2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级试卷：量子计算在科研领域的应用英语试题

2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级试卷：量子计算在科研领域的应用英语试题考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、单项选择（本部分共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）要求：从每小题的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Therapiddevelopmentofquantumcomputinghas______scientistsandresearcherstoexplorenewpossibilitiesinvariousfields.A)encouragedB)challengedC)surprisedD)disappointed2.Quantumcomputersusequbitsinsteadofclassicalbits,which______theirabilitytoperformcomplexcalculationsatunprecedentedspeeds.A)enhancesB)limitsC)slowsdownD)replaces3.Oneofthemajor______ofquantumcomputingisitspotentialtosolveoptimizationproblemsthatarecurrentlyintractableforclassicalcomputers.A)benefitsB)drawbacksC)mysteriesD)risks4.In2023,GoogleQuantumAI______aquantumsupremacyexperiment,demonstratingthatitsquantumcomputercouldsolveaspecificproblemin200secondsthatwouldtakethemostadvancedclassicalsupercomputer10,000years.A)conductedB)failedC)delayedD)abandoned5.Quantumentanglement,aphenomenonwheretwoqubitsremainconnectedregardlessofthedistancebetweenthem,______thefoundationofmanyquantumalgorithms.A)breaksB)supportsC)contradictsD)ignores6.ResearchersatIBMhave______aquantumcomputerwith127qubits,whichisconsideredasignificantsteptowardpracticalquantumapplications.A)developedB)criticizedC)dismissedD)doubted7.Thefieldofquantumcomputingishighlyinterdisciplinary,requiringknowledgefromphysics,computerscience,andmathematics.A)simpleB)narrowC)complexD)isolated8.Quantumcryptographyaimstocreatecommunicationsystemsthataretheoreticallyunbreakable,leveragingtheprinciplesofquantummechanics.A)secureB)unreliableC)slowD)inefficient9.Amajor______inquantumcomputingistheissueofqubitdecoherence,whichcandisruptquantumcomputations.A)breakthroughB)challengeC)discoveryD)advantage10.Quantummachinelearningcombinesquantumcomputingwithmachinelearningalgorithmsto______computationalefficiencyandaccuracy.A)improveB)reduceC)eliminateD)maintain11.TheoreticalphysicistRichardFeynmanonce______that"Ifyouthinkyouunderstandquantummechanics,youdon'tunderstandquantummechanics,"highlightingitscomplexity.A)admittedB)deniedC)explainedD)questioned12.Quantumsimulationallowsresearcherstomodelquantumsystemsthataretoocomplextostudyexperimentally,providinginsightsintomaterialsscienceandchemistry.A)enablesB)disablesC)excludesD)ignores13.Quantumerrorcorrectionisacriticaltechnologythathelps______qubitsfromerrorswithoutcollapsingthequantumstate.A)protectB)destroyC)ignoreD)replace14.Thetransitionfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalquantumcomputingapplicationsrequiressignificantadvancementsinhardwareandsoftware.A)smoothB)gradualC)suddenD)difficult15.Quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizefieldssuchasdrugdiscoveryby______complexmolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.A)simulatingB)ignoringC)avoidingD)measuring16.Microsoft'sQuantumDevelopmentKit(QDK)______developerstoexperimentwithquantumalgorithmsandapplications.A)encouragesB)discouragesC)allowsD)prevents17.Theconceptofquantumsupremacyreferstothepointwherequantumcomputerscanperformtasksthatclassicalcomputerscannot.A)efficiencyB)capabilityC)speedD)complexity18.Quantumcomputingcanhelpoptimizesupplychainsbysolvingcomplexlogisticsproblemsmoreefficientlythanclassicalmethods.A)improveB)complicateC)delayD)ignore19.Theintegrationofquantumcomputingwithartificialintelligencecouldleadto______advancementsinmachinelearninganddataanalysis.A)rapidB)slowC)minimalD)negligible20.Quantumcomputingisstillinitsearlystages,withmany______andchallengestoovercomebeforewidespreadadoption.A)breakthroughsB)discoveriesC)obstaclesD)successes二、完形填空（本部分共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）要求：阅读下面的短文，文中有20处空白，每处空白有四个选项。