性，并倡导科学与人文领域学生的合作。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itisaclassthattriestocapturethetruespiritoftheliberal-artseducation,mixingthesciencesandthehumanitiesasdifferentandcomplementarywaysofknowingtheworldandwhywematter.(这是一门试图捕捉文科教育真正精神的课程，将科学和人文作为认识世界以及理解我们为何重要的不同且互补的方式融合在一起)”可知，作者课程的特别之处在于打破了科学与人文之间的界限。故选C项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Scientistsshouldrecognizethatsomeresearchtopics—AI,biotechnology,climatechange,lifeextension,nature,andmanyothers—needtobeinvestigatedtogetherwithhumanistsasajointeffort.(科学家应该认识到，一些研究课题——人工智能、生物技术、气候变化、生命延长、自然等等——需要与人文领域学者共同努力进行研究)”可知，作者赞同科学与人文领域的合作。故选D项。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifinishedthefirstclassbyremindingthestudentsthatnoteventhebestteacherintheworldcanteachsomeonewhodoesn’twanttolearn.Afterall,asTomStoppardremindedusinhisbrilliantplayArcadia,itiswantingtoknowthatmakesusmatter—scientistsandhumanistsalike.(我在第一堂课结束时提醒学生，即使是世界上最好的老师也教不会不想学习的人。毕竟，正如汤姆·斯托帕德在他精彩的戏剧《阿卡迪亚》中提醒我们的，是求知欲让我们变得重要——科学家和人文学者都是如此)”可知，作者想传达给学生的信息是求知欲很重要。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中共有两项为多余选项。Forgivenessissomethingthatmanyofusstrivefor,butitcanoftenfeeldifficulttoachieve.Overtheyears,we’veheardcountlesspeopleexpresstheintentiontoforgive,onlytostrugglewiththeemotionalroadblocksthatpreventthemfromtrulylettinggo.First,let’sdefineforgiveness.____25____It’snotaboutforgettingwhathappenedorexcusingharmfulbehavior.Infact,ourmindstellusthatifwestayangry,bitter,ordistant,we’llbesafefromfurtherhurt.____26____Whileholdingontomemoriesandcreatingdistancemayoffertemporaryemotionalsafeguards,itoftendeepensoursadness,isolatesus,andpreventsusfromhealing.Forgiveness,ontheotherhand,isaboutchoosingnottoletthatpaincontinuetodefineyourthoughts,emotions,andbehaviors.Forgivenessisessentialbecausewe’reallhuman,andweallmakemistakes.Ifwewanttocultivatemeaningfulrelationships,therewillunavoidablybetimeswhenwehurtoneanother.Forgivenessbecomescrucialinmaintainingthoseconnectionsandourownpeaceofmind.____27____Forgivingyourselfisespeciallyimportant.Raisingwallsofbitternessorangertowardyourselfisdeeplydamaging.Whenyouholdontoshameorguilt,youcreateemotionalbarriersthatpreventyoufromlivingfullyandauthentically.So,howdoweforgive?Whilethejourneyisdeeplypersonalandcanvaryfrompersontoperson,therearekeystepsthatcanhelpguideus.Acknowledgethehurtandpainexactlyasitis.____28____Thisperspectiveallowsustoseeothers(andourselves)asimperfecthumansdoingthebesttheycanwithwhattheyhave.Extendsympathytoyourselfandothers.Choosetoreleasebitternessandmoveforwardinlinewithyourvalues.____29____It’sanongoingpractice.Buteverytimeyouchooseforgiveness,youcreatespaceforloveandhealingtoflowthroughyourlife.A.Itisacontinuousprocess.B.Butweknowthatthisisn’ttrue.C.Recognizethateveryonehasfaults.D.Rememberthatforgivenessisn’taone-timeevent.E.Forgivenessisthedecisiontoreleaseattachmenttoapainfulpast.F.Youdon’thavetocommunicatewiththepersonwhowrongedyou.G.Infact,wemayneedtoforgivenotonlyothersbutourselvesaswell.【答案】25.E26.B27.G28.C29.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宽恕的定义、重要性以及实现宽恕的方法。【25题详析】根据小标题“First,let’sdefineforgiveness.(首先，让我们定义一下宽恕)”以及下文“It’snotaboutforgettingwhathappenedorexcusingharmfulbehavior.(它不是关于忘记发生的事情或原谅有害的行为)”可知，选项与小标题呼应，给出宽恕的定义，引出后文对宽恕不是什么的阐述。E选项“宽恕是决定放下对痛苦过去的执着”符合语境，故选E。【26题详析】根据上文“Infact,ourmindstellusthatifwestayangry,bitter,ordistant,we’llbesafefromfurtherhurt.(事实上，我们的思维告诉我们，如果我们保持愤怒、痛苦或疏远，我们就能免受进一步的伤害)”以及下文“Whileholdingontomemoriesandcreatingdistancemayoffertemporaryemotionalsafeguards,itoftendeepensoursadness,isolatesus,andpreventsusfromhealing.(虽然执着于记忆和保持距离可能会提供暂时的情感保护，但它常常会加深我们的悲伤，使我们孤立，并阻碍我们治愈)”可知，选项承上启下，对前文思维所认为的内容进行转折，引出后文这种方式实际带来的负面结果。B选项“但我们知道这不是真的”符合语境，故选B。【27题详析】根据上文“Forgivenessbecomescrucialinmaintainingthoseconnectionsandourownpeaceofmind.(宽恕在维持这些关系和我们自己的内心平静方面变得至关重要)”及下文“Forgivingyourselfisespeciallyimportant.(宽恕自己尤其重要)”可知，承上启下，引出后文关于宽恕自己的内容，说明宽恕不仅针对他人，自己也需要被宽恕。G选项“事实上，我们可能不仅需要宽恕他人，也需要宽恕自己”符合语境，故选G。【28题详析】根据上文“Acknowledgethehurtandpainexactlyasitis.(如实承认伤害和痛苦)”及下文“Thisperspectiveallowsustoseeothers(andourselves)asimperfecthumansdoingthebesttheycanwithwhattheyhave.(这种视角能让我们把他人（和自己）看作不完美但尽力而为的人)”可知，选项承上启下，引出后文关于把他人和自己看作不完美的人的内容，说明承认伤害后要认识到每个人都有缺点这一视角。C选项“认识到每个人都有缺点”符合语境，故选C。【29题详析】根据下文“It’sanongoingpractice.Buteverytimeyouchooseforgiveness,youcreatespaceforloveandhealingtoflowthroughyourlife.(这是一个持续的实践。但每次你选择宽恕，你都为生活中的爱和治愈创造了空间)”可知，选项引出后文关于宽恕是持续实践的内容，强调宽恕的持续性。D选项“记住宽恕不是一次性事件”符合语境，故选D。第Ⅱ卷（共57分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。benefit,treat,logic,impress,motivate30.The________performanceoftheathletelefteveryoneamazed.31.Heisabrightstudent,buthejustlacksthe________tolearnnewthings.32.Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedical________theyneed.33.Cyclingi