十年（2016-2025）高考英语真题分类汇编：专题14 阅读理解说明文（全国）（原卷版）

专题14阅读理解说明文

十年考情（2015-2024）

考点命题趋势

主题内容考点分布

2025年：全国Ⅰ卷（微塑料污染及处理）、全国Ⅱ细节理解题1.题材聚焦科学与

卷（室内植物影响、食物浪费）共3篇（10年68考）社会热点：紧密围

2024年：全国甲卷（猫的行为、医疗列车）、新课主要涉及具体数据、绕环境保护（如微

标Ⅰ卷（生物多样性数据、巴比伦微农场）、新课实验过程、现象特征、塑料、气候变化）、

标Ⅱ卷（冰雹抑制项目）、北京卷（人类道德起源）、因果关系等信息的查科技发展（如人工

浙江1月卷（斯坦福棉花糖实验）共6篇找与确认。如2025智能、3D打印）、

2023年：新高考全国Ⅰ卷（数字极简主义、群体智年全国Ⅰ卷中煮沸健康生活（如饮食、

慧）、新高考全国Ⅱ卷（书籍与阅读、城市自然）、和过滤去除微塑料的运动）、文化现象

全国乙卷（英国饮食、灰熊保护）、北京卷（短期效果数据；2024年新（如语言演变、社

主义、人工生命）、浙江1月卷（太阳能农场）共课标Ⅰ卷中生物多交习惯）等，体现

9篇样性记录的形式细时代性与实用性。

2022年：新高考全国Ⅰ卷（食物浪费、语言与咬字）、节。2.考查重点兼顾细

新高考全国Ⅱ卷（分心驾驶、小森林运动）、全国推理判断题节与推理：细节理

乙卷（无人机与铁路、糖税政策）、全国甲卷（凤（10年32考）解题注重对具体数

说明文头鹦鹉、南极之旅）、北京卷（具身认知）、浙江要求考生根据文中信据、实验过程、现

（10年卷（适度工作、软饮料盐卤除冰）、天津卷（数字息进行逻辑推断，答象描述的提取；推

93篇）人类、艺术价值）共13篇案不能直接从原文找理判断题侧重对作

2021年：新高考全国Ⅰ卷（联邦鸭票、情商）、新到。比如2023年全者态度、观点隐含

高考全国Ⅱ卷（机器人与牧场）、全国甲卷（黑犀国乙卷中推断灰熊保意义、因果关系的

牛保护）、全国乙卷（塑料艺术、工作环境噪音）、护措施的效果；2022推断，强调逻辑分

北京卷（全球崩塌、狗识表情）、浙江卷（儿童步年新高考Ⅰ卷中从析能力。

行、黑猩猩手势）、天津卷（AI与数字人类、艺术食物浪费数据推断问3.结构与说明方法

价值）共12篇题的严重性等。多样：多采用“总-

2020年：新课标Ⅰ卷（重读书籍、竞走、植物与环主旨大意题分”“分-总”结

境）、新课标Ⅱ卷（拼图与空间能力、海狸鼠皮毛）、（10年18考）构，常使用举例、

新课标Ⅲ卷（巴夭人潜水）、新高考全国Ⅰ卷（饮主要考查对文章说明对比、列数据、作

食社交影响）、新高考全国Ⅱ卷（雨林）、北京卷对象、核心观点的把诠释等说明方法，

（狗狗监测污染）、浙江卷（蜡虫吃塑料、父母与握。例如2024年北帮助考生理清说明

阅读）、江苏卷（早餐前锻炼、报纸发展）共11篇京卷中概括人类道德对象的特征与逻辑

2019年：全国卷Ⅰ（智能键盘、受欢迎类型）、全起源研究的核心内关系。

国卷Ⅱ（独自用餐、HUNCH项目）、全国卷Ⅲ（中容；2021年全国甲卷4.语言难度梯度分

国文化与时尚、报纸发展、猴子算数）、浙江卷（加中归纳黑犀牛保护措明：基础词汇与专

州大树减少）、北京卷（机器人电话、海洋颜色变施的主旨等。业术语结合，长难

化）、江苏卷（黄石火山、食物网）、天津卷（食词义猜测题句多涉及实验步

物网）共10篇（10年15考）骤、科学原理等复

2018年：全国Ⅰ卷（节约食物、语言消失、电子设考查对文中专业术杂信息，考查考生

备能耗）、全国Ⅱ卷（浆果营养、青少年阅读）、语、特定短语含义的在语境中理解词

全国Ⅲ卷（道森市兴衰、塑料袋）、浙江卷（七推测，需结合上下文义、分析句式的能

月水果、美国汽车文化）、北京卷（太空航空中心、语境。如2025年浙力。

蜡虫分解塑料）、江苏卷（小农场、3D食物打印）、江1月卷中5.跨学科融合趋势

天津卷（3D食物打印）共11篇“Eschewing”的含明显：融合生物学、

2017年：新课标Ⅰ卷（太阳能蒸馏器）、新课标Ⅱ义；2023年全国Ⅱ环境科学、社会学、

卷（飞行汽车、植物交流）、新课标Ⅲ卷（黄石卷中“relateto”的心理学等多学科知

灰狼、老年司机）、北京卷（TOKNOW杂志、麻疹）、指代等。识，要求考生具备

江苏卷（鹪鹩胎教、数据巨头）、天津卷（邮件失跨学科理解与整合

误）共9篇信息的能力，体现

2016年：新课标Ⅰ卷（祖孙同住、沉默的文化差异）、对综合素养的考

新课标Ⅱ卷（BookCrossing网站）、新课标Ⅲ卷查。

（苹果节）、浙江卷（婴儿与科学家）、北京卷（加

州秃鹫）、江苏卷（黑猩猩与人类合作、厄尔尼诺）、

上海卷（社交媒体条款）、四川卷（法属圭亚那土

著）共9篇

说明文

2025年

Passage1

【2025全国一卷】MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhave

settledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandeven

falleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.

Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplastics

inwaterfromyourtap(水龙头):boilingandfiltering(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmental

Science&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—then

filteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.

Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.

Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropin

plastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsby

just25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthree

commontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicals

previouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.

Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’s

becomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000times

moremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.

Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraised

concerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstrated

howmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,an

environmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNew

Scientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”

32．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?

A．Byquotinganexpert.B．Bydefiningaconcept.

C．Bygivingexamples.D．Byprovidingstatistics.

33．Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?

A．Thehardnessofwater.B．Thelengthofcoolingtime.

C．Thefrequencyoffiltering.D．Thetypeofplasticinwater.

34．Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?

A．Theimportanceofplasticrecycling.B．Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.

C．Thedangerinoverusingpurewater.D．Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.

35．WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?

A．Choiceofnewresearchmethods.B．Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.

C．Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers.D．Potentialapplicationofthefindings.

Passage2

【2025全国二卷】WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehigh

hopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthe

pastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathome

leadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.

“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.

“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenature

toourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewways

butthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.

“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithout

plants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthatthere

wasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”

Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsof

surroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspractice

medicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingto

plantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”

Detrinidadsays.

28．HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?

A．Itfacedtoughcompetition.B．Itsufferedagreatloss.

C．Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport.D．Itwentsurprisinglywell.

29．WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?

A．Theyappealmoretostudents.B．Theypurifytheenvironment.

C．Theyraisethecortisollevel.D．Theyenhanceproductivity.

30．WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?

A．Thenecessityofsocialskills.B．Themeaningofsustainability.

C．Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts.D．Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.

31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TimetoReplaceHouseplantsB．PlantsBoostYourMood

C．TipsonChoosingHouseplantsD．PlantsBrightenYourHome

Passage3

【2025全国二卷】Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.Maybe

thatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”was

moreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.

Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.From

technologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreof

whatwe’realreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadifferentway:It

changeditsmenutoexclusively(专门)offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.

FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage’sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditems

likefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver’svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madeto

raiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.

AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffood

wasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%is

simplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtook

theconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.

ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,all

theingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsider

serving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,

withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.

ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;

BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaysto

addressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.

32．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’searlylife?

A．Hewitnessedfoodshortage.B．Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.

C．HedonatedfoodtoAfricans.D．Hehelpedtocookathome.

33．WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?

A．Tocustomizedishesforguests.B．Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.

C．Totestafoodprocessingmethod.D．ToimprovetheUK’szero-wastesystems.

34．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A．Whytheingredientswereused.B．Whichdisheswerebestliked.

C．Whatthedishesweremadeof.D．Wheretheingredientswerebought.

35．WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?

A．Ithasendedasplanned.B．Itiscreatingnewjobs.

C．Ithasregainedpopularity.D．Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.

Passage4

【2025浙江1月卷】Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.

Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,and

evensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimple

principle:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.

TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarII

inareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeused

modularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrow

togetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.

DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstothe

plantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.

Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindto

thesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.

Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,

withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthat

enjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.

Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,the

garden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemost

gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,

reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.

28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A．Runningoutof.B．Keepingawayfrom.

C．Puttingupwith.D．Takingadvantageof.

29．Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?

A．Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens.B．Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.

C．Toconservesoilandwaterresources.D．Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.

30．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?

A．Traditional.B．Odd-looking.

C．Tasteful.D．Well-protected.

31．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．ThefutureofgardeningisWILD．B．NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.

C．MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE.D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.

Passage5

【2025浙江1月卷】Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushto

makethemgenderless.“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”

saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicture

altogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthe

fundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.

Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofa

digitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsof

attachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbeless

likelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.

Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasabout

powerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,are

morevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeen

assignedagender.

Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’sname

wasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuu

wasa“he”or“she.”

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)“providesanopportunity

tochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreduces

negativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeon

stereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,

forinstance.

32．Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?

A．Toreducestereotypes.B．Tomeetpublicdemand.

C．Tocutproductioncosts.D．Toencouragecompetition.

33．Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?

A．Designaproduct.B．Respondtoasurvey.

C．Workasassistants.D．Takealanguagetest.

34．Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?

A．Theycannotbemass-produced.B．Namingthemisachallengingtask.

C．Peopleassumetheyareunreliable.D．Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.

35．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A．Thequalityofgenderlessproducts.B．Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.

C．Themeaningofanthropomorphism.D．Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.

Passage6

【2025北京卷】Thecallto“knowyourself”hasbeentheresinceancienttimes,butoursenseofselfdoesn’t

alwaysmatchwhatothersperceive.Consideringthestorieswetellaboutourselvescanhelpustochangeourminds

forbetter.

Formanyyearspsychologistssawidentityasacombinationofsomeone’svalues,beliefs,goalsandsocial

,

roles.Then,inthe1980s,BobJohnsoncreatedthelifestorymodelofidentity,inwhichheproposesthat,aswego

throughlife,thesecorefeaturesarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughwhichwe

understandourlives.

Ourlifestoryissomethingthatstartscomingtogetherinourteenageyears,whenwebegintoorganiseour

livesintochaptersaroundkeyeventsorlifechanges,andbegintoseeourselvesasboththecentralcharacterand,to

avaryingextent,thestory’sauthor.Peoplewithmoreconsistentstoriestendtohaveastrongersenseofidentity,

andtheyfeeltheirlifehasmoremeaning,directionandsenseofpurpose.Suchpeopleshowgreateroveralllife

satisfaction,too.

Johnsonhasalsoinvestigatedthelinkbetweenwell-beingandcertainstorythemes.Hediscoveredthat

whethersomeonedescribeshavinghadsomecontrolovereventsintheirpastisanimportantpredictorofaperson’s

mentalhealth.Anotherkeythemeinvolvesfindingsomekindofpositivemeaningafterstressfulevents.“People

couldtalkaboutgainingknowledgeorpersonalgrowth,”saysJohnson.Hisresearchshowsthatthisisoften

missingforpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions.Thegoodnewsisthatthereisevidencewecanlearntochange

ourownstory.

LisaGreen,anotherresearcher,soundsafewnotesofcaution(谨慎).Forinstance,hearingaboutthepowerof

redemptive(拯救性的)stories,manypeoplemayfeelforcedtofindapositiveangleonhorribleevents.Shesays

thatWesternculturealreadypushespeopletolookforthesilverliningbehindeverycloud.

Ifyouwanttoturnoveranewleaf,though,onetoptipisthatithelpstochooseasignificantdatethatsignals

thestartofanew“chapter”.Contrarytopopulardoubt,resolutionsmadeonIJanuaryaremoreeffectiveforthis

reason.So,whetheryourgoalissavingmoneyorgettingfit,thereisnobettertimetobecometheauthorofour

owndestiny(命运).

31.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpersonalstories?

A.Theyareunrelatedtohealth.B.Consistentonesleadtostress.

C.Theyarerelevanttohappiness.D.Thematiconesholdbackchange.

32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Talkingaboutgainsfromfailureisnegative.B.NewYearresolutionsarewellreceived.

C.TheWesttendstoovervalueoptimism.D.Socialrolesfailtobehighlighted.

33.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage?

A.Clarifyagoal.B.Analyseanevent.

C.Makeacomparison.D.Illustrateanapproach.

34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howself-identityworks.B.Howstory-tellersaremade.

C.Howpersonalstoriesraisedoubts.D.Howtimingaffectspersonalidentity.

2024年

Passage1

【2024全国甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshave

distinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentire

conversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowing

toattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedand

softmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbe

fed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplace

torelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.

Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.

That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon't

usuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfind

randomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsof

predators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejust

doingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.

5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

Passage2

【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizen

scientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,

videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesin

anarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofa

mobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyinthe

StanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspecies

arerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtested

howwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,like

thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”

saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.

Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor

eye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampled

areasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityof

observationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheir

uploadedimage.”

32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestud