衔接点10 特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接）（解析版）新七年级英语小升初衔接专项培优讲义（人教版）

衔接点10特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接）小学要求主要学习疑问句、感叹句、Therebe句型初中要求陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；5、由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。【小学特殊句式考点聚焦】感叹句1.选词填空WhatHowWhataWhatan(1)nicetheskirtis! (2)hotitistoday!(3)bighorsestheyare! (4)interestingbookitis!(5)cleverboyheis! (6)clevertheboyis!(7)hardJackworks! (8)fastPeterruns!(9)finedayitis! (10)nicepicturestheyare!1.(1)How(2)How(3)What(4)Whatan(5)Whata(6)How(7)How(8)How(9)Whata(10)What疑问句在下面的横线上填上恰当的疑问词。howlongwherehowmanywhenhowtallwhichwhywhosehowmuchwhohowfarwhathowoldhowhowheavy(1)-istheweatherliketoday?-It'ssunny.(2)-penisit?-It'sMary's.(3)-doesLucycometoschool?-Shecomestoschoolbycar.(4)-isyourjacket?-It's100yuan.(5)-isLucyfrom?-She'sfromAustralia.(6)-areyou?-I'melevenyearsold.(7)-areyou?-I'm155cm.(8)-areyou?-I'm60kg.(9)-boysarethereinyourclass?-Therearetwelve.(10)boyisyourbrother?-Theoneinaredcap.(11)-isyourmathsteacher?-MrChenismymathsteacher.(12)-isit?-It'sabout50kilometres.(13)didyoustayinAmerica?-Fortwoweeks.(14)doesyourfathergotowork?-At8:30a.m.(15)-doyoulikewinter?-BecauseIcanskate.(1)What(2)Whose(3)How(4)Howmuch(5)Where(6)Howold(7)Howtall(8)Howheavy(9)Howmany(10)Which(11)Who(12)Howfar(13)Howlong(14)When(15)WhyTherebe句型1.选择正确的词填空。(16分)(1)There(is/are)sevendaysinaweek.(2)There(is/are)somemilkinthefridge.(3)There(is/isn't)anymoneyinhispocket.(4)There(is/was)abridgethreeyearsago.(5)(Is/Are)thereanyapplesonthetable?(6)There(is/are)aChinesebookandthreemathsbooksinmybag.(7)There(are/aren't)anysheepatthisfarm.(8)There(is/are)somebreadforyou.(1)are(2)is(3)isn't(4)was(5)Are(6)is(7)aren't(8)is【初中特殊句式考点聚焦】考点清单简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。一、陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。陈述句的肯定式：Heisamiddleschoolstudent.（他是个中学生）Ihaveahammerinmyhand.（我手上有把锤子）Sheteachesusgeography.（她教我们地理）Thenewplaywasgoodenoughandeverybodyenjoyedit.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢）陈述句的否定式：1.谓语动词如果是be、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：Mybrotherisnotateacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）Hedoesnothaveacousin.（他没有堂兄弟）Iwillnotgotheretomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）Youmustnotmakesuchmistakesagain.（你不该再犯类似错误了）2.谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加donot(don’t).如：Idon’tknowanythingaboutit.(此事我一无所知)LiMingdoesnotfeedpigsinthecountryside.（李明不在农村养猪）Wedidn’texpecttomeetherrighthere.（我们没指望着在这里见到她）Wedidn’thaveameetingyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)[注意]1.句子中如果有all、both、verymuch/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…atall等；如：Allofthemwentthere.→Noneofthemwentthere.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里）2.句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时,则视为否定句。如：Fewpeoplelivetherebecauselifethereisveryhard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）二、疑问句一般疑问句：用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Isheanengineer?（他是工程师吗？）Haveyougottoday’snewspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）Shallwegotoseeafilmthisevening?（我们今晚去看电影好吗？）Canyouexplainit?（你能解释它吗？）Isthereanyfishforsupper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?（你想出去散步吗？）谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do/does/did,原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：Doyougetupatsixeverymorning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）Doesshestudyhard?（她学习努力吗？）Didyougothereyesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）2.一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）—Yes,wewill.（是的我们会。）/—No,wewon’t.（不我们不会。）3.一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be,have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如：Willhenotcome?（他难道不来吗？）Isn’tyoursisteraPartymember?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如：Can’theanswerthequestion?(他不能回答这个问题吗？)—Yes,hecan.(不,他能回答这个问题。)—No,hecan’t.(是的,他不能回答这个问题。)特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句结构是：疑问代词+一般疑问句+？除who以外的疑问代词短语疑问副词如：Whatdoyouwant?（你要什么？）Who(m)areyoulookingfor?（你在找谁？）Whichclassareyouin?（你在哪班？）Whendidyougetupthismorning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）Wherehaveyoubeen?（你到哪儿去了？）Whydidhegotobedsoearly?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）Howdidyougothere?（你是怎么去的那儿？）但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如：Whoisdancingoverthere?（谁在那边跳舞？）有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：Whatisonthewall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）Whichisyours?（哪个是你的？）Whosebookisinyourbag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词疑问代词疑问副词what,who(whom,whose),whichwhen,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much)疑问词提问对象What（什么）对主语，谓语、表语、宾语提问Whatmakesyousoworried?Whatareyoudoing?Whatisthis?Whatcanyousee?Theexammakesmesoworried.IamwatchingTV.Thisisaruler.Icanseeadog.Who（谁）对主语提问Whoisourmonitor?Tomisourmonitor.Which（哪个）对定语提问Whichskirtdoyouprefer?Iprefertheredone.When（什么时候）对时间提问Whendoyougetupeveryday?Igetupat6o’clock.Where（哪里）对地点提问Wherearethey?Theyareathome.Why（为什么）对原因提问Whydidn’tyoufinishyourjobintime?Whydoyoustudysohard?BecauseIwasverytired.Topasstheexam.How（怎样）对表示方式、程度的词提问Howdoyougotoschool？Howisyourschoolday?Igotoschoolbycar./by+doing.It’sgood.Howold（多大）对年龄提问Howoldisyourson?Heistwoyearsold.Howmany（多少）对数量提问，后接可数名词复数Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?Therearethreeteachersinmyschool.Howmuch（多少）对数量提问后接不可数名词/对钱提问Howmuchwaterinthebottle?Howmucharethesocks?Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.Thesocksareseverdollars.Howlong（多长时间）对时间段提问Howlongdoesittaketogotoschool?Ittakesme2hourstogotoschool.Howoften（多久）对频率提问Howoftendoyoudoexercise?Idoexerciseonceaweek.Howfar(多远)对距离提问Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Itis3kmfrommyhometoschool.Howsoon(多久后)对将来时间提问Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?Iwillfinishmyworkinanhour.选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。1)构成：(1)一般疑问句+or+第二选项？(2)特殊疑问句+第一选项(+第二选项)+or+第三选项？2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes/no回答。如：Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?–Agirl.(----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。)Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?–Tea,please.(---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。)Whichdoyoulikebest,singing,dancingorskating?--Dancing,ofcourse.(----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！)1.isyourhometown?Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.

