2018年6月英语四级真题答案解析（卷一）

2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第1套）审题思路：

PartI Writing范文点评：高分范文精彩点评TheImportanceofReadingAbilityandHowtoDevelopIt①Asthemostfrequentlyusedwaytogetaccesstooriginalmaterials,readinghasalwaysbeenconsideredoneofthemostimportantpartsoflanguagelearning,②whichcanfacilitateexpansionoflexicalitems,enhancementofgrammar,andaccumulationofsocialandculturalawareness.③Thisalsoexplainsthereasonwhyreadingskillsshouldbehighlyemphasized.④Inordertoimproveyourreadingtherearesometipstofollow.⑤Firstofall,scanthematerialbeforeyoubeginreading.Whateverthepurposeofyourreadingis,takeafewminutestolookthepieceover,andcheckandseehowtheworkisstructuredandpresented.⑥Secondly,trynottoreachforthedictionarywhenyoucomeacrossawordyoudon’tknow.Instead,trytoguessthemeaningofthewordbasedonthecontext.⑦Lastbutnotleast,writeafewsentencestosummarizewhatyou’vereadsinceitisawayofcheckingifyouhavecompletelyunderstood.⑧Aboveall,readinghasgreatbenefitsthatcanhelpyoulearnthelanguagefasterandmorethoroughly.Everylanguagelearnercantrytheabovemethodstodeveloptheirreadingskills.①开门见山，提出阅读的重要性。②用which引导的定语从句具体阐述阅读的重要作用。④引出下文：提高阅读能力有几点建议。⑤⑥⑦分别用FirstofallSecondlyLastbutnotleast具体阐述提高阅读能力的三点建议。Aboveall有很大益处，并强调学习者应该提高阅读技能。加分两点frequently 频繁地enhancement提高，改进culturalawareness文化意识context上下文，语境summarize总结全文翻译：阅读能力的重要性以及如何提高阅读能力SectionA

PartII ListeningComprehensionNewsReportOnemessageinabottlesentouttoseabyaNewHampshiremanmorethanfivedecadesagowasfound1,500milesawayandhasbeenreturnedtohisdaughter.Thelong-lostmessagewasdiscoveredbyClintBuffingtonofUtahwhilehewasvacationing.Buffingtonsayshefoundasodabottlehalfburiedinthesandthat“lookedlikeithadbeentheresincethebeginningoftime.”Thenoteinsidethebottlesaid,“Returnto419OceanStreetandreceivearewardof$150fromRichardandTinaPierce,ownersoftheBeachcomberMotel.”ThemotelwasownedbytheparentsofPaulaPiercein1960.HerfatherhadwrittenthenotesasajokeandhadthrownitintotheAtlanticOcean.BuffingtonflewtoNewHampshiretodeliverthatmessagetoPolaPierce.(2)Shehelduptoherfather’spromise,givingBuffingtonthatreward.Butthebiggestrewardisthemessageinabottlefindingitswaybackhome.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：return、bottledmessagehistory等词可以初步判断，该新闻与归还漂流瓶里的12She，结wantedto、askedbyherfathertodoso可推测，此题考查女士做某事的原因。1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?答案：A1,500英里外的A。2.WhydidPaulaPiercegiveClintBuffingtonthereward?答案：B详解：新闻中提到，BuffingtonPaulaPierce.PaulaPierce遵守父亲的承诺，给予Buffington150PierceBuffington奖励就是为了遵守父亲当年的承诺，B。NewsReportTwoMillionsofbeeshavediedinSouthCarolinaduringaerialinsectsprayingoperationsthatwerecarriedouttocombattheZikavirus.（3）Theinsectssprayingovertheweekendleftmorethan2millionbeesdeadonthespotinDorchesterCounty,SouthCarolina,wherefourtravel-relatedcasesofZikadiseasehavebeenconfirmedinthearea.(4)MostofthedeathscamefromFlowerBeefarm,acompanyinSomervillethatsellsbeesandhoneyproducts.JuanitaStanleywhoownsthecompanysaidthefarm“lookslikeit'sbeendestroyed.”Thefarmlostabout2.5millionbees.DorchesterCountyofficialsapologizedfortheaccidentalmasskillingofbees.DorchesterCountyisawarethatsomebeekeepersintheareathatwassprayedonSundaylosttheirbeecolonies.CountymanagerJasonsaidinastatement.