四川省达州市部分学校2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1四川省达州市部分学校2024-2025学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AG8388High-speedTrainTour:ExploretheYangtzeRiverBasicInformationTrainRouteLength:1,288kilometersTime:10:27a.m.—18:36p.m.DepartureandArrival:DepartsfromShanghaiRailwayStationandarrivesatShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStationRichAttractionsAlongtheway,therailrouteprovidesaccesstorichhistoricalsites,scenicmountains,andancientculturesincludingclassicalgardens,Yangshan(thehometownofhoneypeaches),HuangshanMountain,QiandaoLake,WestLake,andtheonlypreservedfishingvillageinShanghai.Theseplacesarefamousbothathomeandabroad.PopularitySinceitslaunchonJune15th,untilSeptember9th,about349,000passengershavetakenthistrain.Evenafterthesummertravelpeak,thetrainisstillalmostfullybooked.ConvenientServicesforForeignPassengersPolicySupport:AsChina'stourismmarketkeepsgettingbetter,withmoreinternationalflightsandthestartofthe144-hourvisa-freetransitpolicy,lotsofforeignpassengerspickthistrain.StationAssistance:ShanghaiRailwayhasvolunteerswhocanspeaktwolanguages.Attheticketwindowsandentrances,thereareinformationboards.Thereisalsoaspecialwindowforcheckingpassports.ForeignpassengerscanuseWeChatandAlipaytopayatticketwindowsandinstationshops.Sotheycanbuythingseasilywiththeirforeignbankcards.1.HowlongdoesthetraintravelfromShanghaiStationtoHongqiaoStation?A.About12hours. B.About8hours.C.About144minutes. D.About349minutes.2.Whichkindofpaymentcanbeacceptedifforeignpassengersbuytraintickets?A.Cashonly. B.Creditcardsfromlocalbanks.C.WeChatandAlipay. D.Specialforeignpaymentapps.3.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Asciencemagazine. B.Ageographybook.C.Asportsnewspaper. D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了G8388高速列车之旅，包括基本信息（如路线长度、发车和到达时间）、沿途丰富的景点（包括历史遗址、风景名胜和文化古迹等）、列车的受欢迎程度以及为外国乘客提供的便利服务。这篇文章旨在向潜在游客展示这条旅游线路的魅力，并提供实用的旅行信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“BasicInformation”部分的“Time:10:27a.m.—18:36p.m.(时间：上午10点27分至下午18点36分)”可知，从上海站到虹桥站乘火车需要大约8小时。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“ConvenientServicesforForeignPassengers”部分的“ForeignpassengerscanuseWeChatandAlipaytopayatticketwindowsandinstationshops(外国乘客可以使用微信和支付宝在售票窗口和车站商店付款)”可知，外国乘客可以使用微信和支付宝在售票窗口和车站商店付款。由此可知，如果外国乘客购买火车票，可以接受微信和支付宝支付。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据“G8388High-speedTrainTour:ExploretheYangtzeRiver(高速列车之旅：探索长江)”、“BasicInformation(基本信息)”、“RichAttractions(丰富的景点)”、“Popularity(受欢迎程度)”、“ConvenientServicesforForeignPassengers(为外国乘客提供的便利服务)”可知，文章主要介绍了探索长江之旅的基本信息、丰富的景点以及为外国游客提供的便利服务。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能来自一本旅游手册。故选D项。BMyfamilyfirstmovedtoColorado22yearsago.LosAngeleswastooexpensiveanditwasdifficulttofindwell-payingjobsandaffordablehousing.Coloradobecameournextdreamplace.SettlingintoasmalltownintheFrontRange,myparentsfoundhardjobs.Growingupinthissmalltown,Iremembermyparentsworkinghardtogetpastthelanguagebarrier.Mymom,especially,triedherbesttoensuresheknewallthatsheneededtoknowaboutlikemyparent-teachermeetingsandextracurricular(课外的)activities.OneofthoseextracurricularactivitiesthatIsignedupforwasfootball.Atthatage,footballwascoolandall,butIwasmoreintoplayingPokémonandothervideogames.Footballdidn’tdrawmein.Bigfootballtournaments(联赛)wouldcomearoundliketheWorldCup,theCopaAméricaandtheGoldCup,andtheMexicanNationalTeamwouldplayinthesetournaments.Iwouldsitthereinourlivingroomandunmindfullywatchthegameswhilemyparentswouldgocrazywithenthusiasm(热情).Iwouldsitthereandplaymygame.MydadwouldlookoverandtellmethatIshouldbepayingattentioncarefullytothegameandthatIshouldcaremoreaboutwhetherMexicowouldwinthematchthanmyvideogames.Bothofmyparents’workspaceswerecrowded(占满的)withotherworkers.MymomworkedwithpeoplefromalloverLatinAmerica.Everyone’stopicofchoiceatworkwouldalwaysturntohowtheirnationalfootballteamwasdoing.Itwasawaytoshowprideinthecountrieswheretheyhadgrownup.Igrewuplovingfootballmoreandmore.ThemoreIlearnedaboutmyMexicanroots(根),themoreItriedtofindwaystoexpressprideinthemintheUnitedStates.4.Whydidtheauthor’sfamilymovetoColorado?A.Tomakeabetterlife.B.Toattendmoreactivities.C.Tofollowtheirfootballdream.D.Toreceiveabettereducation.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutfootballatfirst?A.Itwasamazing. B.Itwasimportant.C.Itwasuninteresting. D.Itwasdifficult.6.Whatwouldtheauthor’sfatherdowhenwatchingfootballgames?A.Remindtheauthortowatchthemcarefully.B.Playvideogameswiththeauthor.C.LearnEnglishintheirlivingroom.D.Guesswhowouldbethewinner.7.Theauthor’smomandherworkmatestalkedaboutfootballinorderto_________.A.buildacloserfriendshipB.expresstheirhomesicknessC.shareacommontopicD.showtheirprideintheirmotherlands【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者通过讲述自己的家庭与足球之间的故事，展示了足球背后所蕴含的文化意义。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“LosAngeleswastooexpensiveanditwasdifficulttofindwell-payingjobsandaffordablehousing.Coloradobecameournextdreamplace.(洛杉矶的物价太高，很难找到高薪的工作和负担得起的住房。科罗拉多成为我们下一个梦想之地。)”可知，作者心目中的“梦想之地”科罗拉多相对于洛杉矶，物价不是那么高，能找到相对好一点的工作，住房也能负担得起，作者一家搬到科罗拉多州是为了生活得好一些。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Atthatage,footballwascoolandall,butIwasmoreintoplayingPokémonandothervideogames.Footballdidn’tdrawmein.(在那个年纪，足球很酷，但我更喜欢玩《口袋武士》和其他电子游戏。足球没有吸引我。)”可知，一开始的时候作者对足球并不是很感兴趣。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“MydadwouldlookoverandtellmethatIshouldbepayingattentioncarefullytothegameandthatIshouldcaremoreaboutwhetherMexicowouldwinthematchthanmyvideogames.(我爸爸会过来看着我，告诉我，我应该仔细关注比赛，我应该更关心墨西哥是否会赢得比赛，而不是我的电子游戏。)”可知，每当有足球比赛的时候，作者的父亲就会提醒他认真观看比赛。故选A项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“MymomworkedwithpeoplefromalloverLatinAmerica.Everyone’stopicofchoiceatworkwouldalwaysturntohowtheirnationalfootballteamwasdoing.Itwasawaytoshowprideinthecountrieswheretheyhadgrownup.(我妈妈和来自拉丁美洲各地的人一起工作。每个人在工作中选择的话题总是会转向他们的国家足球队表现如何。这是他们为自己成长的国家感到骄傲的一种方式。)”可知，作者的母亲与同事们谈论足球，表达了各自对祖国的自豪感。故选D项。CHaveyoubeenexercisingandeatinghealthy,butwhenyousteponthescale,itsaysyou’vegainedafewpounds?“That’snormal,anditdoesn’tmeanthatyourworkoutsarenoteffective”,saysJeffreyA.Dolgan,anexercisephysiologistinMiamiBeach,Florida.“Aperson’sscalemass(质量)isacombinationofmuscle,fat,bone,blood,andeventheairthatwecarryinourlungs,”hesays.