A.What B.Which C.When D.Where答案D考查特殊疑问词。由“Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.”可知，此处应是问你的家乡在哪里，应用where提问。故选D。2.—haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?

—Forthreeyears.A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howfar答案A考查特殊疑问词组。答语“Forthreeyears.”为时间段，对时间段提问应用howlong。故选A。3.—doyouplayvolleyball，Amy?

—Threedaysaweek.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howoften D.Howmuch答案C考查特殊疑问词组。howlong对时间或长度提问;howsoon多久以后;howoften多久一次;howmuch多少。根据回答可知此句询问频率。故选C。4.—didtheonlineconcertbegin?

—Youdidn’tmissanything.Ithasjustbegun.A.When B.Where C.What D.Why答案A考查特殊疑问词。由答语“Ithasjustbegun.”可知，此处是问网上音乐会什么时候开始的，故选A。5.—isChina’sTiangongspacestationfromus?

—About400kilometersabovetheearth.A.Howmuch B.Howoften C.Howfar D.Howlong答案C考查特殊疑问词组。根据答语可知问句问的是“有多远”。howfar多远，故选C。6.—IlovethisT⁃shirt.doesitcost?

—50yuan.Whynottryiton?A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howold D.Howmuch答案D考查特殊疑问词组。根据问句中的“cost”和答语中的“50yuan.”可知，设空处询问价格，故选D。7.—willyouleaveforcamping?

—Thisweekend.Everythingisreadyforthepicnic.A.When B.Where C.How D.Why答案A考查特殊疑问词。根据答句中的“Thisweekend.”可知，此处是询问时间，应用when。故选A。8.—canyouskiprope，Linda?

—Over200timesinaminute.A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howfast D.Howlong答案C考查特殊疑问词组。howsoon多久以后，提问将来的时间;howfar多远，提问距离;howfast多快，提问速度;howlong多长，多久，提问时间或长度。根据答语“Over200timesinaminute.”可知，问的是跳绳能跳多快。故选C。三、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。祈使句的肯定式：动词(原形)+其他如：Pleasegivemeahand.(请帮忙)/Shutup!(住嘴！)祈使句的否定式：Don’t+动词原形+其他如：Pleasedon’ttalkinlowvoices.(请不要低声讲话。)Don’tlookback!(不要掉头看。)[注意]以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’snottroublehim.(我们不要打扰他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Pleasedohelpme!(请千万帮帮我。)1.fasttoyourdreams，forifdreamsdie，lifeislikeabroken⁃wingedbirdthatcanneverfly.

A.Hold B.Tohold C.Held D.Holding答案A考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。2.—Cindy，outtherubbishwhenyouleave.AndI’lldothedishes.

—OK，Dad.A.take B.takes C.took D.totake答案A考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。3.—Yourroomisinaterriblemess，Tom.yourbookshereandtherenexttime.

—OK，.I’llputthemawayinfiveminutes，Mum.

A.Don’tleave;Iwon’t B.Won’tleave;IwillC.Don’tleave;Iwill D.Won’tleave;Iwon’t答案A考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的nexttime，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为Iwill;否定祈使句的应答语为Iwon’t。故选A。4.MrLee，(notmix)yourlifeandworktogether.

答案don’tmix句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’tmix。5.(make)suretherearenomistakesinyourpaperandyoucanhanditin.

答案Make考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，makesure“确保”。故填Make。四、感叹句感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：What+(a/an)+(形容词)+名词+陈述句结构(主谓语),用来强调句子中的名词,如：Whatagood,kindgirl(sheis)!(她是多么善良的好女孩！)/Whatbadweather(itis)!(天气真糟糕！)仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How+形容词/副词+陈述句结构(主谓语),用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。如：Howcarefullytheoldmanwalks!(这老人走路真小心！)Howdeliciousthefoodis!(这食品真好吃！)`Howbeautiful!(真美呀！)Howbeautifulthegirlis!=Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!1.clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.

A.What B.Howa C.How D.Whata答案D考查感叹句。本句感叹的中心词是girl，应该用what引导感叹句，girl为可数名词单数，clever以辅音音素开头，应该使用不定冠词a，故选D。2.greatscientistYuanLongpingis!Hespentallhislifeontheresearchofrice.

A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa答案B考查感叹句。本句感叹的中心词是scientist，scientist是可数名词，此处应用Whata来修饰名词短语greatscientist。故选B。3.niceitistodrinkacupofcoffeeafterlonghours’work!

A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa答案C考查感叹句。本句是感叹句，其中心词为形容词nice，用How引导，故选C。4.—greatsurprisetoseeyouhere，Daniel!