根据短文内容，从四个选项中为每处空白选择一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastyear,ateamofresearchersatStanfordUniversity______(21)agroundbreakingexperimentthatdemonstratedthepotentialofquantumcomputinginclimatescience.Theexperiment______(22)aquantumcomputertomodeltheEarth'satmospherewithunprecedentedaccuracy,providingnewinsightsintoclimatechange.This______(23)asignificantmilestoneinthefield,asitshowedhowquantumcomputingcould______(24)complexenvironmentalsystemsmoreefficientlythanclassicalcomputers.TheresearchersusedaquantumalgorithmcalledVariationalQuantumEigensolver(VQE)to______(25)theinteractionsbetweenatmosphericparticlesandsolarradiation.Theresultswere______(26),revealingpatternsthatwerepreviouslydifficulttodetectwithtraditionalmethods.Thisbreakthrough______(27)thewayweapproachclimatemodeling,asitallowsformoredetailedandaccuratepredictions.However,thejourneytothispoint______(28)notbeeneasy.Quantumcomputingisstillinitsinfancy,and______(29)manychallengesremain,includingqubitstabilityanderrorcorrection.Despitethese______(30),thepotentialbenefitsofquantumcomputinginaddressingclimatechangeareimmense.ProfessorEmilyCarter,wholedthestudy,______(31)that"QuantumcomputinghasthepowertotransformourunderstandingoftheEarth'sclimate,andthisisjustthebeginning."Herteamisnowworkingonexpandingthescopeoftheirresearchtoincludeotherenvironmentalsystems,suchasoceancurrentsandecosystems.Thesuccessofthisproject______(32)theimportanceofinterdisciplinarycollaboration,asitinvolvedscientistsfromvariousfields,includingphysics,computerscience,andenvironmentalscience.This______(33)aneweraofresearch,wherequantumcomputingwillplayacentralroleinsolvingsomeoftheworld'smostpressingchallenges.Aswelookahead,it's______(34)thatquantumcomputingwillcontinuetoevolveandunlocknewpossibilities.The______(35)isclear:quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizeourapproachtoclimatescienceandbeyond.21.A)conductedB)discoveredC)improvedD)developed22.A)applyingB)usingC)testingD)measuring23.A)representsB)indicatesC)suggestsD)reveals24.A)simulateB)analyzeC)solveD)understand25.A)calculateB)observeC)modelD)predict26.A)surprisingB)disappointingC)confusingD)irrelevant27.A)changesB)altersC)revolutionizesD)maintains28.A)hasbeenB)hadbeenC)willbeD)wouldbe29.A)stillB)yetC)alreadyD)ever30.A)obstaclesB)advancementsC)discoveriesD)successes31.A)notesB)mentionsC)emphasizesD)ignores32.A)highlightsB)demonstratesC)suggestsD)concludes33.A)marksB)definesC)indicatesD)proves34.A)certainB)possibleC)likelyD)uncertain35.A)futureB)goalC)challengeD)promise三、阅读理解（本部分共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）要求：阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。短文后设有一项任务，要求你根据短文的内容为每项任务从四个选项中选出能完成该任务的最好的一项。Quantumcomputingrepresentsaparadigmshiftfromclassicalcomputing,leveragingtheprinciplesofquantummechanicstoperformcomputations.Unlikeclassicalbits,whichcanbeeither0or1,quantumbitsorqubitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneouslyduetosuperposition.Thispropertyallowsquantumcomputerstoprocessavastamountofinformationatonce,potentiallysolvingproblemsthatareintractableforclassicalcomputers.Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofquantumcomputingisincryptography.Quantumcryptography,alsoknownasquantumkeydistribution(QKD),usesquantummechanicstoensuresecurecommunication.Unlikeclassicalcryptographicmethods,whichrelyoncomplexmathematicalalgorithms,quantumcryptographyleveragestheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglementtocreatekeysthataretheoreticallyunbreakable.Ifaneavesdroppertriestointerceptthekey,thequantumstateofthesystemwouldbedisturbed,alertingthecommunicatingpartiestothepresenceofanintruder.Anothersignificantapplicationisindrugdiscoveryandmaterialsscience.Quantumcomputerscansimulatemolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel,whichisbeyondthecapabilitiesofclassicalcomputers.Thiscapabilitycouldrevolutionizethedevelopmentofnewdrugsandmaterialsbyallowingresearcherstomodelcomplexchemicalprocesseswithgreateraccuracy.Forinstance,quantumcomputingcouldhelpindesigningmoreeffectivepharmaceuticalsbypredictinghowdifferentmoleculeswillinteract.However,quantumcomputingisstillinitsearlystages,andseveralchallengesneedtobeaddressed.Onemajorobstacleisqubitdecoherence,wherequbitslosetheirquantumstateduetoenvironmentalinterference.Anotherchallengeisthedevelopmentoferrorcorrectiontechniquestomaintainthestabilityofquantumcomputations.Despitethesehurdles,progressinquantumhardwareandsoftwareisaccelerating,bringingusclosertopracticalquantumapplications.Task:Choosethebestanswerforeachquestionbasedonthepassage.36.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenquantumbitsandclassicalbits?A)Quantumbitscanonlyexistinasinglestate.B)Quantumbitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.C)Quantumbitsareslowerthanclassicalbits.D)Quantumbitsarelargerthanclassicalbits.37.Howdoesquantumcryptographyensuresecurecommunication?A)Byusingcomplexmathematicalalgorithms.B)Byleveragingtheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglement.C)Byencryptingmessageswithquantumkeys.D)Bypreventingeavesdroppersfrominterceptingmessages.38.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesquantumcomputingofferindrugdiscovery?A)Itcanpredicttheweathermoreaccurately.B)Itcansimulatemolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.C)Itcandevelopnewtypesofelectronicdevices.D)Itcanoptimizesupplychainlogistics.39.Whatisoneofthemajorchallengesinquantumcomputing?A)Quantumcomputersaretooexpensivetobuild.B)Qubitdecoherence.C)Quantumcryptographyistoocomplex.D)Classicalcomputersaremoreefficient.40.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofquantumcomputing?A)Itwillremaininitsearlystagesformanyyears.B)Itwillsoonbecomemainstreaminvariousindustries.C)Itwillbelimitedtotheoreticalresearchonly.D)Itwillreplaceclassicalcomputingentirely.四、翻译（本部分共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）要求：将下列英文句子翻译成中文。41.Quantumentanglementisaphenomenonwheretwoqubitsremainconnectedregardlessofthedistancebetweenthem.42.Theintegrationofquantumcomputingwithartificialintelligencecouldleadtorapidadvancementsinmachinelearning.43.Quantumsimulationallowsresearcherstomodelcomplexquantumsystemsthataredifficulttostudyexperimentally.44.Quantumerrorcorrectionisessentialformaintainingthestabilityofquantumcomputations.45.Quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtorevolutionizefieldssuchasdrugdiscoveryandcryptography.五、写作（本部分共1小题，满分10分）要求：根据所给提示，写一篇150-200字的短文。Prompt:Imagineyouarearesearcherworkingonquantumcomputing.Writeashortessaydescribingarecentbreakthroughinyourfieldanditspotentialimpactonsociety.Inrecentyears,quantumcomputinghasmadesignificantstrides,andoneofthemostnotablebreakthroughsisthedevelopmentofaquantumcomputerwith127qubits.Thisadvancementhasopenednewdoorsforsolvingcomplexproblemsthatwerepreviouslybeyondthereachofclassicalcomputers.Thepotentialimpactofthisbreakthroughonsocietyisimmense.Forinstance,inhealthcare,quantumcomputingcouldacceleratethediscoveryofnewdrugsbysimulatingmolecularinteractionsatanatomiclevel.Infinance,itcouldoptimizealgorithmsforbetterriskmanagement.Moreover,inenvironmentalscience,itcouldhelpmodelclimatechangemoreaccurately,leadingtomoreeffectivepolicies.Aswecontinuetopushtheboundariesofquantumcomputing,thepossibilitiesareendless,andthebenefitstosocietyarevast.本次试卷答案如下一、单项选择1.A)encouraged解析：量子计算的发展迅速，这激励了科学家和研究人员去探索新的可能性。encouraged（鼓励）符合句意。2.A)enhances解析：量子计算机使用量子比特而不是经典比特，这增强了它们执行复杂计算的能力。enhances（增强）符合句意。3.A)benefits解析：量子计算的一个主要好处是它有可能解决经典计算机无法处理的优化问题。benefits（好处）符合句意。4.A)conducted解析：在2023年，谷歌量子人工智能进行了一项量子霸权实验，展示了它的量子计算机可以在200秒内解决一个特定的问题，而最先进的经典超级计算机需要10,000年。conducted（进行）符合句意。5.B)supports解析：量子纠缠，一种现象，其中两个量子比特无论彼此距离多远都保持连接，支持许多量子算法的基础。supports（支持）符合句意。6.A)developed解析：IBM的研究人员开发了一台具有127量子比特的量子计算机，这被认为是迈向实用量子应用的重要一步。developed（开发）符合句意。7.C)complex解析：量子计算领域高度跨学科，需要物理学、计算机科学和数学的知识。complex（复杂）符合句意。8.A)secure解析：量子密码学旨在创建理论上无法破解的通信系统，利用量子力学的原理。secure（安全）符合句意。9.B)challenge解析：量子计算的一个主要挑战是量子比特退相干问题，这会破坏量子计算。challenge（挑战）符合句意。10.A)improve解析：量子机器学习将量子计算与机器学习算法相结合，以提高计算效率和准确性。improve（提高）符合句意。11.D)questioned解析：理论物理学家理查德·费曼曾经质疑“如果你认为自己理解了量子力学，你就没有理解量子力学”，强调了它的复杂性。questioned（质疑）符合句意。12.A)enables解析：量子模拟使研究人员能够模拟量子系统，这些系统太复杂而无法进行实验研究，为材料科学和化学提供了见解。enables（使能够）符合句意。13.A)protect解析：量子纠错是一项关键技术，有助于保护量子比特免受错误的影响，而不会崩溃量子状态。protect（保护）符合句意。14.B)gradual解析：从理论研究到实用量子计算应用需要硬件和软件的重大进步。gradual（逐渐的）符合句意。15.A)simulating解析：量子计算有可能通过在原子水平上模拟复杂的分子相互作用来改变药物发现领域。simulating（模拟）符合句意。16.C)allows解析：微软的量子开发工具包（QDK）允许开发者实验量子算法和应用。allows（允许）符合句意。17.B)capability解析：量子优越性的概念是指量子计算机能够执行经典计算机无法完成的任务。capability（能力）符合句意。18.A)improve解析：量子计算可以通过比经典方法更有效地解决复杂的物流问题来优化供应链。improve（改进）符合句意。19.A)rapid解析：量子计算与人工智能的集成可能会导致机器学习和数据分析的快速发展。rapid（快速的）符合句意。20.C)obstacles解析：量子计算仍处于早期阶段，有许多障碍和挑战需要克服才能实现广泛的应用。obstacles（障碍）符合句意。二、完形填空21.A)conducted解析：去年，斯坦福大学的一组研究人员进行了一项开创性的实验，展示了量子计算在气候科学中的潜力。conducted（进行）符合句意。22.B)using解析：该实验使用量子计算机对地球大气层进行建模，具有前所未有的准确性，提供了对气候变化的新的见解。using（使用）符合句意。23.A)represents解析：这一突破代表了该领域的一个重大里程碑，因为它显示了量子计算如何比经典计算机更有效地处理复杂的环境系统。represents（代表）符合句意。24.A)simulate解析：研究人员使用名为变分量子本征求解器（VQE）的量子算法来模拟大气粒子与太阳辐射的相互作用。simulate（模拟）符合句意。25.C)model解析：量子计算机可以模拟分子间的相互作用，这是经典计算机无法做到的。model（模拟）符合句意。26.A)surprising解析：结果表明令人惊讶，揭示了以前难以用传统方法检测的模式。surprising（令人惊讶的）符合句意。27.C)revolutionizes解析：这一突破改变了我们进行气候建模的方式，因为它允许更详细和准确的预测。revolutionizes（使革命化）符合句意。28.A)hasbeen解析：通往这个成功的道路并不容易。hasbeen（一直是）符合句意。29.B)yet解析：尽管已经取得了进展，量子计算仍然面临许多挑战。yet（然而）符合句意。30.A)obstacles解析：尽管存在障碍，量子计算在应对气候变化方面的潜在益处是巨大的。obstacles（障碍）符合句意。31.C)emphasizes解析：爱德华·卡特教授，领导这项研究的教授，强调“量子计算有力量改变我们对地球气候的理解，而这才只是开始。”emphasizes（强调）符合句意。32.A)highlights解析：该项目的成功突出了跨学科合作的重要性，因为该项目涉及来自物理学、计算机科学和环境科学等各个领域的科学家。highlights（突出）符合句意。33.A)marks解析：这标志着研究的新纪元，在这个时代，量子计算将发挥核心作用，解决世界上一些最紧迫的挑战。marks（标志）符合句意。34.A)certain解析：可以肯定的是，量子计算将继续发展和解锁新的可能性。certain（肯定的）符合句意。35.D)promise解析：前景是明确的：量子计算有潜力彻底改变我们的气候科学方法及更广阔的领域。promise（承诺）符合句意。三、阅读理解36.B)Quantumbitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.解析：量子比特和经典比特的主要区别在于量子比特可以同时存在于多个状态。B选项符合句意。37.B)Byleveragingtheuncertaintyprincipleandquantumentanglement.解析：量子密码学通过利用不确定性