“Immediatelyafteraworkoutroutine,thepercentageofmassineachbodypartcanshiftasmuchas15percent.Soifyou’regainingweightwhileworkingoutandeatinghealthy,it’sprobablynotthetypeofweightgainthatyouthinkitis.Thescalecan’ttellyouhowmuchofyourbodyweightismuscleorfat,whichmeansifyourgoalistoimproveyourfitnesslevel,thescaleisnotthebesttoolformeasuringimprovements.Whenyoustarttochangeyourbodycompositionwithyourworkouts—bybuildingmoremusclemassanddecreasingyourbodyfat—yourscaleweightmayincrease,whileyourbodyfatpercentagemaydecrease.Thesechangeshappenoverweeksandmonths(nothoursordays)sothescaleisuselesswhentrackingthem.Youmayarguethatyouweighafewpoundslessafterahighintensity(强度)trainingclass.Don’tgettooexcited—it’sjustwaterlossduetosweat.Watermakesupapproximately65to90percentofaperson’sweight,andvariationinwatercontentofthehumanbodycanmovethescalebytenpoundsormorefromdaytoday.Soignorethescaleandpaymoreattentiontoobjectivemeasurementtoolslikebodycomposition.Keepinmindthatifyou’reexercisingbutgainingweight,youmayactuallylookslimmer.8.WhatcanweknowfromDolgan’swordsfromparagraph2?A.Yourweightchangeslittleduringaday.B.Yourscalemassisaffectedbymanyfactors.C.Yourworkoutisnoteffectiveifyougainweight.D.Yourweightisdeterminedonlybymuscleandfat.9.Whatwillmostprobablyhappenafteryouexerciseandeathealthyfor3months?A.Youwillweighmore.B.Yourmusclemasswilldecrease.C.Yourbodyfatwillincrease.D.Yourbodycompositionwillchange.10.Howmuchwatermayamanweighing150poundshaveinhisbody?A.30pounds. B.60pounds.C.100pounds. D.140pounds.11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyDoWeGainWeight?B.HowtoWorkOutEffectively?C.WhatIstheCompositionofOurBody?D.WhyDoesMyWorkoutCauseWeightGain?【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了在坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食的同时，体重不降反增的原因。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句““Aperson’sscalemass(质量)isacombinationofmuscle,fat,bone,blood,andeventheairthatwecarryinourlungs,”hesays.(他说：“一个人的体表质量是肌肉、脂肪、骨头、血液，甚至是我们肺中携带的空气的组合。”)”可知，体重是肌肉、脂肪、骨骼、血液甚至肺里空气的质量总和。由此可推知，体重受多种因素影响。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Whenyoustarttochangeyourbodycompositionwithyourworkouts—bybuildingmoremusclemassanddecreasingyourbodyfat—yourscaleweightmayincrease,whileyourbodyfatpercentagemaydecrease.(当你开始通过锻炼来改变你的身体组成——通过增加更多的肌肉量和减少体脂——你的体重可能会增加，而体脂率可能会降低。)”可推知，在坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食后，最有可能发生的是你的身体组成会发生变化。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Watermakesupapproximately65to90percentofaperson’sweight(水大约占一个人体重的65%到90%)”可知，人体的含水量约占人体体重的65%到90%。由此可知，体重150磅的人体内含水量应在(150×65%=97.5)磅至(150×90%=135)磅之间。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Haveyoubeenexercisingandeatinghealthy,butwhenyousteponthescale,itsaysyou’vegainedafewpounds?“That’snormal,anditdoesn’tmeanthatyourworkoutsarenoteffective”,saysJeffreyA.Dolgan,anexercisephysiologistinMiamiBeach,Florida.(你是否一直在锻炼，饮食也很健康，但当你站在秤上时，秤上显示你胖了几磅？“这很正常，这并不意味着你的锻炼没有效果，”佛罗里达州迈阿密海滩的运动生理学家JeffreyA.Dolgan说。)”和第二段的“Immediatelyafteraworkoutroutine,thepercentageofmassineachbodypartcanshiftasmuchas15percent.Soifyou’regainingweightwhileworkingoutandeatinghealthy,it’sprobablynotthetypeofweightgainthatyouthinkitis.(在例行锻炼后，身体各个部位的质量百分比会立即发生15%的变化。所以，如果你在锻炼和健康饮食的同时体重增加，这可能不是你想的那种类型的体重增加。)”