—Yeah.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforquitealongtime.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How答案A考查感叹句。本句为感叹句，其中心词surprise为可数名词单数形式，且great以辅音音素开头，所以用“What+a+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!”，故选A。6.—doyouadmireYuanLongpingfor?

—Hedevotedallhislifetotheresearchanddevelopmentofbetterriceplants.A.Why B.What C.How D.Where答案B考查特殊疑问词。“What...for?”是固定结构，表示“为什么……?”。故选B。7.Itisreallyapleasanttimetohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday.(改为感叹句)pleasanttimeitistohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday!

答案Whata考查感叹句。time是名词，被形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a/an，指“一段……的时光”。本句感叹的中心词为time，前面的形容词pleasant以辅音音素开头，所以用What加不定冠词a来填空。设空位于句首，需大写首字母。故填Whata。8.Dadusuallymakesbadplansbutthistimehegotitright,finally.asurprise!

答案What此处为感叹句,空后的surprise在这里为名词,表示“意想不到的事情”,应用what开头的感叹句,故填What。9.Iwasredintheface.IwishedIcoulddisappear!

答案How句意:我脸红了。我多么希望我能消失!此处为How开头的感叹句。故填How。10.thankfulIwastomyfriendJohn!

答案How句意:我多么感谢我的朋友John啊!根据空后的thankfulIwas和句尾的叹号可知,该句是“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”的感叹句句式,故填How。一．情景对话请通读下面的对话,根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。A(JohnandhisfriendKatearetalkingonthephone.J=John,K=Kate)J:Hello?K:Hi,John!1Youweren'tatthepartylastSunday.

J:I'monvacationrightnow.K:Great!2

J:I'mafraidnot.It'sanunusualbeach.Inmyopinion,thefewerpeople,thebetter.K:3

J:That'strue.Thesunisshiningbrightlyandtheseaissobeautiful.K:4

J:Nothingmuch.Ijustreadandresteveryday.Infact,Iwasasleepbeforeyourcall.K:Oh,I'msorry.5

J:Thanks.Seeyounextweek.A.Whereareyou?B.Thatsoundsnice.C.IsitaplaceIknow?D.Haveagreatvacation.E.Manypeopleareattheparty?F.Didyoudoanythingspecialthere?答案1.A由下句“Youweren'tatthepartylastSunday.”及回答“I'monvacationrightnow.”可知本空询问John去哪儿了。故选A。2.C由下文“恐怕不,这是个不寻常的海滩。”可知,此处是Kate在问那个地方她知不知道。故选C。3.B由上句“Inmyopinion,thefewerpeople,thebetter.”可知,下句应是对此观点的评价。故选B。4.F由下文“Nothingmuch.Ijustreadandresteveryday.”可知,本空询问John在那儿做了什么特别的事。故选F。5.D由下文“Thanks.Seeyounextweek.”可知,对话要结束了,此处内容应该是祝John度假愉快。故选D。BMan:Goodmorning,welcometotheArtSchool.Woman:Thanks.I'dliketojoinoneofyoureveningartcourses.Man:OK.1

Woman:Chinesepaintingcourse.IlikeChinesepainting.2

Man:Yes,itis.Verybeautiful.Nowlet'sfillinthisform.3

Woman:LucyGreen.Man:Whichcountryareyoufrom?Woman:Well,4ButactuallyI'mAmerican.

Man:Isee.Nextquestion.Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?Woman:5

Man:Thanks.Now,I'llgiveyousomeinformation.A.It'ssobeautiful.B.Whichcourse?C.IworkhereinEngland.D.What'syourname,please?E.Yes,it's58CharnwoodRoad.F.HowdoyouknowaboutChinesepainting?答案1.B由下文的“Chinesepaintingcourse.”可知,此处是问哪个课程,故选B。2.A由下文的“Yes,itis.Verybeautiful.”可知,此处应是称赞中国绘画漂亮,故选A。3.D由下文的“LucyGreen.”可知,此处是问女士的名字。故选D。4.C由上文的“你来自哪个国家?”及下文的“但实际上我是美国人。”可知,设空处应提到一个国家,而且这个国家不是美国。C选项“我在英国工作。”符合语境。故选C。5.E由上文的“whereyoulive”可知,设空处应该涉及一个住址。故选E。二.短文填空Oneday,Iwantedmyfathertogetsomefruitforme.SoIsaidtomyfather,“Dad,1.here!”Whenmydadheardme,hecameoverrightaway.However,mymomsaidtome,“2.sayitthatway.Sayitmorepolitely.”

“Ididn'twantto,”Ireplied.“Ifyoudon'tsayitpolitely,then3.watchingTVfromnowon!”mymomsaidangrily.

4.sadIwaswhenIheardthis!Thenmymomsaid,“5.youwantotherstobepolitetoyou?Ifso,youshouldbepolitetootherstoo.”

Indeed,weshouldbepolite,oritmightmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是家庭成员之间的故事。故事告诉我们,即使是家庭成员之间也要有礼貌,否则会让别人不舒服。1.come考查祈使句。肯定的祈使句以动词原形开头。根据下一句“Whenmydadheardme,hecameoverrightaway.”可知,“我”是让父亲过来,故填come。2.Don't考查祈使句。根据后一句“Sayitmorepolitely.”可知,妈妈觉得“我”说话不礼貌,所以让“我”不要那样说。所以此句为否定的祈使句,置于句首首字母需大写,故填Don't。3.stop考查祈使句。根据上下文可知,如果“我”说话不礼貌,妈妈会禁止“我”看电视。故填stop。4.How考查感叹句。根据感叹句的基本结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!”可知,本空应填How。置于句首首字母需大写。5.Do考查一般疑问句。根据本句句尾“?”和下句开头的Ifso可知,本句为一般疑问句,助动词应提前。根据语境可知,本句为一般现在时,且谓语部分有实义动词want,故助动词为do,置于句首首字母需大写。故填Do。三.方框选词填空askbedon’thelphowlongmakeneedwaitPre⁃examstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Sohere1sometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.

BeorganizedandstartearlyThebestwaytodealwithexamstressistohaveagoodstudyplan.Decidehowmuchtimetospendoneachsubject.Anddon’t2untilthelastminutetostudyeverything.

Don’tbeafraidtoaskWhenwedon’tunderstandsomething，wefeelstressed.It’snormal.Butdon’tworryaboutit，dosomethingaboutit!3yourteacherforhelp.Allteacherswanttheirstudentstodowellinexams.

Healthybody，healthybrainYourbody4exerciseforyourbraintoworkbetter.Sodon’tstudyallthetime.Itcanjust5youmorestressed.Dosomesport，gotothegymorjustgoforawalk.Justgetupandmove!

EatandsleepwellIt’simportantforyourbraintorest.6doyouneedtosleepeverynight?Atleasteighthours.Eatahealthydietandavoiddrinkswithcaffeinethatcanstopyoufromsleepingwell.

7keepyourstresstoyourself

Finally，ifyouhavefollowedallthisadviceandyoustillfeelstressed，thendon’tkeepitasecret.Talktosomeone，yourmumoryourdad，afriendorateacherandtellthemhowyoufeel.Weallneed8sometimes.

1.2.3.

4.5.6.

7.8.

