【高考新风向】专题一语法填空-无提示词语法填空1-英语二轮总复习讲义学生版

专题一语法填空无提示词语法填空——冠词、介词、代词【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空。本讲义着重讲解无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】无提示词的解题技巧“二步”准填无提示词第一步确定填哪类词第二步确定填什么词分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词1.填代词、副词、介词或冠词根据句子本身的含义2.填情态动词或助动词根据句子结构3.填连词根据上下两句的逻辑关系技巧1：如何确定填冠词【知识清单】1.不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：(1)泛指一类人与物，表示“一”的概念；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一。2.定冠词the分析句子结构，发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the用定冠词the的常考点：(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only,very,same等修饰的名词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在西洋乐器名词前，如piano,violin等；(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代。3.固定搭配中的冠词固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：atthesametime,onthecontrary,totellthetruth,inthedistancemakethemost/bestof,onthespot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catchacold,haveafever，allofasudden,asamatteroffact，asaresult,haveagiftfor，makealiving,givesbalift，haveagoodknowledgeof等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。(a,an,the)如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。【专项练习】1．TusaidinBeijing.Theprizewinningis________honorforChina’ssciencecauseandtraditionalChinesemedicineintheircourseofreachingouttotheworld.2．________eventinmylifethreeorfouryearsagomademeexaminemyownattitudestowardsalternativemedicine.3．Atthispoint,however,theuniqueculturethatproducedtheseman-madeobjectsremains________mystery.4．(2021·成都市一诊)Inthefilm,MichaelWood,oneofBBC’smostpopularhosts,visited________numberofChinesecitiestoretraceDu’ssteps.5．(2021·咸阳市一模)Beforeansweringthequestion,let’stake________lookatstudentsstudyinginChina.6．(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)Inasometimescallous(冷漠的)worldwherepeoplecanbesofocusedonwhatthey’redoing,arandomactofkindnesscanmake________difference.【高考真题】1.（2022年浙江1Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof________time,theyagreed.2.（2022新高考I卷）Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.3.（2022年新高考I卷）TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes______sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.（2022年全国乙卷）Tocelebrate______festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.5.（2022InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheldinBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.______friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.6..(2021·全国乙卷)Dueto____________growingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Theplumtreesare____________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.技巧2：如何确定填介词【知识清单】1.句意明，辨成分若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。(1)分析句子结构，发现空格放在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配。(2)分析句子结构，发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配。(3)分析句子结构，发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时，应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。2.介词多义看语境1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别(1)表示时间的in,on,at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。(2)表示方位的through和across①through表示“从……的内部穿过。②across表示“从……表面穿过。(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用……”的by,in,with①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(5)of表示所属关系，“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词2．注意常考介词的用法(1)表示“作为，用as，表示“为了，用for表示“来自，用from(2)with复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”中用介词with(3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者，用by(4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系thekey/answertothequestion,asolutiontotheproblem3.依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配，如：remindsbofsthꢀꢀ提醒某人某事robsbofsth抢劫某人某物gobackto/datefrom追溯至exchange...for...用……交换……runoutof用完accountfor占……比例；说明……的原因(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：byaccident偶然introuble陷入困境，陷入麻烦inspiteof尽管，虽然inturn依次，转而inreturn作为报答atrisk处于危险中onboard乘(飞机、船)onaverage平均(3)与形容词搭配，如：becuriousabout对……感到好奇beproudof因……而自豪berichin在……方面丰富(4)其他搭配，如：not...until...直到……才……from...to...从……到……between...and...在……和……之间【专项练习】1.Thecelebrationincludescongratulations________students,recommendingoutstandingteachers,theexchangeofideasamongteachers,andsoon.2.MasterpiecessuchasAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalwereprojectedontheroofs,givingvisitorsafeelinglikewalking________time.3.(2021·汕头市一模)Withinthesleepercarriage,____________littleelsetodo,peopletalkorplaycards,andsoonasmallcommunitydevelopsamongthepassengers.4.(2021·蚌埠市第四次质量检查)Accordingtosatellitemonitoringresults,theincreaseofvegetationinChinaaccounted____________25percentoftheworld’stotalnewgreenery.5.(2021·大连市二模)TheopeningofFASTnotonlyoffersmoreobservationpossibilitiestotheworld’sscientificcommunitybutalsocontributesChinesewisdom____________buildingacommunityofsharedfutureforhumanity.6.(2021·西安市模拟一)Morgansaysthatitistimethatpeoplestoppedstandingbyandrecordingontheirphoneswhentheyseesomeone____________trouble.7.(2021·南昌市二模)Overthelasttwomonths,severalgreatapesattheSanDiegoZoohavereceivedanexperimentalanimalCOVID－19vaccine(疫苗),becausetheyaremost____________riskandcanbeeasilyvaccinated.8.(2021·厦门市第二次质量检查)InSingaporethere’snobetterplacetofindChinesemedicinesthaninChinatown—acolorfulandlivelyplace,rich____________Chinesecultureandhistory.表示“有风险”为介词短语atrisk，在句中作表语。【高考真题】12022全国甲卷）Heflew4,700kilometers________Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.22022年新高考I卷）Giantpandasalsoserve______anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.3.（2022年全国甲卷）Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers______Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.42022年全国乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially______theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.52021年北京卷）Whileridinghisbikehome________acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.62021新课标II卷）Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.技巧3：如何确定填代词【知识清单】1.句意清，指代明无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it。(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。2.it的特殊用法(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。(2)分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑it。(3)it的常用固定句型：·Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分·It＋be＋形容词＋of/forsbtodosth·Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth·hate/like/enjoyitthat...讨厌/喜欢……·whenitcomesto...当谈到……·assbputsit正如某人所言·makeit成功注意：代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。【专项练习】1.Itwasworthit,though.Istillhavethatgoldenheaddress,as________remindsmeofthoseunforgettabledays.2.ShiYan,chiefoftheLiaoningUniversityofTCM,sayshesupportsinternationalstudentstoparticipateinsuchactivities,whichwillhelp____________combineknowledgetogetherwithculture.3.But____________wasnotonlyhersexthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsung.4.ThehistoryofBeijingglasswaredatesbacktotheearlyMingDynasty.____________issaidthatwhenpeoplesmelted(熔炼)bronze,theydiscoveredthatsomewastematerialscouldformbeautifulcolors.5．EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad,determinedtomake____________home.【高考真题】1.（2022年全国乙卷）TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening______(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.2.(全国卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusing________everyday.3.(浙江6月卷)ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap________canbetoeatout.专题一语法填空无提示词语法填空——冠词、介词、代词【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空。本讲义着重讲解无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】无提示词的解题技巧“二步”准填无提示词第一步确定填哪类词第二步确定填什么词分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词1.填代词、副词、介词或冠词根据句子本身的含义2.填情态动词或助动词根据句子结构3.填连词根据上下两句的逻辑关系技巧1：如何确定填冠词【知识清单】1.不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：(1)泛指一类人与物，表示“一”的概念；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一。2.定冠词the分析句子结构，发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the用定冠词the的常考点：(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only,very,same等修饰的名词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在西洋乐器名词前，如piano,violin等；(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代。3.固定搭配中的冠词固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：atthesametime,onthecontrary,totellthetruth,inthedistancemakethemost/bestof,onthespot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catchacold,haveafever，allofasudden,asamatteroffact，asaresult,haveagiftfor，makealiving,givesbalift，haveagoodknowledgeof等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。(a,an,the)如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。【专项练习】1．TusaidinBeijing.Theprizewinningis________honorforChina’ssciencecauseandtraditionalChinesemedicineintheircourseofreachingouttotheworld.2．________eventinmylifethreeorfouryearsagomademeexaminemyownattitudestowardsalternativemedicine.3．Atthispoint,however,theuniqueculturethatproducedtheseman-madeobjectsremains________mystery.4．(2021·成都市一诊)Inthefilm,MichaelWood,oneofBBC’smostpopularhosts,visited________numberofChinesecitiestoretraceDu’ssteps.5．