可知，文章主要分析了坚持锻炼并进行健康饮食后体重不降反增的原因。D项“WhyDoesMyWorkoutCauseWeightGain?(为什么我锻炼后体重反而增加了？)”能概括文章主要内容，最适合作本文标题。故选D。DIntheancientwalledcityofSana’a,mud(泥)skyscrapersrisehighintothesky.Thetoweringstructuresarebuiltentirelyoutofearthanddecoratedwithamazinggeometricpatterns.ThelocalmudarchitectureissouniquethatthecityhasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.EventhoughthebuildingsinSana’aarethousandsofyearsold,theancientstructuresarestillinhabitedtodayandmostremainprivatehouses.Itiseasytoseewhythesemudbuildingshavenotlosttheirappeal—theyarewell-insulated(隔热的),sustainableandextremelyadaptableformodernuse.“Itisthearchitectureofthefuture,”saysDamluji,co-founderoftheMudBrickArchitectureFoundation.Architectsaroundtheworldarereviving(复兴)raw-earthconstructionastheyseektoconstructsustainablebuildingsthatcansurviveextremeweathereventssuchasflashfloodsandintenseheat.Couldthisancientformofarchitectureinfluencethedesignofourfuturehomes?Theconstructionindustryaccountsfor38%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Thebuildingsectorhasanimportantroletoplayiftheworldistomeetthegoalofreachingnetzeroby2050.Concrete,acommonmodernconstructionmaterial,hasahugecarbonfootprint.Replacingconcretewithlesspollutingmaterialsisimportanttoachievingourclimategoals,scientistswarn.Theancientmaterial,mud,couldbetheperfectsustainablereplacementforconcrete,accordingtoDamluji.Constructingwithmudhasaverylowimpactontheenvironmentandthematerialitselfisfullyrecyclable.Shesays,“Ifyouwanttopulldownawallorchangethedesign,youcanrecycleallthematerials.”Anaddedbenefitisthatmudbuildingsarewarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.Thisreducestheneedforairconditioningunits,whichconsumelargeamountsofelectricityandcontainrefrigerants(制冷剂)thatmakeupgreenhousegasemissions.Mudstructuresarealsoincrediblystrongandresistanttoextremeweather,suchasheatwaves,floodsanddroughts,whichscientistssaywillbecomemorefrequentandintenseastemperaturescontinuetorise.Therefore,peoplewhowishtoliveinamodern,comfortablehomeshouldconsideronemadeofmud.Overall,itmakesforhighlyadvancedaswellassustainabledesign.12.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmudmaterialsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanreducethechanceofextremeweatherevents.B.Theycanbeidealforsustainableconstructionofthefuture.C.Theymightproducealotofgreenhousegasemissions.D.Theymightcausesubstantialtemperaturechanges.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mudmightbeanimportantsolutiontotheclimatecrisis.B.Rebuildingmudconstructionwouldtakegreatefforts.C.Mudhasbecomearchitects’favouritebuildingmaterial.D.ThemudbuildingsinSana’aarenolongersuitabletolivein.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsraw-earthconstructioninthebuildingindustry?A.Cautious. B.Indifferent. C.Critical. D.Supportive.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HistoricCitiesMarkHumanCivilization B.ConstructionIndustryThreatensClimateGoalsC.ModernArchitectureSurvivesExtremeWeather D.AncientMaterialMakesforFutureHouseDesigns【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萨那古城中独特的泥制建筑，包括其历史、特点、优势以及在现代建筑中的潜在应用。