“I’mnotpleasedthatsomanybeeswerekilled.”Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：预览两道题各选项，由选项中反复出现的bees、disease、lost等词可推测，新闻内容与蜜蜂的遭遇有关。WhyweresprayingoperationscarriedoutinDorchesterCounty?答案：B200多万只蜜蜂B。WhatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutFlowertownBeeFarm?答案：CFlowertown250C。NewsReportThreeTheworld’slargestaircrafthastakentotheskiesforthefirsttime.(5)TheAirlander10spentnearlytwohoursintheair,havingtakenofffromCoddingtonAirfieldinBedfordshire.Duringitsflight,itreached3,000feetandperformedaseriesofgentleturnsalloverasafearea.Theaircraftismassive—aslongasafootballfieldandastallassixdoubledeckerbusesandcapableofflyingforuptofivedays.(6)ItwasfirstdevelopedfortheUSgovernmentasalong-rangespyaircraft,butwasabandonedfollowingbudgetcutbacks.(7)Theaircraftcost25millionpoundsandcancarryheavierloadsthanhugejetplaneswhilealsoproducinglessnoiseandemittinglesspollution.Themakersbelievethefutureofaircraftandonedaywe’llbeusingthemtogoplaces.Butthere’sstillalongwaytogo.TheAirlanderwillneedtohave200hours’flyingtimebeforebeingallowedtoflybytheaviationadministration.Ifitpassesthough,wecanhopewe’llallgetsomeextralegroom.Questions5and7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.stayedintheairtookofflandedaviationtechnology5It，结合新闻主题可知，It6题和第7题各选项语义可推测，两题分别考查该飞机的问题和优点，听音时应注意捕捉。WhatdowelearnaboutthefirstflightoftheAirlander10?答案：A详解：新闻开头指出，世界上最大的飞机Airalnder10第一次升空。该飞机在英国贝德福德郡的科丁顿机场起飞，飞行了将近两个小时。因此答案为A。WhatcausetheUSgovernmenttoabandontheAirlander10asaspyaircraft?答案：CAirlander10（政府预算削减后就被放弃了。Airlander10C。WhatistheadvantageoftheAirlander10overhugejetplanes?答案：DAirlander102,50010D。SectionBConversationOneM:Doyoufeellikegoingouttonight？W:Yeah，whynot?Wehaven’tbeenoutforages,What’son?M:Well,there’safilmaboutclimatechange.Doesitsoundgoodtoyou?W:Oh,notreally.Itdoesn’treallyappealtome.What’sitabout?Justclimatechange?M:Ithinkit’sabouthowclimatechangeaffectseverydaylife.Iwonderhowtheymakeitentertaining.W:Well,(8)itsoundsreallyawful.It’sanimportantsubject,Iagree,butI’mnotinthemoodforanythingdepressing.Whatelseison?M：There’saSpanishDanceFestival.W:Oh,Ilovedance.Thatsoundsreallyinteresting.M:Apparently,it’sabsolutelybrilliant.Let’sseewhatitsaysinthepaper.“AnnaGomezleadsinanexcitingproductionofthegreatSpanishlovestory,Garmen.”W:Ok,then.Whattimeisiton?M:At7:30.W:Well,that’snogood.(9)Wehaven’tgotenoughtimetogetthere.Isthereanythingelse?M:There’sacomedyspecialon.W:Where’siton?M:It’sattheCityTheater.It’sacharitycomedynightwithlotsofdifferentacts.Itlooksprettygood.(10)Thecriticinthelocalthepapersaysit’sthefunniestthinghe’severseen.Itsayshere“RogerWhiteheadisanamazinghosttoanightoffunperformances.”W:Mm…I’mnotkeenonhim.He’snotveryfunny.M:Areyousureyourfancygoingouttonight?Youarenotveryenthusiastic.Perhapsyouareright.gotoseethedance.Buttomorrow,nottonight.M:Great,I’llbooktheticketsonline.Questions8and11arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.dailylifedancingtheatreamusingshowcomedyticketsWhatdoesthewomanthinkofclimatechande?