主题01 人生经历(解析版)-2022届高三名校试题分类精析-预测之主题阅读

PAGE2/22022届高三名校试题分类精析+预测之主题阅读01人生经历序号体裁主题内容概要1记叙文人与自我之个人经历作者为了更好地帮助大街上的流浪人员，决定亲自做一天流浪者，亲身体会一下他们到底需要什么，以便能给他们更好的帮助。2记叙文人与自我之自我认知作者通过自己的经历，讲述了自省化解愤怒，从而更好地认识自我的重要性3记叙文人与自我之奋斗历程文章讲述了科学写作的挑战性，科技作家面临的困难并以自己切实经历为例。4记叙文人与自我之个人经历文章叙述了作者所经历的一次困难的旅行。5夹叙夹议人与自我之认识自我文章中作者通过自己竞选学生会主席，组成顾问小组，认识到了集体智慧的力量是在各种工作中成功的最佳方法。6记叙文人与自我之个人生活文章讲述了作者与黑人网球名将ArthurAshe的一次共乘一车的经历。7记叙文人与自我之个人体验文章讲述了作者17岁时有机会担任小学篮球裁判，作者想要赚钱所以接受了这个机会，以为是一种很有趣的“轻松赚钱”的方式，结果比赛时作者无法应付球场上的困难局面，意识到当裁判是多么困难，没有什么钱是好赚的道理。1（2021·湖南长沙市·长沙一中高三月考）ForquitesometimeIhavehadaninterestinthesituationofthehomeless.Ihavereadaboutit，prayedoverit，andhavedonesmallthingstohelp.ButfeelingthatIcould，andshould，domoretomakeadifference，Iconcludedthatlivingasahomelessman-atleastforaverybriefperiod-wasthebestwaytounderstandwhatit'sliketohavenoplacetocallhome.IdecidedthatSt.VincentdePaulCatholicChurchwouldbemyfirststop.SincethechurchopensitsbasementtohomelesspeopleeveryFridayforahotmeal，St.Vincent'swassymbolicallyaverygoodplacetostartmydayasahomelessman.AfterprayingbeforetheBlessedSacrament，Ihitthesubfreezingstreetswithnomoney.Igotintoalineofmen，womenandchildrenwaitingtobeadmittedintothediningroomwhereafreehotmealisservedeveryday.FromthereIwalkedtoHealthCarefortheHomeless—anorganizationdedicatedtoprovidingfreemedicalcaretopeoplewhohavenopermanentresidence.Insidewereabout75homelesswomenandmenwaitingtobeseenbyanurse.ThereIspokewithanoldermanwhohadseriousfamilyproblemsthatcausedhishomelessness.Next，Istoppedatahotelandfastfoodrestaurantaskingiftheywerehiring.FromthereIwalkedthestreetsofdowntownBaltimoreaskingpeopleforalittleloosechangetobuyacupofcoffee.Ipolitelyapproachedapproximately35people.About30ofthemignoredme，andsaidtheydidn'thaveanymoney，orsimplysaidno.Butfivepeopledidoffermeasmalldonation.IexplainedwhatIwasdoing，andthankfullydeclinedtheirgenerosity.Laterthatnight，asIwalkedbacktomyvehicle，IrealizedthatIwasaricherpersonforhavinglivedonedayasahomelessman.IthoughtaboutthehomelessmenandwomenIencountered，andtheirproblems.1.Whydidtheauthordecidetomakeastartfromthechurch？A.Onlyitofferedthehomelessahotmeal.B.Itimpressedtheauthorinmanyways.C.Ithadaroutineofopeningtothehomeless.D.Manyhomelesspeoplewereallowedtoliveinthebasement.2.WhatdidtheauthordowhilehewasinHealthCarefortheHomeless？A.Hehadawordwithahomelessman.B.Hehelpedanoldermanwithfamilyproblems.C.Heknewitwastoomiserabletohavenomoney.D.Hehadahotmealwithsomewomenandchildren.3.Whatcanweinferfromthefifthparagraph？A.Theauthorworkedafewhoursintherestaurant.B.Peopleshouldhavecaredaboutthehomelessmore.C.Nofoodrestaurantsagreedtohireahomelessman.D.Veryfewpeoplelookeddownuponthehomeless.4.Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydointhefuture？A.Hewouldtreasurewhathehadgotinlife.B.Hewouldspendmoretimewiththehomeless.C.Hewouldfindabetterwaytohelpthehomeless.D.Hewouldfrequentlyinvitethehomelesstohishome.