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itiseasytoseewhythesemudbuildingshavenotlosttheirappeal—theyarewell-insulated(隔热的),sustainableandextremelyadaptableformodernuse.“Itisthearchitectureofthefuture,”saysDamluji,co-founderoftheMudBrickArchitectureFoundation.(不难理解为何这些泥制建筑仍未失去其魅力——它们隔热性好、可持续性强，且非常适合现代使用。“这是未来的建筑，”泥砖建筑基金会联合创始人Damluji说道)”可知，泥土材料被视为未来可持续建筑的潜在选择。故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Theancientmaterial,mud,couldbetheperfectsustainablereplacementforconcrete,accordingtoDamluji.Constructingwithmudhasaverylowimpactontheenvironmentandthematerialitselfisfullyrecyclable.(Damluji认为，古老的泥土材料可能是混凝土的理想可持续替代品。用泥土建造对环境的影响非常小，且材料本身完全可回收)”以及“Anaddedbenefitisthatmudbuildingsarewarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.Thisreducestheneedforairconditioningunits,whichconsumelargeamountsofelectricityandcontainrefrigerants(制冷剂)thatmakeupgreenhousegasemissions.Mudstructuresarealsoincrediblystrongandresistanttoextremeweather,suchasheatwaves,floodsanddroughts,whichscientistssaywillbecomemorefrequentandintenseastemperaturescontinuetorise.(另一个好处是，泥制建筑在冬天保暖、夏天凉爽。这减少了空调设备的需求，而空调设备会消耗大量电力，并含有构成温室气体排放的制冷剂。泥制建筑还极其坚固，能够抵御热浪、洪水和干旱等极端天气，科学家表示，随着气温持续上升，这些极端天气将变得更加频繁和剧烈。)”可知，文章中提到泥土建筑是可持续的，且用泥土建造对环境的影响非常小，材料本身完全可回收。此外，泥制建筑在极端天气下表现出色，且能减少空调设备的需求，从而降低温室气体排放。这些都表明泥土是一种应对气候危机的潜在解决方案。故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore,peoplewhowishtoliveinamodern,comfortablehomeshouldconsideronemadeofmud.Overall,itmakesforhighlyadvancedaswellassustainabledesign.(因此，希望住在现代、舒适住宅中的人应考虑泥制住宅。总的来说，它实现了高度先进且可持续的设计。)”以及全文内容可知，作者提到了生土建筑的多个优点，如可持续性、低环境影响、材料可回收性以及在极端天气下的出色表现等。这些描述都表明作者对生土建筑持支持态度。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Architectsaroundtheworldarereviving(复兴)raw-earthconstructionastheyseektoconstructsustainablebuildingsthatcansurviveextremeweathereventssuchasflashfloodsandintenseheat.Couldthisancientformofarchitectureinfluencethedesignofourfuturehomes?(随着世界各地建筑师寻求建造能够抵御洪水肆虐和酷暑等极端天气的可持续建筑，他们正在复兴生土建筑。这种古老的建筑形式能否影响我们未来住宅的设计呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了古老的泥土材料如何成为未来可持续建筑的理想选择，并详细描述了其优点和在现代建筑中的应用潜力。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtoenhanceyourimmunityduringthewintermonths?Asthetemperaturesdropandfluandcoldseasonapproaches,weneedtostartthinkingaboutlookingafterourimmune(免疫)health.____16____.Getseventoninehourssleepeveryday.Thereisstrongevidencethatsleepenhancesimmunedefence.Trytoaimforbetweensevenandninehoursofgoodquality,restorativesleepeverynight.____17____.Developarelaxingbedtimeroutineandavoidscreentimearound90minutesbeforeyousleep.Spendmoretimewithothers.____18____.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritisvolunteeringinthecommunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,maintainingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.____19____.Regularexerciseimproveshearthealth,lowersbloodpressure,helpsmaintainhealthybodyweight,andprotectsagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.Avoidsmokingandreducealcohol.Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orextraalcoholconsumptionandbadimmune-relatedhealtheffectssuchasinabilitytopneumoniaiswelldocumented.____20____.Trytoavoidorreduceriskysubstancessuchasalcoholasthesehaveanegativeimpactonimmunehealth.A.BephysicallyactiveeverydayB.DomentalexerciseoccasionallyC.MakesurewhatyoueatishealthyenoughD.Relationshipsalsoplayasignificantroleinourwell-beingE.HerearesomewayswhichcanimproveourimmunesystemF.AvoidtakinginanysubstancethatmightbeharmfultothelungsG.Improvingsleepisrelatedtoyourroutinesandbedroomenvironment【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.A20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高免疫系统的方法。【16题详析】上文“Asthetemperaturesdropandfluandcoldseasonapproaches,weneedtostartthinkingaboutlookingafterourimmune(免疫)health.(随着气温的下降，流感和寒冷季节的临近，我们需要开始考虑照顾我们的免疫健康)”提到要照顾免疫健康，结合后文主要介绍了一些提高免疫系统的方法推知，空处指出有一些方法可以帮助提高免疫力。故E选项“这里有一些方法可以提高我们的免疫系统”符合语境，故选E。【17题详析】后文“Developarelaxingbedtimeroutineandavoidscreentimearound90minutesbeforeyousleep.(养成一个放松的睡前习惯，睡前90分钟不要看屏幕)”提到了养成好的睡前习惯，可知改善睡眠与生活习惯有关。故G选项“改善睡眠与你的日常生活和卧室环境有关”符合语境，故选G。【18题详析】根据后文“Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritisvolunteeringinthecommunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,maintainingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.(无论是在社区做义工、为年长的邻居购物、维护友谊，还是为朋友和家人腾出宝贵的时间，这都没有关系)”可知，后文列举了一系列社交活动，说明人际关系有助于人的幸福感受。故D选项“人际关系在我们的幸福中也扮演着重要的角色”符合语境，故选D。【19题详析】根据本段内容“Regularexerciseimproveshearthealth,lowersbloodpressure,helpsmaintainhealthybodyweight,andprotectsagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.(经常锻炼可以改善心脏健康，降低血压，帮助保持健康的体重，并预防各种疾病，包括病毒和细菌感染)”可知，本段给出的建议是经常锻炼，后文Regularexercise可对应到A选项physicallyactive。故A选项“每天运动”可以作为本段小标题，故选A。【20题详析】根据上文“Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orextraalcoholconsumptionandbadimmune-relatedhealtheffectssuchasinabilitytopneumoniaiswelldocumented.(吸烟和/或过量饮酒与免疫相关的不良健康影响（如不患肺炎）之间的关系已得到充分证明)”以及后文“Trytoavoidorreduceriskysubstancessuchasalcoholasthesehaveanegativeimpactonimmunehealth.(尽量避免或减少危险物质，如酒精，因为这些对免疫健康有负面影响)”可知，后文提到了避免饮酒，可知本句是在说明吸烟，故F选项“避免吸入任何可能对肺部有害的物质”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We’dalwayshadatraditionalfamilydinneratThanksgiving.Butoneyear,mysisterKarenarrivedhome,not____21____.Standingbyherwasanuntidy-facedguywearing____22____jeansandadiscoloredshirt.KarencheerfullyexplainedthatDavidwassomeoneshe’dmetafewdaysearlier.Hewasgoingthroughhardtimesandsometimesstoodoutsideherworkplace____23____changeformeals.Though____24____,myparentshadhimsitdownatthetable.Mymumstartedaskingquestions,Davidturnedouttobeacollegestudentwho____25____tocovercollegecostsandrent.He’d____26____hisapartmentandwaslivingoutofhiscar…Heansweredeveryquestionand____27____thankedmyparentsforlettinghimeatwithus.Finally,the____28____endedwhenmyfathersaid,“Bette,that’senough.Lethim____29____.”Weallatein_____30_____forthenextcoupleofminutes.Thenmydadasked,“David,howisyour_____31_____?”