第12讲 名词性从句

/

第12讲

名词性从句

/高考链接考点解读实战演练答案速查【听】单句填空1.[2024·全国甲卷]

On

a

cool,

starry

night

in

mid-September

1870,

four

men

relaxed

before

a

campfire

along

the

Firehole

River

in

______

is

now

northwestern

Wyoming.what[解析]

考查宾语从句。此句为宾语从句，从句is前缺主语，指物，用what，并作介词in的宾语。故填what。2.[2024·浙江1月考]

If

most

of

their

customers

are

happy

to

buy

larger

quantities,

that's

______

they'll

promote.

But

that

leaves

the

solo

(单独)

customers

out

of

pocket

and

disappointed.what[解析]

考查表语从句。此句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

They

also

need

to

be

ready

to

give

interviews

in

English

with

international

journalists.

This

is

_____

they

need

an

English

trainer.why[解析]

考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句结构完整,故应该用连接副词,根据前文可知,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。4.[2021·北京卷]

The

poor

woman

wasn't

able

to

give

him

any

information

about

_______

she

lived.where[解析]

考查宾语从句。介词about后是宾语从句,从句中lived后缺地点状语,故填where。5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]

Going

to

Mount

Huangshan

reminds

me

of

the

popular

Beatles'

song

The

Long

and

Winding

Road.

______

is

so

breathtaking

about

the

experience

is

the

out-of-this-world

scenes.What[解析]

考查主语从句。此处是主语从句,从句缺少主语,且表示物，故用what引导。故填What。

在复合句中相当于名词的从句,称为名词性从句,主要分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四类。名词性从句的连接词及其用法如下表:类别连接词意义功能从属连词that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分类别连接词意义功能连接代词what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个主语、宾语、定语who(ever)(无论)谁主语、宾语、表语whom谁宾语whose谁的定语续表类别连接词意义功能连接副词when何时时间状语where哪里地点状语why为何原因状语how如何方式状语续表考点一

主语从句规则1

引导词主语从句的常见引导词有:(1)从属连词:

that,

whether,

if;(2)连接代词:

what,

which,

who,

whose,

whom,

whatever,

whichever,

whoever;(3)连接副词:

how,

when,

where,

why,

however,

whenever,

wherever。规则2

it作形式主语在通常情况下,that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型:(1)It+be+形容词+从句:It

is

necessary

that…有必要……It

is

important

that…重要的是……It

is

obvious

that…很明显……(2)It+be+过去分词+从句:It

is

believed

that…人们相信……It

is

known

to

all

that…众所周知……It

has

been

decided

that…已决定……(3)It+be+名词(短语)+从句:It

is

common

knowledge

that…

……是常识。It

is

a

surprise

that…令人惊奇的是……It

is

a

fact

that…事实是……(4)It+不及物动词(短语)+从句:It

appears

that…似乎……It

happens

that…碰巧……It

occurs

to

sb

that…

某人突然想起……It

doesn't

matter

whether…

……是否……没有关系。【技法训练一】1.______

upset

me

most

was

that

I

was

stuck

in

the

elevator

and

my

cellphone

was

dead.What[解析]

考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西”,应用what引导,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。2.It

is

_____

he

often

breaks

the

school

rules

_____

makes

his

class

teacher

unsatisfied

with

him.thatthat[解析]

考查主语从句和强调句。分析句子结构可知,第一个空引导的是主语从句，主语从句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引导。第二个空符合强调句句型:it

is+被强调部分+that+其他。该强调句是对主语从句“…he

often

breaks

the

school

rules”进行强调,故用that。故第一空填that,第二空也填that。考点二

宾语从句规则1

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有:(1)从属连词:that,

whether,

if;(2)连接代词:what,

who,

whose,

whatever,

whichever,

whoever等;(3)连接副词:when,

where,

why,

how等。规则2

宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He

asked

me

when

we

could

set

out

the

next

day.他问我我们第二天什么时候可以出发。规则3

宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She

says

(that)

she

works

from

Monday

to

Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she

says

(that)

she

will

leave

amessage

on

his

desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She

says

(that)

she

has

never

been

to

Mount

Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He

said

there

were

no

classes

yesterday

afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)［温馨提示］

引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略,但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略。The

teacher

said

(that)

the

text

was

very

important

and

that

we

should

learn

it

by

heart.老师说这篇课文非常重要,

我们应该把它背下来。(第二个that不能省略)【技法训练二】1.Desertification,

the

name

for

______

happens

when

land

that

can

be

used

to

grow

crops

turns

into

desert,

is

a

growing

world

problem.what[解析]

考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,for后接宾语从句,宾语从句缺少主语,根据句意可知,用what作主语。故填

what。2.Students

are

required

to

ask

their

parents

__________

they

can

go

on

the

school

trip,

and

they

are

also

responsible

for

giving

a

notice

in

advance

if

they

cannot.if/whether[解析]

考查宾语从句。“…they

can

go

on

the

school

trip”是宾语从句,从句成分完整,根据句意可知,空处表示“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。考点三

表语从句

在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样。表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as

if引导。No

changes

have

taken

place

in

the

village.

It

remains

what

it

used

to

be.这个村子一直未发生变化,它仍是过去的样子。The

reason

why

he

missed

classes

was

that

he

was

ill

in

hospital.他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。This

house

was

in

a

mess

and

looked

as

if

no

one

had

lived

in

it

for

many

years.这所房子一片狼藉,看起来好像很多年没人住过似的。【技法训练三】1.Sorry,

he

can't

go

with

you.

The

reason

is

_____

he

has

something

to

do

tomorrow.that[解析]

考查表语从句。空格处引导表语从句,从句中句子成分完整,应用只起连接作用、无实义的that引导。故填that。2.Actually,

girls

can

be

__________

they

want

to

be

just

like

boys,

whether

it

is

a

pilot,

an

astronaut,

or

a

manager.whatever[解析]

考查表语从句。根据句子结构可知,应填连接代词whatever引导表语从句,whatever同时在该从句中充当be的表语,意为“不管什么”。故填whatever。考点四

同位语从句

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact,

news,

idea,

truth,

hope,

problem,

information,

belief,

thought,

doubt,

promise,

question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词做进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。［温馨提示］

同位语从句的几种特殊情况:(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。The

thoughtcame

to

him

thatmaybe

the

enemy

troops

had

fled

the

city

before

they

entered

the

village.他突然想到,也许敌军在他们进入村庄之前已经逃离了这座城市。(2)表示“命令、要求、建议”的名词order,

demand,

suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。The

suggestion

thateveryone

(should)

make

efforts

to

beautify

our

campus

is

necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。【易混辨别】同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系that不作成分;起连接作用,不可省略作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且在从句中作宾语时可省略同位语从句定语从句whether/how不作成分;起连接作用,表示“是否”“如何”不引导定语从句wh-类连接词作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与所修饰的词之间无关作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分续表The

news

that

Mr

Li

will

be

our

new

English

teacher

is

true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师的消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省略)The

news

(that)

he

told

me

yesterday

is

true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,可省略)【技法训练四】1.The

fact

has

worried

many

scientists

_____the

earth

is

becoming

warmer

and

warmer

these

years.that[解析]

考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,对前面名词fact的内容进行解释,且从句不缺成分,故用连接词that。故填that。2.This

should

serve

as

a

warning

_____people

should

be

aware

of

their

surroundings,

especially

when

crossing

roads.that[解析]

考查同位语从句。此处引导同位语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实义的that引导。故填that。Ⅰ

单句填空1._____

he

lied

about

his

academic

background

at

the

interview

really

surprised

us

after

the

truth

came

out.That[解析]

考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引导。位于句首，首字母大写。故填That。2.The

truth

is

_____

we

are

lucky

enough

to

have

clean

water

whenever

we

want,

but

this

is

not

the

case

for

many

people

around

the

world.that[解析]

考查表语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分,且句意完整,故用连接词that引导表语从句。故填that。3.Reconstructing

the

works

of

the

craftsmen

from

ancient

times

can

reveal

_____

they

viewed

the

world

and

what

went

on

in

the

workshops

that

produced

them.how[解析]

考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,“…they

viewed

the

world”和“…what

went

on

in

the

workshops…”是两个并列的宾语从句,均为reveal的宾语,设空处引导的宾语从句中缺少方式状语,故用连接副词how“如何”引导宾语从句。故填how。4.Now

that

I

have

tried

my

best

in

the

English

contest,

it

doesn't

matter

much

to

me

______the

result

will

be.what[解析]

考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语,空格处引导主语从句,从句中缺少表语,句子表示“结果是什么样的对我来说不太重要”,因此用what引导主语从句。故填what。5.All

the

people

have

incredible

ideas

to

share,

but

what

matters

is

_________

we're

able

to

carry

them

out.whether[解析]

考查表语从句。此处表示“我们的不可思议的想法是否能够付诸实践”,故用whether引导表语从句,表示“是否”。故填whether。6.These

days,

teachers

have

been

sparing

no

effort

to

create

______

they

hope

will

be

the

best

means

to

improve

the

efficiency

of

online

teaching.what[解析]

考查宾语从句。此空引导宾语从句,在从句中充当谓语will

be的主语,故填what。7.To

be

honest,

I

am

not

the

person

deserving

the

honour;

it

should

be

given

to

_________

we

think

has

made

the

greatest

contribution.whoever[解析]

考查宾语从句。介词to后接宾语从句,从句缺主语,意为“无论谁,不管什么人”,故填whoever。8.As

many

as

five

courses

are

provided,and

you

are

free

to

choose

__________

suits

you

best.whichever[解析]

考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,前面as

many

as

five

courses给出了范围,此处表示“无论哪个”,故填whichever。9.What

the

doctors

really

doubt

is

_________

the

patient

will

recover

from

the

serious

disease

soon.whether[解析]

考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句,表示“是否”,只能用whether。故填whether。10.Doris'

success

lies

in

the

fact

_____

sheis

co-operative

and

eager

to

learn

from

others.that[解析]

考查同位语从句。空前为the

fact,后面的从句对前面的词进行解释,从句句意完整、成分齐全,故填that。11.______

remains

important

is

that

we

have

an

incredible

desire

to

think

and

create,

and

that's

the

real

spirit

of

invention.What[解析]

考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,指事物,应用what,且句首单词首字母大写。故填What。12.A

warm

thought

suddenly

came

to

me

_____I

might

use

the

pocket

money

to

buy

some

flowers

for

my

mother's

birthday.that[解析]

考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,对前面的名词thought进行解释说明,且从句不缺成分,故填that。Ⅱ

语法填空

[2024·广东广州高三三模]

The

Wuhan

silk

flower

is

a

famous

specialty

of

Hubei.

It

has

been

produced

and

sold

for

many

years

and

enjoys

a

high

reputation.12345678910

Over

the

past

hundred

years,

Wuhan

silk

flower

1._____________(adopt)

the

traditional

silk

flower

making

techniques

from

the

royal

courts.

It

draws

spirit

from

the

folk

silk

flower

making

techniques

throughout

China,

while

perfecting

2.______(it)

on

the

basis

of

the

traditional

flower

skills

that

have

been

known

far

and

wide

due

to

its

fine

workmanship.has

adopteditself12345678910

Silk

flowers

are

the

flowers

3._________(typical)

made

with

silk,

satin

and

other

high-grade

fabrics.

The

flowers

look

vivid

and

are

unique

handicrafts.

Whether

due

to

its

long

history

or

the

strong

4.___________(decorate)

effect,

silk

flowers

were

common

accessories

of

the

ancient

women.

Among

traditional

Chinese

skills,

making

flowers

5._____

fabrics

emerged

more

than

1,700

years

ago.

In

the

Tang

Dynasty,

it

was

recorded

6._____

women

wore

flowers

made

with

silk.typicallydecorativewiththat12345678910

The

silk

flower

7._______(artist)

in

Wuhan

have

handed

down

and

carried

forward

silk

flower

workmanship

from

generation

to

generation,

making

silk

flower

8.____

art

&

craft

specialty

with

local

characteristics.

The

varieties

of

the

flowers

9._______(make)

with

silk

include

peony,

rose,

Chinese

rose,

and

other

flowers

in

total

of

more

than

400

varieties.

The

finished

flowers

are

classified

into

inserted

flowers,

hat

flowers

and

more,

10._________(enjoy)

great

popularity

among

consumers.artistsanmadeenjoying【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武汉绢花，其制作历史悠久，其精湛的工艺在国内外享有盛誉。123456789101._____________has

adopted[解析]

考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合前面的over

the

past

hundred

years可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填

has

adopted。2.______itself[解析]

考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示使它自己变完美，作perfecting的宾语，应该填反身代词itself。123456789103._________typically[解析]

考查副词。修饰动词made，使用副词作状语，故填typically。4.___________decorative[解析]

考查形容词。修饰后面的名词effect，使用形容词作定语，故填decorative。5._____with[解析]

考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“使用……”，故填with。123456789106._____that[解析]

考查主语从句。此处是固定句型“It

is

+过去分词+that…”，故填that。7._______artists[解析]

考查名词复数。此处指武汉的绢花艺术家们，不止一位，且根据空后have可知应用复数形式，故填artists。8.____an[解析]

考查冠词。后面的art

&

craft

specialty是单数，且art的读音是元音音素开头，故填an。123456789109._______made[解析]

考查非谓语动词。make与前面的flowers之间构成动宾关系，表示被动意义，作后置定语，修饰前面的flowers，故填made。10._________enjoying[解析]

考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语是are

classified

into，由此可知，此处使用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是finished

flowers，二者之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式，故填enjoying。12345678910Ⅲ

语法与写作—名词性从句在写作中的运用1.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写]

________________________________________________________________________

he

was

ashamed

of

his

physical

condition.我突然意识到他对自己的身体状况感到羞愧。

It

sudd