【答案】CABC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者为了更好地帮助大街上的流浪人员，决定亲自做一天流浪者，亲身体会一下他们到底需要什么，以便能给他们更好的帮助。1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“SincethechurchopensitsbasementtohomelesspeopleeveryFridayforahotmeal，St.Vincent'swassymbolicallyaverygoodplacetostartmydayasahomelessman”（由于教堂每周五向无家可归的人开放地下室，让他们吃一顿热饭。St.Vincent's是我作为一个流浪汉开始一天生活的象征）由此推断出作者决定从教堂开始，因为它有一个对无家可归者开放的惯例。故选C。2.细节理解题。由第四段的“ThereIspokewithanoldermanwhohadseriousfamilyproblemsthatcausedhishomelessness”（在那里，我和一位老人交谈，他有严重的家庭问题，导致他无家可归）可知，作者在HealthCarefortheHomeless时与一名无家可归者交谈。故选A。3.推理判断题。由第五段的“Ipolitelyapproachedapproximately35people.About30ofthemignoredme，andsaidtheydidn'thaveanymoney，orsimplysaidno.Butfivepeopledidoffermeasmalldonation”（我礼貌地接近了大约35个人。他们中大约有30人无视我，说他们没有钱，或者干脆说没有。但是有五个人给了我一小笔捐款）可知，在社会上人们对流浪者的关注甚微，因此需要人们更多地关注这个人群。故选B。4.推理判断题。由第一段的“ButfeelingthatIcould，andshould，domoretomakeadifference”（但我觉得我可以，也应该，做更多的事情来改变世界）和最后一段的“Laterthatnight，asIwalkedbacktomyvehicle，IrealizedthatIwasaricherpersonforhavinglivedonedayasahomelessman.IthoughtaboutthehomelessmenandwomenIencountered，andtheirproblems”（那天晚上晚些时候，当我走回我的车时，我意识到我作为一个无家可归的人生活了一天，所以我变得更富有了。我想到了我遇到的无家可归的男人和女人，以及他们的问题）可知，作者将来会找到一个更好的方法来帮助无家可归的人。故选C。2（2021·长沙市·湖南师大附中高三月考）Everyonecanbeangry.Butifyoutakethetimetoactuallyexamineyourangerinsteadofjust“feeling"angry,you'llhaveabetterunderstandingofyourself.Knowingwhyyoufeelsoangrycanprovideyouwithsomesurprisinganswers.Theseanswerscanenableyoutosuddenlygrowspirituallyandmentally.Icangiveyouapersonalexample.IwenttoameetingonceandIwasverbally（口头地）attackedoveranapplicationIsupportedatmyworkplace.Variouspeoplewentonandonabouthowterriblethissystemwasandthatitneverworked.Thatdidn'tbothermethatmuch.Iwasusedtothatbutoneofthecommentsthatwassaidwas,"Yourjobispointless.”Thisreallyupsetmeandatthetime,Iwasabsolutelyfurious（发怒的）withthatcomment.Iwassoangryandupsetthattheywouldtreatmethatway.OnceItookthetimetothinkaboutwhatwasreallymakingmesomad,Ilearnedalot.IrealizedthatthecommentwasmoretruethanIwantedtoadmit.Inthebigschemeofthings,myjobwaspointless.Itwasn'twhatIreallywantedtobedoingwithmylifeandthiswaswhatfrustratedmethemost.HereIwaspouringpartofmyheartandsoulintoajobIdidn'tevenreallywanttodo.Iwasusingitasacrutch（拐杖）becauseIdidn'thavetheconfidenceinmyselftotakethescaryroadtowardswhatIreallywantedtodo.AssoonasIrealizedthat,alotofmyangerjustmeltedaway.IalsorealizedthatIneededtostartfocusingonwhatIreallywantedtodo.Inowconsiderthisincidentasagreatgift.ItgotmebackontracktomovinginthedirectionIwantedtogowithmylife.Iprobablywouldn'tbewhereIamtodayifIhadn'ttakenthetimetofigureoutwhyIwasreallysoangry.5.Whydidtheauthorfeelangryatthemeeting?A.Becausethesystemofthecompanywasterrible.B.Becausesomeonesaidhisworkwasworthless.C.Becausethepolicyofthecompanydidn'twork.D.Becausetheapplicationhesupportedwasofnoeffect.6.Whatbroughtdowntheangeroftheauthor?A.Theapologysomeonemadeatthemeeting.B.Thecrutchheusedtotakethescaryroad.C.Theawarenessofthefactthatthecommentwastrue.D.Thecouragehehadtoovercomethechallenges.7.Whatmadetheauthorconsidertheincidentasagift?A.Itprovidedhimwithconfidenceinthemeeting.B.Ithelpedhimgetpromotedtoahigherposition.C.Ithelpedhimchangehischaractersincethen.D.Itbroughthimbackontracktothegoal.8.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoCopewithVerbalAttackinaCompanyB.AvoidBeingPointlessatWorkC.UnderstandingYourselfBetterThroughAngerD.AngerIsHarmfultoHealth【答案】BCDC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历，讲述了自省化解愤怒，从而更好地认识自我的重要性。只有认识到并改正自己的缺点，才能不断完善自我。5.细节理解题。根据第二段“Iwasusedtothatbutoneofthecommentsthatwassaidwas,‘Yourjobispointless.’Thisreallyupsetmeandatthetime,Iwasabsolutelyfurious（发怒的）withthatcomment.(我已经习惯了，但其中一条评论是，‘你的工作毫无意义。’这真的让我很难过，当时，我对这个评论非常愤怒。)”可知，作者因为别人说他“工作没有意义、没有价值”而感到非常生气，故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“IrealizedthatthecommentwasmoretruethanIwantedtoadmit...alotofmyangerjustmeltedaway.(意识到这条评论比我想承认的更真实……我的怒气一下子就消了。)”可知，作者认识到这个意见是正确的，只是自己不愿意承认罢了。由此判断，作者认识到这一点之后，通过自省，怒气也就消了。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“ItgotmebackontracktomovinginthedirectionIwantedtogowithmylife.(它让我回到正轨，朝着我想要的生活方向前进。)”可知，作者认为这次事件让自己回到了正轨，因此是一个礼物。故选D。8.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者愤怒之后进行自省，发现问题所在，从而取得进步的故事，故“UnderstandingYourselfBetterThroughAnger(通过愤怒更好地理解自己)”能全面概括本文的大意。故选C。3（2021·上海普陀区·曹杨二中高三）Ofallthejournalismspecialties,sciencewritingmaywellbethemostchallenging.Sciencewriterscoverfieldsundergoingsomeofthemostrapidadvancesinhistory,fromstunningadvancesingeneticsandbiotechnologytoexoticdiscoveriesinastrophysics.Asciencewriter’sweekmayincludecoverageofnewdiscoveriesaboutviruses,thebrain,evolution,artificialintelligence,planetsaroundothersuns,andglobalclimatechangeanditsenvironmentalimpact,tonameonlyafewtopics.Writinganythingthat’sanygoodishardwork,butsciencewriterslabortinderaparticular,andratherpeculiar,setofconstraints.Scienceisnew—onlyabout400yearsold,asagoingconcern—andprodigious,havingtransformedourconceptionoftheuniverseandofourplaceinit.Butpreciselybecauseitsimpacthasbeensorapidandsomonumental,sciencehasnotyetbeenabsorbedintoourcommonconsciousness.Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.It’sasifbusinessreportershadtoconstantlyexplainwhatismeantby“turningaprofit”,orsportswritersby“scoringatouchdown”.Unsurprisingly,wesciencewritersareoftenmisunderstood.Peopletendtoassumethatwewritecomputersoftwaremanualsorthosebuckram-boundengineeringtextbooksassignedtostudentsintechnicalstudies.Fellowauthorsdismissusastranslators.Editorsmaythinkusnarrow.Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.WhenIdeclined,hebecameimpatient.“Well,whatdoyouwanttowriteabout?”heasked,throwinguphishands,likeamotoristcutoffintraffic.“Astronomy,”Ireplied.“You’vealreadywrittenaboutastronomy!”“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.”“Aren’tyouafraidofbecomingsomesortofJohnnyOneNote?”“Well,notreally.Youknow,what’soutthereissomethinglikeninety-nine,thenadecimalpoint,thentwenty-eightmoreninespercentofeverything.Coveringnearlyeverythingdoesn’tseemallthatlimiting.Anditleadstolotsofotherthings.”I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall,butonthisoccasionIturnedouttohavebeenright.Astronomydidleadtoeverythingelse.Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.9.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthemaindifficultyfacingsciencewriters?A.Findingnewsciencetopics.B.Meetingthereader’sexpectationsofscience.C.Overcomingthereader'sunfamiliaritywithscience.D.Keepingupwiththerapiddevelopmentsinscience.10.WhydidthewriterrefusetowriteaboutTheBionicMan?A.Hehadnoexpertiseinthetopic.B.Hewasnotpassionateaboutthetopic.C.Hedidnotrealizethepotentialofthetopic.D.Hedidnotwanttowriteaboutthesametopicagain.11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewriterisNOTtrue?A.Hefindsitdifficulttogetrecognitionfromothersasasciencewriter.B.Hefeelsquitecomfortablewiththepreviousargumentshehadwitheditors.C.Akeeninterestinastronomycontributestohisexplorationofotherdisciplines.D.Astronomyhelpshimformaconnectionwithsomegreatmindsintheworld.12.Whichwordbestdescribesthetoneofthelastparagraph?A.indifference B.amusement C.frustration D.satisfaction【答案】CBBD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科学写作的挑战性，科技作家面临的困难并以自己切实经历为例。9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.（读者在阅读印刷版时，已经对犯罪与惩罚、爱与失去、胜利与悲剧有所了解，但未必了解理论和观察在识别病毒或追踪星系间空间曲率方面所起的作用。因此，科学作家必须不断地解释事情，从科学事实的意义到它们被引见的方法，同时抓住读者的注意力，推动故事的发展。）”可知，作者认为，科技作家面临的主要困难是克服读者对科学的不熟悉。故选C。10.推理判断题。根据第三段“Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.(25年前，当我努力摆脱政治和摇滚音乐的写作，转而专注于天文学时，一家主流杂志的编辑强迫我写一篇关于人造身体部位的文章，名为《仿生人》。)”和倒数第四段“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.（是的，但我喜欢它。这是我对生活最初的兴趣。）”可推断，作者热爱天文学而对人造身体部位的文章不感兴趣。故选B。11.细节理解题。根据最后一段“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall（在与编辑的争论中，我常常站在错误的一边，回想起来都不舒服）”可知，作者对之前和编辑们的争论感到很不舒服，所以B选择项表述是错误的。故选B。12.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.（它引导我进入了其他的科学领域，包括物理、化学和生物，也通过许多曲折的途径，进入了诗歌、文学、历史、哲学、艺术、音乐，并与世界上一些最聪明、最有创造力的人进行了交谈。）”可知，作者这次坚定自己的爱好立场给他带来了广阔的视野，是非常正确的决定，从而推断作者对自己的决定感到满意。故选D。4（2021·辉南县第一中学）ThirtyyearsagoIworkedinacompany.Myjobwastosellthecars.IwasyoungandstrongandIhadbeentomostpartsoftheworldandIspentonefifthofmytimeinthetrainsorplanes.IlikedsuchalifeandsometimesIcalledmyself“traveler”.ButonedayIgotintotrouble.Itwasacoldmorning.Itblewheavilyandthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnowoutside.Iwasstillinbedthoughitwasnine.Ifinishedalongjourneythedaybeforeanddecidedtohaveagoodrest.SuddenlythetelephonerangandmymanagertoldmetoflytoNewYorktotakepartinanimportantmeeting.IhadtogetupandafteraquickbreakfastIhurriedtotheairport.ThetaxiwentslowlyandImissedthefirstflight.Ihadtotakethenextone.ItmeantIwouldwaitfornearlyfivehoursinthewaiting-room.Butfivehourslaterapassengersaidtheinformationshowedtherewasabombinourplaneandthepolicemenwerelookingforit.Andanotherfivehourspassedandmostpassengerslosttheirpatiencebeforewewereallowedtogetontheplane.Attheentranceeachpassengerandtheirbaggagehadtobeexamined.Ayoungmanwhoseemedasoldiershoutedatthepolicemenattheentrance,“IfIhadaguninmybaggage,Iwouldshootyoutwohoursago!”13.Thewritercalledhimself“traveler”becausehe________.A.soldcarsforhiscompany B.traveledallovertheworldC.oftentooktrainsandcars D.likedtravelinginmanyplaces14.Hedidn’tgetupuntilthephonerangbecausehe________.A.wantedtohavearestthatday B.feltverycoldoutsideC.wasgoingtohaveameeting D.waswaitingforthemanager’scall15.Thetaxiwentslowlybecause________.A.themanagertoldhimnottohurryB.itwasverycoldthatmorningC.thedriverdidn’tknowhewouldflytoNewYorkD.therewasmuchsnowontheroad16.Theyoungmanbecameangrybecausehe________.A.waitedforalongtimeattheairport B.hadaguninhisbaggageC.wouldn’tbeexamined D.hatedthepolicemenattheentrance【答案】BADA【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者所经历的一次困难的旅行。13.细节理解题。根据第一段“IwasyoungandstrongandIhadbeentomostpartsoftheworldandIspentonefifthofmytimeinthetrainsorplanes.IlikedsuchalifeandsometimesIcalledmyself“traveler”.（我年轻力壮，去过世界上的大部分地方，五分之一的时间都在火车或飞机上度过。我喜欢这样的生活，有时我称自己为“旅行者”。）由此可知，作者自称为“旅行家”，因为他周游了全世界。故选B项。14.细节理解题。根据第二段“Iwasstillinbedthoughitwasnine.Ifinishedalongjourneythedaybeforeanddecidedtohaveagoodrest.”（虽然已经九点了，我还是躺在床上。前一天我完成了一次长途旅行，决定好好休息一下）由此可知，因为那天他想休息一下，所以直到电话响了他才起床。故选A项。15.细节理解题。根据第二段“ButonedayIgotintotrouble.Itwasacoldmorning.Itblewheavilyandthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnowoutside”（但是有一天我遇到了麻烦。那是一个寒冷的早晨。风刮得很大，外面覆盖着厚厚的积雪）由此可知，出租车开得很慢，因为路上有很多雪。故选D项。16.细节理解题。根据第二段“Ihadtotakethenextone.ItmeantIwouldwaitfornearlyfivehoursinthewaiting-room.Butfivehourslaterapassengersaidtheinformationshowedtherewasabombinourplaneandthepolicemenwerelookingforit.Andanotherfivehourspassedandmostpassengerslosttheirpatiencebeforewewereallowedtogetontheplane.”（我必须要下一个。这意味着我要在候机室等将近五个小时。但五小时后，一名乘客说，情报显示我们的飞机上有一枚炸弹，警察正在寻找。又过了五个小时，大多数乘客失去了耐心，我们才被允许登机。）由此可知，这个年轻人因为在机场等了很长时间而生气。故选A项。5（2021·西藏昌都市第一高级中学）Igotthisstrangeideainmyeightgrade:torunforthepresidentofthestudentUnion.Itisnotasurprisingdecisionformostoutgoing,popularpeople.ButIwasneither.InfactItendedtodaydream,readbooksthatwerenotontherequiredlist,andsitatthefarcornerofthecafeteriawiththeonlytwofriendsIhad,DeniseandJanice.However,Claire,myenemy,motivatedmetosignuptorunagainsther.Denisedecidedweshouldformagroupofadvisorstogetmeelected.Wemeteveryday,rightafterschool,reviewingeverystudent.Wetriedtofigureoutwhyourschoolmatesmightwanttovote,intheirowninterestsformeor(morelikely)againstClaire.Wecreatedcascades,atermwelearnedfromDenise’ssister.Inotherwords,welookedforstudentswhoweremostlikelytoinfluenceagroupofotherstudents.Thosearethepeoplethatoneofusapproachedfirst.Mynarrowvictorywasasurprisetomanyincluding,frankly,thethreeofus.That’showIgotmyfirsttasteofthepoweroftheso-calledCollectiveIntelligenceanditturnedouttobethebestmethodofsucceedinginvariouswork.Whenagroupcommitstosupportingeachotherbymeetingregularlyandobeyingthenegotiatedrules,remarkablethingshappen.Wetendtobringtobringthethethebestoutother,asthousandshavelearnedaroundtheworld.Whenindividualsbecometight-knitteams,webecomehappierandhigher-performingwithandforeachother.Itisnevertoolateforustostartourownadvisinggroupofnomorethansevenmembersaroundastrongsweetspotofcommoninterest—whichwillhelpusachievesomethingdifferentandmoremeaningfulovertheyears.17.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthoraccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Shehasalotoffriends. B.Shelovesreading.C.Sheenjoyspublicdebating. D.Sheisveryrealistic.18.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“cascades”inparagraph3?A.Boardsofadvisors B.Committeesofteachers.C.Teamsofimportantschoolmates. D.Groupsofdevotedfriends.19.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorintendstoencouragereadersto_________.A.committosupportingothers B.meetfriendsasregularlyaspossibleC.dosomethingdifferentandmeaningful D.makebestuseofcollectiveintelligence20.Whatcanbeasuitableforthetext?A.ASurePathtoGreatSuccess B.ASecrettoWintheElectionC.CleverWaystoDefeatYourEnemies D.EffectiveMethodsofMakingFriends【答案】BCDA【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章中作者通过自己竞选学生会主席，组成顾问小组，认识到了集体智慧的力量是在各种工作中成功的最佳方法。17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“InfactItendedtodaydream,readbooksthatwerenotontherequiredlist,andsitatthefarcornerofthecafeteriawiththeonlytwofriendsIhad,DeniseandJanice.(事实上，我倾向于做白日梦，读那些不在必读清单上的书，和我仅有的两个朋友丹尼斯和珍妮丝坐在餐厅最远的角落里)”可知，作者喜欢阅读。故选B。18.词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Inotherwords,welookedforstudentswhoweremostlikelytoinfluenceagroupofotherstudents.Thosearethepeoplethatoneofusapproachedfirst.”可知，cascades换句话说是指他们寻找那些最有可能影响一组其他学生的学生。他们是我们中的一个先接触的人。即“重要同学组成的团队”。故画线词意思是“重要同学组成的团队”。故选C。19.