1.are本句为存现句的另外一种形式hereis/are...，表示“这里有……”，be动词应与空后的名词tips保持数的一致。故填are。2.wait此处为否定的祈使句，结构为“don’t+动词原形+其他”，根据上文可推测，此处句意为“不要等到最后一分钟才学习所有内容”。故填wait。3.Ask此处为祈使句。asksb.forhelp向某人求助。故填Ask。注意句首单词首字母大写。4.needs空处是谓语动词。根据下文可知要多运动，因此此处指你的身体需要运动”，主语为Yourbody，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填needs。5.make此处指一直学习只会使你压力更大，结合方框中所给词可知选make，空前有情态动词can，故填make。6.Howlong根据下一句“Atleasteighthours.”可知问句问的是多长时间，故填Howlong。注意句首单词首字母大写。7.Don’t根据下面的语境可知此处为否定的祈使句，故填Don’t。注意句首单词首字母大写。8.help此处need是及物动词，空处作宾语，故填名词。结合语境及方框中所给词可知选help，此处意为“有时候我们都需要帮助”。故填help。一Manfirstlanded(着陆）onthemoonin1969.Butdidyouknowthatmanwasnotthefirsttotravelaroundthemoon?OnSeptember14,1968,theSovietSpaceProgramsenttwotortoises(乌龟)intospaceforatriparoundthemoon.Afteraweek-longtrip,thetortoiseslandedintheIndianOcean.TheytraveledbacktoMoscow(莫斯科）onOctober7.Boththetortoisesstilllivedafterthetrip.Theylostabout10%oftheirbodyweight(体重），buttheywerestillhealthy.Theyweredissected(解剖)onOctober11,1968.Scientistswantedtoseehowtheirbodieschangedafterthespacetravel.Theyfoundthat"Eatingnofoodmadethetortoisesthinner.butnotthespacetravel”.Itshowedthattheanimalscouldliveaftertravelingaroundthemoon.Butthisdidnotmeanthatmancoulddothesame.Thetwotortoiseswerethefirsttotravelaroundthemoonsuccessfully.Before1968otheranimalswerealsosenttotravelinspace.butmanyofthemcouldn'tlivetotravelbacktotheearth.1.Howlongdidthetwotortoisestravelinspace?2.Whywerethetwotortoisesdissected?3.Whatmadethetwotortoiseslosetheirbodyweight?4.Whendidthetwotortoisescomeback?5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?译文人类于1969年首次登上月球，但是你知道吗?人类并不是第一个进行探月旅行的。1968年9月14日，苏联太空计划将两只乌龟送入太空进行探月旅行。经过为期一周的太空旅行，这两只乌龟降落在印度洋上。它们在10月7日回到了莫斯科。这两只乌龟在旅行后仍然活着。它们的体重减轻了大约10%，但它们仍然健康。它们在1968年10月11日被解剖了。科学家们想观察太空旅行后它们身体的变化。他们发现，“让乌龟变瘦的原因是没有进食而不是太空旅行”。这表明动物可以在探月旅行之后存活下去。但这并不意味着人类也能做到这一点。这两只乌龟是首批成功探月旅行的。在1968年之前，其他动物也被送往太空旅行，但它们中的许多无法活到返回地球。答案详析1.Sevendays./aweek。根据第二段中的“Afteraweek-longtrip,thetortoiseslandedintheIndianOcean.”可知，经过为期一周的太空旅行，两只乌龟降落在印度洋上，即它们在太空中旅行了七天。2.Becausethescientistswantedtowatchhowtheirbodieschanged.根据第三段中的“Theyweredissected...seehowtheirbodieschangedafterthespacetravel.”可知，两只乌龟被解剖是因为科学家们想观察太空旅行后它们身体的变化。3.Nofood。根据第三段中的“Eatingnofoodmadethetortoisesthinner”可知，两只乌龟是因缺乏食物而体重下降的。4.onOctober7,1968.根据第二段中的“TheytraveledbacktoMoscow(莫斯科）onOctober7..”可知他们10月7号返回了莫斯科。5.Animalstraveledinspace。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两只乌龟被送入太空，进行太空旅行的事情。故C项“动物在太空中旅行”最适合作本文标题。二Acolorfulbalcony(阳台)withfreshvegetablesandfruitshasturnedintoacommonsightthisyear.Shanghai,Beijing,andDongguanareamongthetopfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers,whoaremainlyintheir20sand30s.Coriander,chives,chilipeppersandtomatoesarethemostpopularchoices.Inthefirstthreemonthsthisyear,salesofvegetableseedsonlinedoubled.LuZhipeng,whoheadsTmall’sflowerdepartment,saidbalconygardeningisnowworth(值)tensofbillionsofyuan.Infact,growingvegetablesinbalconygardensismorethanjustanachievement.Itisbecomingalifestyle.ZhangMin,atwenty-year-oldgirl,onlyspentalittlemoneyonseedpackages,soilandflowerpotstobuilda“farm”onher6-square-meterbalcony.