答案：A详解：对话开头，男士说有一场关于气候变化的电影，问女士要不要去看，女士说气候变化是个重要的话题，但是她没有心情看令人沮丧的内容，即女士认为气候变化是一个令人沮丧的话题，答案为A。WhydothespeakersgiveupgoingtotheSpanishDanceFestivaltonight?答案：D详解：对话中女士表示不喜欢有关气候变化的电影，继而追问是否还有其他娱乐项目，当男士告知女士7点半有西班牙舞蹈节表演的时候，女士表示没有足够的时间赶到那里。因此答案为D。WhatdoesthecriticsayaboutthecomedyperformedattheCityTheatre?答案：C详解：对话中，男士告知女士剧院今晚喜剧特别节目，评论员在当地报纸上说这是他看过的最滑稽的表演。因此答案为C。Whatdoesthewomandecidetodotomorrow?答案：B详解：对话末尾，女士说出自己的决定：明天晚上去看舞蹈表演。因此答案为B。ConversationGoodmorning,Lee,MayIhaveaminutesofyourtime?M:Sure,Catherine,WhatcanIdoforyou?W:(12)I’mquietanxiousabouttransferringovertoourcollege,I’mafraidIwon’tfitin.M:don'tworry,Catherine.It’scompletelynormalforyoutobenervousabouttransferringschools.Thishappenstomanytransferstudents.W:Yes,Iknow,butI’myoungerthanmoststudentsinmyyear.Andthatworriesmealot.M:(13)Well,youmaybetheonlyyoungeroneinyouryear,but,youknow,wehavealotofafter-schoolactivitiesyoucanjoinin.Andso,thisway,youwillbeabletomeetnewfriendsofdifferentagegroups.W:That’snice.Ilovegamesandhobbygroups.M:I’msureyoudo.Soyou’llbejustfine.Don’tworrysomuchandtrytomakethemostofwhatwehaveonofferhere.Also,(14)rememberthatyoucancometomeanytimeofthedayifyouneedhelp.Thankssomuch.Idefinitelyfeelbetternow.Asamatteroffact,I’vealreadycontactedoneofthegirlswho’dbelivinginthesamehousewithme,andsheseemedreallynice.Iguesslivingoncampus,I’llhaveachancetohaveaclosecircleoffriends,sincewe’llbelivingtogether.M:Allstudentsareveryfriendlywithnewarrivals.Letmecheckwhowouldbelivingwithyouinyourflat.Okay,thereareHannah,Kelly,andBree.(15)Breeisalsoanewstudenthere,likeyou.I’msureyoutwowillhavemoretosharewitheachother.Questions12and15arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：transfertransferstudent1213题14题各选项均为动词短语结构，结合语义可推测，13题考查女士将要做什么，14题考查男士为女士做某事，15She已经完成的行为动作。WhydoesCatherinefeelanxious?答案：D详解：对话中，男士询问女士能帮她做些什么，女士表示她担心自己作为转校生会不合群。因此答案为D。13.WhatdoesMr.LeeencourageCatherinetodo?答案：C详解：女士非常担心自己年龄小不能适应新学校的生活。男士说她可以参加学校的各种课外活动，这样就能认识不同年龄段的朋友。由此可知，男士鼓励女士参加课外活动，故答案为C。WhandoesLeepromisetodoforCatherine?答案：A详解：对话中，男士建议女士参加课外活动，并安慰女士不要太担心，尽量充分利用学校提供的一切，并告诉女士如果需哟啊帮助可以随时找他。因此答案为A。WhatdowelearnaboutCatherine’sschoolmateBree?答案：D详解：对话末尾，男士指出，Bree和女士一样，也是新来的学生。因此答案为D。SectionCPassageOneHaveyoueverfeltlikeyouwoulddojustaboutanythingtosatisfyyourhunger?Anewstudyinmicemayhelptoexplainwhyhungercanfeellikesuchapowerfulmotivatingforce.（16）Inthestudy,researchersfoundthathungeroutweighedotherphysicaldrives,includingfear,thirstandsocialneeds.Todeterminewhichfeelingwonout,theresearchersdidaseriesofexperiments.Inoneexperiment,themicewerebothhungryandthirsty.Whengiventhechoiceofeithereatingfoodordrinkingwater,themicewentforthefood,theresearchersfound.However,whenthemicewerewell-fedbutthirsty,theyoptedtodrink,accordingtothestudy.Inthesecondexperimentmeanttopitthemice’shungeragainsttheirfear,hungrymicewereplacedinacagethathadcertain“fox-scented”areasandotherplacesthatsmelledsafer(inotherwords,notlikeananimalthatcouldeatthem)butalsohadfood.(17)Itturnedoutthat,whenthemicewerehungry,theyventuredintotheunsafeareasforfood.Butwhenthemicewerewell-fed,theystayedinareasofthecagethatwereconsidered“safe.”Hungeralsooutweighedthemice’ssocialneeds,theresearchersfound.(18)Miceareusuallysocialanimalsandprefertobeinthecompanyofothermice,accordingtothestudy.Whenthemicewerehungry,theyoptedtoleavethecompanyofothermicetogogetfood.Questions16and18arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：investigatemice16题1718题各选项都是描述喜好的句子，考查老鼠的习性。Whatistheresearchers’pirposeincarryingouttheseriesofexperimentswithmice?答案：BB。Inwhatcircumstances,domiceventureintounsafeareas?答案：A详解：短文中提到，在第二个实验中研究者把老鼠的饥饿与恐惧作对照研究，结果表明，当老鼠饿了的时候，它A。Whatissaidaboutmiceattheendofthepassage?答案：C详解：短文末尾提到，老鼠通常是群居动物，喜欢成群结伴。因此答案为C。PassageTwo（19）TheUnitedStateshasoneofthebesthighwaysystemsintheworld.Interstatehighwaysconnectjustabouteverylargeandmid-sizedcityinthecountry.Didyoueverwonderwhysuchacompletesystemofexcellentroadsexists?Foranwouldhavetogobacktotheearly1920s.(20)Inthoseyears,justafterI,themilitarywantedtobuildanAmericanhighwaysystemfornationaldefense.Suchasystemcould,ifnecessary,movetroopsquicklyfromoneareatoanother.Itcouldalsogetpeopleoutofcitiesindangerofbeingbombed.So-calledroadsofnationalimportanceweredesignated,buttheyweremostlysmallcountryroads.In1944,Congresspassedabilltoupgradethesystem,butdidnotfundtheplanrightInthe1950s,theplanbegantobecomeareality.Over$25billionwasappropriatedbyCongress,andconstructionbeganonabout40,000milesofnewroads.Theideawastoconnectthenewsystemtoexistingexpresswaysandfreeways.And,thoughthesystemwasbuiltmostlytomakecartraveleasier,defensewasnotforgotten.Forinstance,highwayoverpasseshadtobehighenoughtoallowtrailerscarryingmilitarymissilestopassunderthem.(21)By1974,thissystemwasmostlycompleted.Afewadditionalroadswouldcomelater.Quickandeasytravelbetweenallpartsofthecountrywasnowpossible.Questions19and21arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：construction、transport、transporation、higherspeed等词可推测，短文1920题均为不定式结构，考查道路建造的目的；第21题各选项均为时间，可能考查道路建成的时间，听音时要留意出现时间的地方。WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericanhighwaysystem?答案：D详解：短文开头指出，美国拥有世界上最好的高速公路系统之一。因此答案为D。Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofbuildingahighwaysystem?答案：B详解：短文中提到，美国的公路建造可追溯到20世纪20年代初，在第一次世界大战后的那些年里，军方想要建造一个国防高速公路系统，以便在必要时迅速转移部队，也可以让人民离开有被轰炸危险的城市。由此可知，美国建造公路的最初动机是部队转移的需求，答案为B。WhenwastheInterstateHighwaySystemmostlycompleted?答案：A20501974A。PassageThreewhiledrivingwaslistedasamajorcauseofroaddeathsamongyoungAmericansbackin2013.Arecentstudysaidthat40%ofAmericanteensclaimtohavebeeninacarwhenthedriverusedacellphoneinawaythatputpeopleindanger.Thissoundslikeawidespreaddiseasebutonethattechnologymaynowhelpedcure.Evarts,a20-year-oldinventor,hascomeupwithanovelsolutionthatcouldeasilyputtextingdriversonnotice.(23)It’scalledSmartWheel,anddesignedtofitoverthesteeringwheelofmoststandardvehiclestotrackwhetherornotthedriverhastwohandsonthewheelatalltimes.