(2021·咸阳市一模)Beforeansweringthequestion,let’stake________lookatstudentsstudyinginChina.6．(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)Inasometimescallous(冷漠的)worldwherepeoplecanbesofocusedonwhatthey’redoing,arandomactofkindnesscanmake________difference.【高考真题】1.（2022年浙江1Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof________time,theyagreed.2.（2022新高考I卷）Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.3.（2022年新高考I卷）TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes______sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.（2022年全国乙卷）Tocelebrate______festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.5.（2022InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheldinBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.______friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.6..(2021·全国乙卷)Dueto____________growingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Theplumtreesare____________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.技巧2：如何确定填介词【知识清单】1.句意明，辨成分若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。(1)分析句子结构，发现空格放在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配。(2)分析句子结构，发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配。(3)分析句子结构，发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时，应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。2.介词多义看语境1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别(1)表示时间的in,on,at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。(2)表示方位的through和across①through表示“从……的内部穿过。②across表示“从……表面穿过。(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用……”的by,in,with①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(5)of表示所属关系，“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词2．注意常考介词的用法(1)表示“作为，用as，表示“为了，用for表示“来自，用from(2)with复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”中用介词with(3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者，用by(4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系thekey/answertothequestion,asolutiontotheproblem3.依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配，如：remindsbofsthꢀꢀ提醒某人某事robsbofsth抢劫某人某物gobackto/datefrom追溯至exchange...for...用……交换……runoutof用完accountfor占……比例；说明……的原因(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：byaccident偶然introuble陷入困境，陷入麻烦inspiteof尽管，虽然inturn依次，转而inreturn作为报答atrisk处于危险中onboard乘(飞机、船)onaverage平均(3)与形容词搭配，如：becuriousabout对……感到好奇beproudof因……而自豪berichin在……方面丰富(4)其他搭配，如：not...until...直到……才……from...to...从……到……between...and...在……和……之间【专项练习】1.Thecelebrationincludescongratulations________students,recommendingoutstandingteachers,theexchangeofideasamongteachers,andsoon.2.MasterpiecessuchasAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalwereprojectedontheroofs,givingvisitorsafeelinglikewalking________time.3.(2021·汕头市一模)Withinthesleepercarriage,____________littleelsetodo,peopletalkorplaycards,andsoonasmallcommunitydevelopsamongthepassengers.4.(2021·蚌埠市第四次质量检查)Accordingtosatellitemonitoringresults,theincreaseofvegetationinChinaaccounted____________25percentoftheworld’stotalnewgreenery.5.(2021·大连市二模)TheopeningofFASTnotonlyoffersmoreobservationpossibilitiestotheworld’sscientificcommunitybutalsocontributesChinesewisdom____________buildingacommunityofsharedfutureforhumanity.6.(2021·西安市模拟一)Morgansaysthatitistimethatpeoplestoppedstandingbyandrecordingontheirphoneswhentheyseesomeone____________trouble.7.(2021·南昌市二模)Overthelasttwomonths,severalgreatapesattheSanDiegoZoohavereceivedanexperimentalanimalCOVID－19vaccine(疫苗),becausetheyaremost____________riskandcanbeeasilyvaccinated.8.(2021·厦门市第二次质量检查)InSingaporethere’snobetterplacetofindChinesemedicinesthaninChinatown—acolorfulandlivelyplace,rich____________Chinesecultureandhistory.表示“有风险”为介词短语atrisk，在句中作表语。【高考真题】12022全国甲卷）Heflew4,700kilometers________Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.22022年新高考I卷）Giantpandasalsoserve______anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.3.（2022年全国甲卷）Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers______Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.42022年全国乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially______theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.52021年北京卷）Whileridinghisbikehome________acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.62021新课标II卷）Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.技巧3：如何确定填代词【知识清单】1.句意清，指代明无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it。(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的