“Ifeellikeyoungpeoplegrowingvegetablesonbalconiesisaspopularassquaredancingisforourparents.”Zhangsaid.ShehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalconygardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden,andsheaddsthemtoherdisheswhencooking.Forteenagers,balconygardeningisawaytoenjoynature.Especiallywhentheylivefarawayfromrealfields.Andbytakingcareofvegetables,theylearntorespectlives.1.Whatdopeopledoontheirbalconyaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theygrowvegetablesandfruits. B.Theysellvegetableseeds.C.Theydosomereading. D.Theyplantflowers.2.WhatdoesZhangMinthinkofbalconygardening?A.Popular. B.Expensive. C.Meaningless. D.Educational.3.WhatdoesZhangMinliketogrowonherbalcony?A.Coriander,chivesandtomatoes. B.Chillipepper,tomatoesandchives.C.Chillipepper,chivesandcoriander. D.Tomatoes,redpepperandcoriander.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harvested”mean?A.Sold. B.Bought. C.Collected. D.Watered.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Popularvegetableseeds.B.Balconygardeningforchildren.C.Topfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers.D.Anewlifestyle—balconygardening.【答案】1.A2.A3.D4.C5.D【解析】本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。1.细节理解题。根据“Acolorfulbalcony(阳台)withfreshvegetablesandfruitshasturnedintoacommonsightthisyear.”可知，他们种植蔬菜和水果。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据“Ifeellikeyoungpeoplegrowingvegetablesonbalconiesisaspopularassquaredancingisforourparents.”可知，她认为阳台园艺很受欢迎。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据“ShehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalconygardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden”可知，她喜欢种西红柿、红辣椒和香菜。故选D。4.词句猜测题。根据“ShehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalconygardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden,andsheaddsthemtoherdisheswhencooking.”可知，她在北京的阳台花园已经收获了三次小西红柿。红辣椒和香菜是她菜园里的常客，她做菜的时候会把它们加到菜里。此处harvested表示“收获”，与Collected意思相近，故选C。5.最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。故选D。三①InDecember2021,peopleinShenzhenfoundthatwaterranmoreslowlyfromtheirtaps.Thegovernment(政府)saidthecitywasfacingitsmostseriouswatershortageever.②SomeothercitiesinthesouthernpartofChina,likeChengduandGuangzhou,arealsobecoming“thirsty”,thePaperreported.Compared(相比)withnorthernareas,southernareashavemorerainandareclosetomoreriversandlakes.Sowhyaretheystillshortonwater?③InbigcitieslikeShenzhenandGuangzhou,populationsaregrowingfast.Asaresult,peopleandfactoriesneedmoreandmorewater.EachpersoninShenzhenhasaboutonly200cubicmetersofwatereachyear.It’s1/12ofthecountry’saverage(平均水平).AccordingtotheUnitedNations,itisan“absolute(绝对的)watershortage"whenthenumberisbelow500cubicmeters.④Climatechangeismakingthewaterproblemworse.Forexample,mostcitiesinGuangdongdependon(依赖于)theDongjiangRiverastheirmainsource(来源)ofwater.In2021,theriverwasreportedtobedryingup.Becauseofclimatechange,there’salsolesssnowinthemountainsofTibet.Thesnowhaslongbeenthesourceofwaterfor