(24)Evarts’inventionwarnsthedriverswithalightandasoundwhentheyholdthewheelwithonehandonly,butassoonastheyplacetheotherhandbackonthewheel,thelightturnsbacktogreenandthesoundstops.Italsowatchesforwhat’scalled“closebyhands”,wherebothhandsareclosetogethernearthetopofthewheel,sothedrivercantypewithboththumbsanddriveatthesametime.(25)AllthedataSmartWheelcollectsisalsosenttoaconnectedapp.SoanyparentswhoinstallSmartWheelcankeeptrackofthedrivinghabits.Iftheytrytoremoveordamagethecover,reportedaswell.Questions22and25arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.未听先知：driving、highways、steeringwheelvehicle等词可推测，短文内容与驾驶车辆222324keepsflashing、alerted、warning推测，此题考查驾驶员的某种行为可25题各选项均为动名词短语，结合语义可推测，此题考查做某事的方法。WhatisamajorcauseofroaddeathsamongyoungAmericans?答案：B2013B。23.WhatisSmartWheel?答案：D详解：短文中提到，为提醒开车时发短信的驾驶员，Evarts发明了智能方向盘（SmartWheel），该设备适用于多数标准车辆的方向盘，可以检测驾驶员是否一直用双手驾驶。因此答案为D。Whathappensifthedriverhasonehandonthewheel?答案：CC。Howdoparentskeeptrackoftheirdrivinghavits?答案：B详解：短文末尾提到，智能方向盘收集的数据都会传到相应的App，父母只要安装了这个应用程序，就能追踪到孩子的驾驶习惯。因此答案为B。PartⅢ ReadingComprehensionSectionA全文翻译：1962年首次（26）建造时，它的外墙都是薄薄的方形石板。但这些方形的小石板成了大楼的问题，四开始进行CIS（28）咨询Solarcentury。他们就用太阳能电池板覆盖整栋大楼达成一致。2004CIS大（29）组群（30）规模的垂直太阳能电池板工程了。用太阳能电池板覆盖一幢摩天大楼以前从来没有做过，CIS大楼当选为“十大最佳绿色能源项目”之一。这次翻新项目后的很长一段时间里，它都是英国最高的大楼，但是它（31）最终被米尔班克塔超越了。（32）一定（33）产生能源（34）更加便宜（35）高度选项归类：名 词收集采集组群方面部分height高度生产产生范围，界限；N)scale规模，程度动 词：D)competed竞争，争夺；E)constructed建造，构筑；F)consulted咨询，商量；H)discovered发现，找到M)range包括，涉及；N)scale攀登；O)undertaken开始进行，着手做形容词：A)cheaper更便宜；B)cleaner更干净，更清洁副 词：I)eventually最终，终于；K)necessarily必然，必定详解详析：答案：E)constructed建造，构筑详解动词辨析题空格前有系动词因此空格处应填入形容词作表语或动词的分词形式与was一起作谓语，备选项中的两个形容词均不符合句意因此应填入动词的分词形式本句意为当这座大楼于1962年首次 时它的外墙都是薄薄的方形石板。接下来提到了“翻新”（renovation），由此推知，1962年是首次建造，故答案为E)constructed建造，构筑。备选项中的其他动词均不符合文意，故排除。答案：O)undertaken开始进行，着手做详解动词辨析题空格前是系动词因此空格处应填入形容词作表语或动词的分词形式与was一起作谓语，但备选项中的两个形容词均不符合句意因此应填入动词的分词形式本句意为但这些方形的小石板成了大楼的问题四十年来不断地从外墙脱落直到一项重大的翻新工程 由下文可知翻新之后大楼外墙的石板换成了太阳能电池板那么直到翻新开始进行之前外墙都是石板因此答案为建造构筑备选项中的其他动词均不符合文意，故排除。答案：F)consulted咨询，商量详解：动词辨析题。空格前是名词词组thebuilding’sowners，空格后仍然是名词词组thesolarpanelcompany，句子缺少谓语因此空格处应填入动词本句意为在这次翻新期间大楼的所有者CIS公司 太阳能电池板公司Solarcentury。下一句提到，他们就用太阳能电池板覆盖整幢大楼达成一致。由此推断，CIS公司向Solarcentury公司咨询了相关事情两家公司商量后达成一致故答案为F)consulted咨询商量由时间状语duringthisrenovation可知空格处应填入动词的过去式而且是及物动词因此排除D)competedM)range和又因为Solarcentury这家公司一直存在，并不是新发现的，所以排除H)discovered。答案：C)collection收集，采集，组群详解名词辨析题空格前是形容词的最高级因此应填入名词本句意为，2004年完工后的CIS大楼成为欧洲最大的垂直太阳能电池板 。由上文可知，太阳能电池板覆盖整幢大楼，因此此处应填入含有“集合体意义的名词收集采集组群符合句意故为答案剩余备选名词中和J)height不能与largest搭配；CIS大楼并没有生产太阳能电池板，排除L)production；M)range和N)scale不符合此处句意，故均排除。答案：N)scale规模，程度详解名词辨析题空格前有形容词因此应填入名词本句意为自那以后再也没有如此大 的垂直太阳能电池板工程了前一句提到完工后的CIS大楼成为欧洲最大的垂直太阳能电池板组群因此此处表达的意思是这个工程规模很大所以本题答案为N)scale规模程度aalargescale是固定搭配意“大规模的。31.答案：I)eventually最终，终于；详解副词辨析题空格位于谓语wasovertaken的中间因此应填入副词本句意为这次翻新项目后的很长一段时间里，CIS大楼都是英国最高的建筑物，但是它 被米尔班克塔超越了。由句意可知，空格处所填的副词应于foralongtime形成对比因此答案为I)eventually最终终于备选项中的K)necessarily不符合此处句意故排除。答案：K)necessarily必然，必定详解：副词辨析题。空格前是aren’t，后面是形容词cost-effcient，因此应填入副词修饰形容词。