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenagroupcommitstosupportingeachotherbymeetingregularlyandobeyingthenegotiatedrules,remarkablethingshappen.Wetendtobringtobringthethebestoutother,asthousandshavelearnedaroundtheworld.Whenindividualsbecometight-knitteams,webecomehappierandhigher-performingwithandforeachother.Itisnevertoolateforustostartourownadvisinggroupofnomorethansevenmembersaroundastrongsweetspotofcommoninterest—whichwillhelpusachievesomethingdifferentandmoremeaningfulovertheyears.(当一个团队承诺通过定期会面和遵守协商好的规则来支持彼此时，了不起的事情就会发生。就像世界上成千上万的人学到的那样，我们倾向于把别人最好的东西带出来。当个体成为紧密结合的团队时，我们会变得更快乐，表现也更出色。对于我们来说，围绕一个共同兴趣的强大甜蜜点，成立一个不超过7名成员的咨询小组永远都不会太晚——这将帮助我们在未来几年实现一些不同的、更有意义的东西)”可推知，作者试图鼓励读者充分利用集体智慧。故选D。20.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“That’showIgotmyfirsttasteofthepoweroftheso-calledCollectiveIntelligenceanditturnedouttobethebestmethodofsucceedinginvariouswork.(这就是我第一次体验到所谓的集体智慧的力量，它被证明是在各种工作中成功的最佳方法)”以及最后一段中“Itisnevertoolateforustostartourownadvisinggroupofnomorethansevenmembersaroundastrongsweetspotofcommoninterest—whichwillhelpusachievesomethingdifferentandmoremeaningfulovertheyears.(对于我们来说，围绕一个共同兴趣的强大甜蜜点，成立一个不超过7名成员的咨询小组永远都不会太晚——这将帮助我们在未来几年实现一些不同的、更有意义的东西)”结合文章中作者通过自己竞选学生会主席，组成顾问小组，认识到了集体智慧的力量是在各种工作中成功的最佳方法。可知，A选项“通往伟大成功的必经之路”最符合文章标题。故选A。6（2021·浙江衢州市·衢州二中）ManyyearsagowhenIfirststartedtoplaytennisIwassocrazyaboutthesportthatItraveledtoallfourofthemajorgrandslams–Wimbledon,theFrenchOpen,theAustralianOpenandtheU.S.OpeninNewYorkCity.IwassoveryimpressedwiththegreatchampionArthurAsheandsoadmiredhim,notonlyasthenumberonetennisplayerintheworldforatimebutjustasmuchforhowdedicatedhewastoimprovingthelivesofeveryone,especiallytheunfortunateoftheworld.Tome,hewasanincredibledoublechampion!Iwillneverforget,aslongasIlive,thatnightwhenthelastmatchattheU.S.OpeninNewYorkfinishedverylate.AsIwalkedoutofthestadiumtocatchacab,Iwassurprisedtoseetherewereonlyafewcabsleftandtonsofpeopleheadingtowardthem.SobeingquiteyoungIsprintedtotrytocatchone.Ibarelymadeittothelasttaxi,butasIopenedthebackdoorandjumpedin,someoneelsewasdoingthesamethingontheotherside.AsbothdoorsslammedshutIlookedovertoseenoneotherthanArthurAsheasmyseatmate!Wequicklyagreedtosharetheridesincewewerebothheadingformid-townManhattan.OntheridethereIpickedhisbrainstogetallthetennisandlifecoachingIcouldpossiblepulloutofhiminthat45minutes’ride.Whatagreatexperiencethathadbeenandwhatagreatmanhewas.Hewassomuchmorethanaworldchampiontennisplayer.Fromayoungagegrowingupinasegregated(种族隔离的)society,hesetabouttohelpchangetheworldbyhelpingpeopleandthusmakingtheworldabetterplaceforallofus.Whenweareyoung,mostofusareprettyself-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjusthelpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittlewiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfyingbutitcanmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryoneformanyyearstocome.21.WhatdidtheauthormeanbysayingArthurAshewasadoublechampion?A.Hewontwochampionshipsasatennisplayer.B.Hehelpedpromotethetennissportintheworld.C.Hehelpedmanypeopleapartfromhisachievementsinsports.D.Hewasasuccessfulpoliticalleaderaswellasatennisplayer.22.Whatdowelearnfromtheride-sharingexperience?A.Theydidn’ttalkmuchduringtheride. B.Theyagreedtodomoreforyoungpeople.C.Theauthorlearnedmanylifelessons. D.ArthurAshegavesomegiftstotheauthor.23.Whatdidtheauthorwanttotellusinthestory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Selflessnessisamarkofanhonorableman.【答案】CCD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与黑人网球名将ArthurAshe的一次共乘一车的经历。21.细节理解题。根据第一段“IwassoveryimpressedwiththegreatchampionArthurAsheandsoadmiredhim,notonlyasthenumberonetennisplayerintheworldforatimebutjustasmuchforhowdedicatedhewastoimprovingthelivesofeveryone,especiallytheunfortunateoftheworld.（伟大的网球冠军阿瑟·阿什给我留下了深刻的印象，我非常钦佩他，不仅因为他曾一度是世界头号网球选手，而且因为他致力于改善每个人的生活，尤其是世界上不幸的人的生活）”可知，ArthurAshe不仅是一位网球冠军，也热心帮助他人，特别是黑人社区，因此对于作者而言，他就是一位“双料冠军”。故选C。22.细节理解题。根据文中“OntheridethereIpickedhisbrainstogetallthetennisandlifecoachingIcouldpossiblepulloutofhiminthat45minutes’ride（在去那里的路上，我向他请教了45分钟的网球和生活指导）”可知，作者从拼车经验中学到了很多人生经验。故选C。23.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，并结合最后一段“Whenweareyoung,mostofusareprettyself-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjusthelpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittlewiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfyingbutitcanmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryoneformanyyearstocome.（当我们年轻的时候，我们大多数人都是以自我为中心的，我们所做的几乎每件事都是为了帮助自己。但是，随着我们年龄和智慧的增长，我们看到帮助他人不仅是非常令人满意的，而且可以让世界在未来的许多年里变得更美好）”可知，文章讲述了世界冠军阿瑟·阿什的乐于助人的优良品质，这篇文章的主题就是凸显ArthurAshe伟大的人格。所以作者通过这个故事要告诉我们“Selflessnessisamarkofanhonorableman.(无私是高尚人的标志)”这样的道理。故选D。7（2021·夏津第一中学）Beingseventeenwithoutmoneycanbedepressing.Whentheopportunityarrivestoearnsomeneededcash,itwouldbefoolishtopassitup.Itisforthisreasonthatwhentheopportunitytorefereeelementarybasketballcamemyway,Ijumpedatthechance.Ithoughtitwouldbeafunwaytoearnsome“easymoney”.DuringtheyearsIplayedonthecourtandwatchedthegames,Ioftenfoundmyselfcriticizingthereferees.IwascompletelyconvincedthatIcoulddoamuchbetterjobbecauseofmyloveforbasketballandmyfamiliarityofthegame.Howdifficultcoulditbe,especiallywithabunchofthirdgraders?Ilookedforwardtomyfirstnightasareferee,butallofmyfantasiesworeofffromthebeginningofthegame.Thesesweetandinnocentthirdgradeboysimmediatelytransformedintohorriblecreaturesrightbeforeme.NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIeverimaginetheextentofcompetitivenessinthegame.Abattlewasinprogressonthecourtwhiletheinhumanebystanderscheeredandyelledfromthestands.Myonlycompanion,thewhistle,sufferedfromaseverecaseofstagefear,fillingmyheadwithdoubteverytimeIwishedtoblowit.Mylackofactionfueledtheheartlesscrowd.Evenontherareoccasionswhenmywhistlegainedenoughcouragetopausethefighting,thep