“Sir,thereissomenoise,butit’sokayfornow.It’s_____32_____ofyoutoask.”Mydadcontinued,“Let’scheckitoutbeforeyouleavesoyouare_____33_____ontheroad.”Inthefollowingyears,eachofuswas_____34_____toinvitesomeoneforThanksgivingdinner.Itwasawelcomenewtraditionforourfamily:theactof_____35_____notonlyfoodbutalsoourblessings.21.A.happy B.alone C.hungry D.well22.A.torn B.fancy C.tight D.new23.A.settingaside B.givingback C.takingout D.askingfor24.A.regretful B.doubtful C.disappointed D.frightened25.A.refused B.managed C.struggled D.promised26.A.givenup B.burntdown C.movedinto D.lookedfor27.A.suddenly B.hardly C.simply D.repeatedly28.A.dinner B.speech C.questioning D.meeting29.A.go B.try C.eat D.talk30.A.panic B.silence C.shame D.surprise31.A.college B.apartment C.work D.car32.A.kind B.polite C.wise D.brave33.A.safe B.calm C.fast D.confident34.A.taught B.forced C.forbidden D.encouraged35.A.improving B.sharing C.enjoying D.introducing【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.C29.C30.B31.D32.A33.A34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家在感恩节时接纳了一位处于困境中的大学生David，这一经历成为了家庭的新传统，即分享食物和祝福。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是有一年，我的姐姐Karen回到家，并不是独自一人。A.happy快乐的；B.alone独自的；C.hungry饥饿的；D.well身体健康的。根据后文“Standingbyherwasanuntidy-facedguy”可知后文提到站在她身边的是一个满脸不整洁的人，可推理出Karen不是一个人回来的，有另一个人和她一起。故选B项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：站在她身边的是一个满脸不整洁、穿着破旧牛仔裤和褪色衬衫的小伙子。A.torn破旧的；B.fancy华丽的；C.tight紧身的；D.new新的。根据下文“discoloredshirt”可知下文说的是褪色衬衫，可推理出这里形容小伙子穿着破旧。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他正在经历困难时期，有时会在Karen工作的地方外面乞讨食物。A.settingaside留出；B.givingback归还；C.takingout取出；D.askingfor请求，乞讨。根据“Hewasgoingthroughhardtimes”可知，他处于困境中，可推理出他乞讨食物。故选D项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然有所怀疑，我的父母还是让他坐在桌子旁。A.regretful后悔的；B.doubtful怀疑的；C.disappointed失望的；D.frightened害怕的。根据上文“Standingbyherwasanuntidy-facedguy”可知上文提到站在她身边的是一个满脸不整洁的人，可推理出虽然父母让他坐下，但是心里是有所怀疑的。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：原来David是一名大学生，他努力支付大学费用和房租。A.refused拒绝；B.managed设法做成；C.struggled挣扎，努力；D.promised承诺。根据上文“Hewasgoingthroughhardtimes”以及下文“covercollegecostsandrent”可知，他处于困境中，要支付学费和房租，可推理出他努力支付费用。故选C项。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他已经放弃了公寓，现在住在车里。A.givenup放弃；B.burntdown烧毁；C.movedinto搬进；D.lookedfor寻找。根据“waslivingoutofhiscar”可知，他住在车里，可推理出他放弃了公寓。故选A项。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他回答了每一个问题，并多次感谢我的父母让他和我们一起吃饭。A.suddenly突然；B.hardly几乎不；C.simply仅仅；D.repeatedly反复地。根据下文“thankedmyparentsforlettinghimeatwithus”可知下文说的是他感谢作者的父母允许他一同进餐，可推理出他多次感谢父母。故选D项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，当我的父亲说：“贝蒂，够了。让他吃饭吧。”时，提问结束了。A.dinner晚餐；B.speech演讲；C.questioning提问；D.meeting会议。根据上文“Mymumstartedaskingquestions”可知上文说的是妈妈开始问问题，可推理出这里是说提问环节结束了。故选C项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.go去；B.try尝试；C.eat吃；D.talk谈话。根据上文“thankedmyparentsforlettinghimeatwithus”可知上文说的是他感谢作者的父母允许他一同进餐，可推理出父亲不想再继续提问，让David开始吃饭。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几分钟里，我们都默默地吃东西。A.panic恐慌；B.silence沉默；C.shame羞愧；D.surprise惊讶。根据上文“Weallate”可知上文说的是我们都吃饭，可推理出大家都沉浸在这种温暖的氛围中，默默地吃饭。故选B项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我爸爸问：“David，你的车怎么样？”A.college大学；B.apartment公寓；C.work工作；D.car汽车。根据后文“Let’scheckitoutbeforeyouleave”可知下文说的是离开前进行检查，可推理出作者的爸爸关心的是他的车的情况。故选D项。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前还可以，你问这个问题真是太好了。A.kind善良的；B.polite礼貌的；C.wise明智的；D.brave勇敢的。根据后文“Let’scheckitoutbeforeyouleave”可知下文说的是离开前进行检查，可推理出爸爸关心David的车况，所以这里说爸爸很善良。故选A项。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你离开之前我们去检查一下，这样你在路上就安全了。A.safe安全的；B.calm冷静的；C.fast快速的；D.confident自信的。根据上文“Let’scheckitoutbeforeyouleave”可知上文说的是离开前进行检查，可推理出检查车况是为了让他在路上安全，故选A项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我们每个人都被鼓励邀请一个人参加感恩节晚餐。A.taught教；B.forced强迫；C.forbidden禁止；D.encouraged鼓励。根据下文“invitesomeoneforThanksgivingdinner.Itwasawelcomenewtraditionforourfamily”可知下文说的是邀请别人参加感恩节晚餐，这成为了家庭的新传统，可推理出此处说的是每个家庭成员被鼓励去邀请别人。故选D项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个行为不仅分享食物，还分享我们的祝福，是一种受欢迎的新传统。A.improving提高；B.sharing分享；C.enjoying享受；D.introducing介绍。根据上文“invitesomeoneforThanksgivingdinner”可知上文说的是邀请别人参加感恩节晚餐，可推理出这里强调分享食物和祝福。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Humanshavecreatedacolorfulglobalcivilizationthroughouttheirlongdevelopment,andthecivilizationofChinais_____36_____importantpartoftheworldcivilization.AsarepresentativefeatureofChinesecivilization,____37____(tradition)Chinesemedicine(TCM)isamedicalscience_____38_____wasformedanddevelopedinthedailylifeofthepeopleandintheirfightagainstdiseasesoverthousandsofyears.Ithasproducedapositiveeffect_____39_____thenation’sprosperity(繁荣)andtheprogressofhumancivilization.TCMhascreateduniqueviewsonfitness,ondiseasesandonthepreventionandtreatmentofdiseasesduringitslonghistory.Itrepresentsacombinationofnaturalandsocialsciences,includingprofoundphilosophical(哲学的)ideasoftheChinesenation.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,anumberofnationalandlocalnaturereserves(保护区)_____40_____(establish),andresearchhasalsobeenconductedontheprotectionofrareand_____41_____(endanger)Chinesemedicinalresources.TCMandWesternmedicinehavetheirdiverse_____42_____(strength),sotheycanworktogether_____43_____(protect)peoplefromdiseasesandimprovepublichealth.Ithasbeenspreadto183countriesandregionsaroundtheworldandhasbeenplaying_____44_____(it)partinpromotingworldpeaceand______45______(improve)thewell-beingofhumans.【答案】36.an37.traditional38.that/which39.on/upon40.havebeenestablished41.endangered42.strengths43.toprotect44.its45.improving【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中医作为中华文明的重要组成部分，其形成、发展、特点以及对人类文明的贡献，同时还提到了中医资源的保护以及中医与西医的合作。【36题详析】考查冠词。句意：人类在漫长的发展过程中创造了丰富多彩的全球文明，而中华文明是世界文明的重要组成部分。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词 important为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。【37题详析】考查形容词。句意：作为中华文明的代表性特征，中医（TraditionalChineseMedicine,TCM）是一门在人民数千年的日常生活和与疾病的斗争中形成并发展起来的医学科学。修饰名词medicine，需用形容词traditional作定语。故填traditional。【38题详析】考查定语从句。句意同上。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“amedicalscience”，关系词在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。【39题详析】考查介词。句意：对国家的繁荣和人类文明的进步产生了积极影响。空处为介词，构成短语：apositiveeffect

on/upon，意为“对……的积极影响”，符合句意。故填on或upon。【40题详析】考查动词时态语态。句意：自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，建立了许多国家和地方自然保护区，并对珍稀濒危中药资源的保护进行了研究。空处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949”可知，主句时态为现在完成时；主语为“anumberofnationalandlocalnaturereserves(保护区)

”，复数，和动词“establish”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填havebeenestablished。【41题详析】考查形容词。句意：自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，建立了许多国家和地方自然保护区，并对珍稀濒危中药资源的保护进行了研究。空处为形容词形式修饰空后的名词“resources”，意为“濒危的”。故填endangered。【42题详析】考查名词的数。句意：中医和西医各有优势，因此可以携手合作，保护人们免受疾病侵害，改善公共卫生。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据空前的“d