此处意为，像这样的绿色建筑对投资者来说不 划算。but前后形成对比，but之后用does来强调动词produce，可以推断but之前的内容应该不是十分确定。由此可知，空格处填入的副词应与前面的not一起表示“不一定”的含义，故答案为K)necessarily必然，必定，notnecessarily是习惯用法，意为“不一定，未必”。答案：L)production生产，产生详解名词辨析题空格前是介词后面应该跟名词词组因此空格处应填入名词此处意为但是它产生的污染确实比通过化石燃料来 能源所造成的污染少由句意可知这里是对比两种方式产生能源的污染情况，因此答案为L)production生产，产生。energy是从fossilfuels中得来的，因此空格处应填入由动词转化来的名词，其余备选名词均不符合，故排除。答案：A)cheaper更便宜详解形容词辨析题空格前是动词可以填入名词作宾语但备选名词均不符合此处句意而get也可以作为系统词后面跟形容词作表语因此此处应填入形容词此处意为随着太阳能电池板变得 世界上有可能会看到更多被太阳能电池板覆盖的摩天大楼本段第一句提到这种绿色建筑未必划算而本句又提到以后会有更多太阳能电池板覆盖的摩天大楼说明太阳能电池板的成本会降低故答案为A)cheaper更便宜太阳能电池板本身就是清洁能源，不可能“更清洁”，因此排除B)cleaner。答案：J)height高度详解名词辨析题空格前是介词后面应该跟名词或动名词备选项中没有动名词因此空格处应填入名词。本句意为想象这样一个世界建造最高的摩天大楼不再是一个关于 的竞赛而是一个关于收集最多太阳能的竞赛由空格前的tallest可知摩天大楼比的是高度因此本题答案为J)height高度其余备选名词均不符合此处句意，故排除。SectionB全文翻译：一些大学生对他们必须付费做作业感到气愤80155美元之间不等——可以让学生在网络上使用由麦格劳希（40）3公共利益研究集团高等教育倡导者伊桑·BuzzFeed新闻说道。120250美元（印刷课本的价格），”斯奈克说道。“但是因为全部数字化，这就淘汰了旧书市场，消除了任何形式的共享。而且由于作业和考试是通过一个访问代码进行的，所以也消除了任何不参与其中的可能。”萨日娜·192015年刚上大学时面临着进退两难的处境—BuzzFeed新闻说，她大一的化学课要求她使用由麦格劳·希尔公司提Connect120美450美元买课本，而且很快又要交房租了。（43）150200美元，用这笔钱来支付这个代码。她知这些访问代码或许又是一笔让学生头疼的财务问题，但是对教科书企业来说，它们才是未来。（39）麦格·21%32015年时首次超过了印刷品的售。该公司称，20151.445%“来自数字产品”。BuzzFeed新闻，“数字材料更便宜，是很好的投资”，它可以提供新的特色，（42）60%的麦格劳8月份时告诉《金融时报》，“在高等教育中，印刷教材的时代现在已经结束了。”·BuzzFeed新闻。“它以印刷作业任务无法实现[M]Harper[M]Harpera家禽majoristakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan’tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.38.Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.译文：如果学生重修一门课程，那么他们可能不得不购买一个新的访问代码来提交作业。定位：由题干中的takesacourseagain和buyanewaccesscode定位到原文画线处。大卫BuzzFeed新闻说。他明白使用这些需要访问代码的系统的功用。但是，他没有要求他的学生们购买控制课程作专业知识最能带给学生益处的地方。”20BuzzFeed500美元至600美元.（36）序的访问代码上花费了900美元3050L)（41）本杰明19BuzzFeed他购买的很多代码仅被要求用来完BC500美元。（38）哈珀学的是家禽科学专业，今年要重修化学，她不得不买一个新的访问代码来提交家庭作业。她租20美元。但是，她用来交作业的访问代码既不能租，也不能买二手的，这才12085美元。她仍记得第一次因为价格太高而没有交作业所经历的那种刺痛。“我们其实没有一个漏交作业的规定，”详解详析：[K]A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn’trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.[K]A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn’trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That’stwomonthsofrent,”shesaid.“Youcan’tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-50$andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester’sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you’reoutofthatmoney.”36.Astudent’syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.译文：学生每年在访问代码上的花费可能相当于他们两个月的房租。定位：由题干中rent和twomonths定位到原文画线处。[D]“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly（垄断）,anewwayto[D]“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly（垄断）,anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,”saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you’repaying$120,”saidSenack.“Butbecausealldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.”37.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.译文：线上访问代码可以被看作是一种将捆绑在数字系统上的方式。定位：由题干中的awaytotiethestudents定位到原文画线处。BuzzFeedtiethestydentstothedigitalsystemlockstudentsaroundthissystemD)。[F]Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It’sabalancingact,”43.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.译文：一名学生决定在收到她的兼职工资后再购买[H]APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn’trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.”42.Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.译文：据一个出版商称，学生在数字材料商花费不到传统印刷书本一半的价格。Digitalmaterials[F]Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It’sabalancingact,”43.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.译文：一名学生决定在收到她的兼职工资后再购买[H]APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn’trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.”42.Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.译文：据一个出版商称，学生在数字材料商花费不到传统印刷书本一半的价格。Digitalmaterialstraditionalprintedbooks定位到原文画线处。[L]BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it’sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework.”Manyoftheaccesscodeshe’spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit’sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass,”hesaid.“You’repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrade—butifyoudidn’thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.”Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.41.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.定位：由题干中的student和thehightuition定位到原文画线处。[B]Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartherwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.40.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.译文：很多传统教材出版商现在提供线上数字产品，他们认为这些产品是出版行业的未来。定位：由题干中的textbookpublishers、offeringonlinedigitalproducts和future定位到原文画线处。[G]Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they’rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts.”39.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.译文：麦格劳·希尔公司占大学教材市场份额的五分之一以上。McGrawHill和themarketshareofcollegetextbooks定位原文画线处。21%希尔公司占大学教材市场accountsforcontrols；overone-fifth21%的同义转述，故答G)。onlinedigitalproducts对应原文中的newonlineofferings；bethefuturerepresentthefutureB)。详解：L)段首句提到，本杰明·BuzzFeed新闻说，“这太可笑了，我们已经付了好几万的学费，OnestudentBenjaminWolverton;complainedthehightuitionridiculousthattensofthousandsintuition，题干是对定位句的同义转述，L)。60%coststudentslessthanhalfthepricesavestudentsupto60%;apublisherPearsonH)。shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?”Shedidn’thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedhershesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?”Shedidn’thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.访问代码。定位：由题干中的thepayforherpart-timejob定位到原文画线处。[J]DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn’trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,”saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI’mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsmost.”44.Onlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents.译文：线上系统可能会剥夺老师们充分利用专业知识为学生服务的机会。定位：由题干中的Onlinesystems和expertise定位到原文画线处。150200hepayforherpar-meobwor-sudypa[J]DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossits