2024-2025学年上海市浦东新区高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1上海市浦东新区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atarestaurant. B.Inapetshop.C.Ataclinic. D.Onaboat.【答案】A【原文】W:MayImakearecommendation,sir?Ourseafoodwiththisspecialsauceisverygood.M:Thankyou.ButmydoctorsuggestedthatIshouldn’teatanyseafoodrecently.Question:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?2.A.Thewoman. B.Thewoman’smother.C.Theman. D.Thechildren.【答案】A【原文】W:Wecaneithertakeourchildrenwithustothecinemaortomymother’shouse.M:Well.I’llleaveituptoyou.Question:Whowillmakethefinaldecision?3.A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient.C.Husbandandwife. D.Bossandsecretary.【答案】D【原文】W:Howareyougettingonwiththeschedules?M:I’vealmostfinishedthem,Mr.White.Ijusthaveoneortwomorenotestotype.Doyouhaveanythingelseformetodo?Question:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.A.Shewillgotoschoolintheman’scar. B.Shewilljoinhiminhisexerciseclass.C.Shewillgivethemanaride. D.Shewillrideherbicycletotheschool.【答案】D【原文】W:Iwilldrivetotheschooltoday.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:Thanks,butyoumaycyclewithme.Ibelieveexercisewilldoyougood.Question:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?5.A.Makeaplancarefully. B.Givehermoreinformation.C.Askmorepeopleforadvice. D.Buyagiftforhisfather.【答案】B【原文】W:Myfather’sbirthdayisroundthecorner,andI’mlookingforagiftforhim.Anysuggestions?M:Well,youhavetotellmesomethingaboutyourfather.Also,howmuchdoyouplantospend?Question:Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?6.A.Hedidn’ttellthewomanthetruth. B.Hedoesn’tkeephispromises.C.Hespendshissparetimegoingtoparties. D.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.【答案】B【原文】W:Johnsaidhewouldcometohelpwiththepreparationforthepartywhenhehadtime.M:Heoftensaysheiswillingtohelpbutheneverturnsup.Question.WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutJohn?7.A.Thewomanfeelssorryfortheman. B.Themanisamemberofthestaff.C.Thewomanisaskingthemantoleave. D.Theareaisforpassengersonly.【答案】C【原文】W:Excusemesir.You’renotsupposedtobehere.Thisareaisreservedforairportstaffonly.M:I’msorry.Ididn’tnoticethesign.Question:Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?8.A.Relieved. B.Confused. C.Annoyed. D.Sympathetic.【答案】C【原文】W:Tom,Iwishyouwouldkeeptheradioswitchedoff.Iamstrugglingonthepaperfortomorrow.M:Ihavetoldyourepeatedlynevertoleaveyourworktillthelastminute.Question.Howdoesthemanfeel?9.A.Turnthealarmoff. B.Movehisalarmfarther.C.Catchalaterbus. D.Gotobedearlier.【答案】B【原文】W:Imissedthebusagaintoday,becauseIturnedthealarmclockoffinmysleep.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.M:Tryputtingitfarenoughawayfromyourbedsothatyouhavetogetouttoturnitoff.Question:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?10.A.Thegirl’srequestwillbegranted. B.Thegirlisoutstandingintheclass.C.Thegirlhascompletedthecourse. D.Onlythegirltookthemake-upexam.【答案】A【原文】W:MayItakeamake-upexamformymath.OtherwiseIwon’tbeabletocompletethecourse.M:Allthemake-upexamswereheldlastweek,butyoursituationisquiteexceptional.Question.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheconversation?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。11.A.Becauseshewasn’tbeingtakenseriously.B.Becauseshedeservedrespectfromothers.C.Becauseshedressedimproperly.D.Becauseshewasnotcapableenough.12.A.Answeringquestionsreadily. B.Rewardingothersgenerously.C.Respectingothershighly. D.Expressingopinionsfrankly.13.A.Howtospeakyourmind. B.Wheretostartyourhonesty.C.Whattodotobecomepopular. D.Whomtotalktowhenyouwantto.【答案】11.C12.D13.A【原文】Ifyouaregoingtobeastraighttalker,youhavetobelievethatit’savirtue.Ifyouhaveanopinionandyoujuststateit,itallowstheotherpersontoeithertrytochangeyouropinionortoagreewithyou.Ifyouarequiet,peoplethinkyouagree.Howcanyouthenfurthertheconversationwhenyouhavedifferentopinionsandtheyarenotreallyexposed?Agreeingiseasy.Disagreeingtakesmorecourage.SeveralyearsbackwhenIwasCEOatAutodesk,therewasaveryseniorlevelwomanwhowasverysmartandwell-spoken,butshedidnotwearappropriateclothes.Itwasdistractingandshewasnotbeingtakenseriously.Isaidtohermanager,whowasmale,youneedtotellher.Hesaid,oh,noway.SoIcalledherinandfranklystatedwhatIthoughtwashappening.Itoldher,you’renotgettingtherespectyoudeserve,Isaid.Goandgetapersonalshopper.Justsay,I’maseniorbusinesspersonandneedhelpdressingappropriately.ShecamebackandhonesttoGod,itwasadifferentperson.Shesaidshefeltreallygoodandherpromotionwentwayup.Earlyinmybusinesscareer,ifpeopleaskedmeaquestion,I’dtrytoanswerithonestly,andthatwasrewarded.IhadmanagerswhowantedmearoundbecauseIwouldactuallytellthemwhatwashappening.Question:Whydothespeakerhaveatalkwithaseniorlevelwoman?Question:Whatmadethespeakerpopularwiththemanagers?Question:Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。14.A.Becauseitcanhelpavoidcropdiseases.B.Becauseitcanhelpimprovethequalityofcrops.C.Becauseitmaycontributetotheincreaseinpopulation.D.Becauseitmayimprovefarmingmethodsinthefuture.15.A.Climatechange. B.Appearanceofnewcrops.C.Lossofnormalgrowtharea. D.Poormanagementofland.16.A.Expandingfieldsforlargercropharvests.B.Fertilizingcropstofightagainstplantdiseases.C.Raisingpeople’sawarenessoftheneedforcropvariety.D.Applyingmodernfarmingmethodsinheavily-populatedareas.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】W:Agriculturalexpertssaycropvarietyisimportanttofeedtheincreasingpopulationofourplanet.Theysayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalsohelpstoprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.Hundredsofthousandsofdifferentplantsnowexist.Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.Oneoftheworld’slargestseedconservationprojectshaspredictedfurtherlosses.Expertswarnthatupto100,000plantspeciescouldpermanentlydisappear.Therichcollectionofgenesthatdecidetheirqualitieswoulddisappearwiththem.Manyexpertsblameclimatechangeandlossofnormalgrowthareafordamagingplantlife.Theysayhumanactivitiesandpoorlyplanned,overlyheavyuseoflandalsoareresponsible.TheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysmodernbusinessfarmingisresponsibleforlossoffarmers’traditionalcropvarieties.Thegreenrevolutionofthe20thcenturychangedagriculture.Someexpertssaytheuseofmoderncommercialfarmingmethodssavedmillionsofpeoplefromstarvation.Farmersplanted,wateredandfertilizedtheircropswiththehelpofmachines.Theytreatedtheirfieldswithchemicalstocontrolinsectsanddiseases.Harvestsgrewlargerandhigherquality.Butanotherresultwasthatsometraditionalcropswerelost.Anot-for-profitgroupbasedinUSAwasestablishedin1975tosaveandsharehighqualityseeds.Italsoworkstoeducatepeopleabouttheneedforgeneticvariety.Questions:1.Whyiscropvarietyimportant?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecauseofthedamagetoplantlife?3.Besidessavingseeds,whatactionisbeingtakentopreventthelossofcropvariety?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17.A.Chinese. B.Chineseculture. C.Architecture. D.French.18.A.ThecomingFebruary. B.Thecomingholidays.C.ThecomingAutumn. D.ThecomingDecember.【答案】17.A18.D【原文】M:YouareLindaPowellfromBritain,aren’tyou?Howdoyoudo?W:Howdoyoudo?M:Yes,Iam.Iregisteredforthissummercoursebyemailonthe15thofFebruary.AndareyouMr.Li?M:Yes,I’mtheteacherofthiscourse.You’rewelcometobeheretostudyChinese.W:Thanksalot.I’minterestedinChinesecultureverymuch.Bytheway,howmanystudentsarethereinaclass?M:Eachclasshasaregisterofeightstudents.Theycomefromdifferentcountries.W:That’stosay,Icanmakemanynewfriends.Ilikeit.M:Itwilltakeustwomonthstolearnthiscourse.WhenwillyouhavetoreturntoBritain?W:I’llbereturningtoLondoninthecomingDecember.Willyoubeattendingschoolatthattime?M:Yes,IhavetocontinuemylessonsatcollegeinLondon.M:Whatdoyoumajorinatyourcollege?W:Imajorinarchitecture.ThisisoneofthereasonswhyIwanttoknowmoreaboutChineseculture.M:Okay.Iquiteunderstand.AndIthinkyou’llgainalotinoursummercourse.Questions:Whatdoesthewomanliketolearninthesummercourse?Questions:WhenwillthewomandecidetogobacktoLondon?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AT-shirtseemslikeasimpleandordinaryitemofclothing,butbehinditliesacomplexandeye-openingstorywhenitcomes____19____environmentalprotection.Let’sstartfromtheverybeginning.Thecotton____20____(use)tomaketheT-shirtisgrowninlargefields.Farmersoftenrelyonalargenumberofchemicalfertilizersandpesticidestoensurehighyields.Thesechemicalsnotonlypollutethesoilandwaterbutalsoharmtheecologicalbalanceofthesurroundingareas.Beesandotherbeneficialinsects,____21____arecrucialforpollination(授粉),areaffected,andthebiodiversityoftheareadeclines.Afterthecottonisharvested,it____22____(send)toatextilefactory.Inthefactory,alotofwaterisconsumedintheprocessesofwashing,spinning,anddyeing.Thewastewaterisoftenfullofharmfulsubstancesinthedyeingprocess.____23____notproperlytreated,thiswastewaterwillflowintoriversandlakes,causingwaterpollution.OncetheT-shirtismade,itisshippedtovariouspartsoftheworld.Thetransportationprocess____24____(influence)significantlytheenvironmentsincethen.Trucks,ships,andplanesusedforshippingallconsumefossilfuelsandemitcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,____25____(contribute)toglobalwarming.WhenwebuyandweartheT-shirt,ourdailywashinghabitsalsohaveanimpact.EvenwhenwenolongerwanttoweartheT-shirt,____26____wedomattersafterthat.Ifitissimplythrownawayandendsupinalandfill,itwilltakealongtimetodecompose.However,ifwechoosetodonateitorrecycleit,itcanbegivenanewlife,reducingtheneedfornewT-shirts____27____(produce)andconservingresources.Inconclusion,thestoryofaT-shirtshowsusthateverystepinthelifecycleofaproducthasanimpactontheenvironment.Asconsumers,weshouldbemoreawareoftheseissuesandmakemoreenvironmentally-friendlychoice.Onlyinthisway_____28_____wecontributetotheprotectionofourplanet.【答案】19.to20.used21.which22.issent23.If24.hasinfluenced25.contributing26.what27.tobeproduced28.can【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章以T恤为例，阐述产品生命周期各环节对环境的影响。【19题详析】考查固定搭配。句意：一件T恤看似是简单平常的衣物，但当涉及到环境保护时，其背后有着复杂且令人大开眼界的故事。whenitcomesto...是固定搭配，意为“当涉及到……”。故填to。【20题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：用来制作T恤的棉花是在大片田地里种植的。“cotton”与“use”之间是被动关系，即棉花被用来……，用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“cotton”。故填used。【21题详析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：蜜蜂和其他对授粉至关重要的有益昆虫受到影响，该地区的生物多样性下降。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Beesandotherbeneficialinsects”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。【22题详析】考查时态和语态。句意：棉花收获后，被送到纺织厂。“it”指代“thecotton”，与“send”之间是被动关系，且描述一般生产流程，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语“it”是单数，be动词用is，“send”的过去分词是“sent”。故填issent。【23题详析】考查连词。句意：如果处理不当，这种废水会流入河流和湖泊，造成水污染。根据语境，这里表示假设，用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”首字母大写。故填If。【24题详析】考查时态。句意：从那时起，运输过程就对环境产生了重大影响。根据“sincethen”可知，用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Thetransportationprocess”是单数，助动词用has，“influence”的过去分词是“influenced”。故填hasinfluenced。【25题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：用于运输的卡车、轮船和飞机都消耗化石燃料，排放二氧化碳和其他温室气体，导致全球变暖。“Trucks,ships,andplanesusedforshippingallconsumefossilfuelsandemitcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases”这件事导致了“contributingtoglobalwarming”这个结果，主语与“contribute”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填contributing。【26题详析】考查主语从句引导词。句意：即使我们不再想穿这件T恤，之后我们的做法也很重要。“wedo”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的事情”。故填what。【27题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如果我们选择捐赠或回收它，它可以获得新生，减少对新T恤生产的需求并节约资源。“newT-shirts”与“produce”之间是被动关系，且表示将要，用动词不定式的被动形式“tobeproduced”作后置定语，修饰“newT-shirts”。故填tobeproduced。【28题详析】考查倒装句和情态动词。句意：只有这样，我们才能为保护我们的星球做出贡献。“Only+状语”位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将情态动词、助动词或be动词提前，根据语境，这里用can表示“能够”。故填can。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.illustrateB.experienceC.highlyD.perceivedE.variousF.eleganceG.identityH.symbolI.trackedJ.calmlyK.conceptWhenitcomestophysicalbeauty,differentcultureshavetheirownuniqueidealsthatareshapedbyavarietyoffactors,includinghistory,geography,religion,andsocialnorms.Beautyisa____29____thathasbeeninterpretedandredefinedthroughouthistoryandacrossvariouscultures.InWesterncultures,especiallyinmoderntimes,aslimfigurehasoftenbeen____30____asbeautyforwomen.Thisidealcanbe____31____backtotheinfluenceoffashionandmedia.Modelsandcelebritieswithslenderbodiesarefrequentlyfeaturedinmagazines,advertisements,andontherunway,settingastandardthatmanystrivetoachieve.Paleorfairskinwasonce____32____regardedinWesternhistory,asitwasasignofwealthandnobility,indicatingthatonedidnothavetoworkoutdoorsinthesun.However,inrecentdecades,tannedskinhasbecomeincreasinglypopular,seenasa____33____ofhealthandanactiveoutdoorlifestyle.Incontrast,manyAfricancultureshave____34____idealsofphysicalbeauty.Insometribes,afullerbodysizeisconsideredattractiveforwomen.Thisisbecauseitsignifiesprosperityand____35____.Forinstance,inpartsofNigeriaandSenegal,womenmay____36____specialritualsandconsumecertainfoodstogainweightinpreparationformarriage,asaplumpbodyisseenasadesirabletraitinawife.Inaddition,someAfricanculturesvalueuniquephysicalmarkingsandadornments(装饰品).Tattoos,scarification,andthewearingofelaboratejewelryandheaddressesareallwaystoenhanceone’sbeautyandexpressone’scultural____37____.Theseexamples____38____thattheconceptofidealphysicalbeautyisnotuniversalbutratherareflectionofthevaluesandtraditionsofeachculture.【答案】29.K30.D31.I32.C33.H34.E35.F36.B37.G38.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕不同文化中独特的审美观念展开，对比了西方文化和非洲文化里对身体美的不同认知，表明理想美是文化价值与传统的体现。【29题详析】考查名词。句意：美是一个在历史长河中、在不同文化里被不断诠释和重新定义的概念。根据后文“hasbeeninterpretedandredefinedthroughouthistoryandacrossvariouscultures”可知，这里描述的是“美”这一事物在不同时间和文化背景下的定义变化，所以“美”是一个抽象的“概念”。“concept”意为“概念”，符合语境。故选项K。【30题详析】考查动词的过去分词。句意：在西方文化中，尤其是在现代，苗条的身材常常被视为女性的美。结合西方现代文化的特点，“slimfigure”和“beautyforwomen”之间存在一种认知上的关联，“beperceivedas”是固定表达，意思是“被视为”，能准确表达出西方文化中人们对女性身材美的普遍认知。故选项D。【31题详析】考查动词的过去分词。句意：这种理想可以追溯到时尚和媒体的影响。由“theinfluenceoffashionandmedia”可知，这里要说明以苗条为美的审美观念和时尚、媒体影响之间存在时间上的溯源关系。“betrackedbackto”是固定短语，用于表示事物的起源，恰好能体现出这种审美理想的源头。故选项I。【32题详析】考查副词。句意：在西方历史上，白皙的皮肤曾被高度重视，因为它是财富和贵族的象征，表明一个人不必在户外阳光下劳作。根据“asitwasasignofwealthandnobility,indicatingthatonedidnothavetoworkoutdoorsinthesun”可知，在西方历史特定背景下，白皙皮肤代表着财富和贵族身份，所以受到很高程度的重视。“highly”作为副词，修饰“regarded”，表示重视的程度高。故选项C。【33题详析】考查名词。句意：然而，近几十年来，古铜色皮肤变得越来越受欢迎，被视为健康和积极户外生活方式的象征。“tannedskinhasbecomeincreasinglypopular”以及“healthandanactiveoutdoorlifestyle”表明，在当下西方文化中，古铜色皮肤和健康、积极户外生活方式之间有了一种象征联系。“asymbolof”表示“……的象征”，符合这种文化认知。故选项H。【34题详析】考查形容词。句意：相比之下，许多非洲文化有各种各样的身体美理想。通过“incontrast”可知，这里是将非洲文化和前文提到的西方文化进行对比，西方文化有特定的审美标准，而非洲文化的审美应该具有多样性。“various”意为“各种各样的”，能体现出非洲文化审美理想的丰富性。故选项E。【35题详析】考查名词。句意：这是因为它象征着繁荣和优雅。根据“afullerbodysizeisconsideredattractiveforwomen”和“itsignifiesprosperity”，结合非洲一些部落的文化背景，丰满身材除了象征繁荣，还应和一种美好的特质相关。“elegance”表示“优雅”，在这种文化中丰满身材能体现出繁荣与优雅的特质。故选项F。【36题详析】考查动词。句意：例如，在尼日利亚和塞内加尔的部分地区，女性可能会经历特殊的仪式，食用某些食物来增加体重，为婚姻做准备，因为丰满的身材被视为妻子的理想特质。从“specialritualsandconsumecertainfoodstogainweightinpreparationformarriage”可知，女性为了达到丰满身材以符合婚姻中的审美标准，会去做一些事情。“experience”有“经历”之意，“experiencespecialrituals”即经历特殊仪式，符合女性为婚姻做准备的行为逻辑。故选项B。【37题详析】考查名词。句意：纹身、割礼以及佩戴精致的珠宝和头饰都是增强个人美感和表达个人文化身份的方式。“uniquephysicalmarkingsandadornments”、“enhanceone’sbeauty”以及“cultural”等信息表明，非洲文化中这些独特的装饰和标记与文化相关，是用来表达个人与文化之间联系的。“culturalidentity”表示“文化身份”，人们通过这些方式来彰显自己所属的文化。故选项G。【38题详析】考查动词。句意：这些例子说明了理想身体美的概念并非普遍适用，而是每个文化的价值观和传统的反映。前文分别列举了西方和非洲文化中不同的审美例子，最后得出“theconceptofidealphysicalbeautyisnotuniversalbutratherareflectionofthevaluesandtraditionsofeachculture”这一结论，说明这些例子是用来支撑这个观点的。“illustrate”意为“说明，阐明”，能准确表达出例子和结论之间的关系。故选项A。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theterm“staycation”meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthantravelingtoanotherplace.Itisclosely____39____withlesspollution,savingmoneyandnotcontributingtotheoverwhelmingdisorderthattakesplaceinsomeoftheworld’smosttouristicareas.Theconceptofstaycationwasbornatthetimeofthe2008market____40____intheUnitedStates.Becauseofit,manyhouseholdswereforcedto____41____theirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.Theshortageofmoneytotravelabroadisattheoriginofwhymanypeoplestartedto(re)discovertheirmost____42____surroundings.Atthesametime,awarenessofthe____43____impactsoftourism,especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,startedtoincreasetoo.Andsodidtheperceptionthatsomeofthemaincities(abroad)areincreasinglyoverloadedwithpeople—withplacessuchasBarcelona,Venice,ortheSeychellesplanningon____44____atouristcap.Staycationappearslikeagreatsolutionforthe____45____abovementioned.Itisagreatwayofspendingjoyfulvacationswhilehelpingone’s____46____andtheenvironment.___47___.stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport.Apartfromthefinancial____48____gainedbyleavingbehindexpensiveplaneticketsorbynotbookinghotelroomsthataren’tcheap,staycationalsohasthebenefitofkeepingharmfulemissionintheground.39.A.connected B.announced C.packed D.protested40.A.surroundings B.version C.crisis D.guideline41.A.restrict B.protest C.rescue D.stretch42.A.entire B.immediate C.accurate D.remarkable43.A.awkward B.external C.agricultural D.environmental44.A.introducing B.revising C.postponing D.raising45.A.challenges B.systems C.tasks D.applications46.A.habitat B.occupation C.pocket D.movement47.A.Inaddition B.Inspiteof C.Infact D.Onthecontrary48.A.versions B.patterns C.samples D.savings【答案】39.A40.C41.A42.B43.D44.A45.A46.C47.C48.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“宅度假（staycation）”这一概念。它指在家或家附近度假，与减少污染、省钱等紧密相关。其诞生于2008年美国市场危机时期，当时人们因经济原因及对旅游环境影响的认知提升，开始选择宅度假，这种度假方式既节省开支又保护环境。【39题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它与减少污染、省钱以及避免造成世界上一些热门旅游地区的过度混乱密切相关。A.connected联系；B.announced宣布；C.packed打包；D.protested抗议。根据上文“Theterm“staycation”meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthantravelingtoanotherplace.”可知，这里指宅度假与减少污染、省钱以及避免造成世界上一些热门旅游地区的过度混乱密切相关，故选A。【40题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：宅度假的概念诞生于2008年美国市场危机时期。A.surroundings环境；B.version版本；C.crisis危机；D.guideline指导方针。根据下文“Becauseofit,manyhouseholdswereforcedtotheirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.”可知，人们因经济原因改变度假方式，所以是市场危机，故选C。【41题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多家庭被迫限制开支，从而限制他们的度假预算。A.restrict限制；B.protest抗议；C.rescue救援；D.stretch伸展。根据下文“consequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.”可知，因为经济危机，所以限制开支，故选A。【42题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出国旅游资金的短缺是许多人开始（重新）发现他们周边最近地方的原因。A.entire整个的；B.immediate立即的，最接近的；C.accurate准确的；D.remarkable非凡的。根据上文“nearyourhome”可知，因为不能去远的地方，所以关注周边最近的地方，故选B。【43题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，人们对旅游业环境影响的认识，尤其是对交通影响的认识也开始提高。A.awkward尴尬的；B.external外部的；C.agricultural农业的；D.environmental环境的。根据下文“especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,startedtoincreasetoo”可知，提到交通影响，属于环境方面，故选D。【44题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们也愈发意识到，一些（国外的）主要城市人满为患，像巴塞罗那、威尼斯或塞舌尔等地都计划引入游客上限。A.introducing引入；B.revising修改；C.postponing推迟；D.raising提高。根据下文“atouristcap.”可知，这里指引入游客数量限制，故选A。【45题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：宅度假似乎是解决上述挑战的好办法。A.challenges挑战；B.systems系统；C.tasks任务；D.applications申请。根据上文“Atthesametime,awarenessofthe...impactsoftourism,especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,”可知，前面提到的经济和环境等问题是挑战，故选A。【46题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种既能享受快乐假期，又能帮助自己省钱和保护环境的好方法。A.habitat栖息地；B.occupation职业；C.pocket口袋，这里指钱包，即省钱；D.movement运动。根据上文“savingmoney”可知，宅度假能省钱，故选C。【47题详析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，在离家近的地方度假省去了住宿和交通预算。A.Inaddition此外；B.Inspiteof尽管；C.Infact事实上；D.Onthecontrary相反。根据下文“stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport.”可知，这里是对宅度假好处的进一步说明，表示实际情况。故选C。【48题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了不用买昂贵机票或预订不便宜的酒店房间而节省的资金外，宅度假还有减少有害排放的好处。A.versions版本；B.patterns模式；C.samples样品；D.savings节省。根据上文“savingmoney”可知，这里指节省的钱，故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ATheOldManandtheSea,writtenbyErnestHemingway,isatimelessnovellaaboutanagingCubanfishermannamedSantiago.Foreighty-fourconsecutivedays,Santiagostruggleswithoutcatchingasinglefish,becomingasymbolofbadluckinhissmallcoastalvillage.Hisyoungapprentice,Manolin,admiresSantiagodeeplybutisforcedbyhisparentstoleavetheoldman’sboatandjoinamoresuccessfulfisherman.Despitehislonelinessandthevillagers’pity,Santiagoremainsdetermined.Ontheeighty-fifthday,heventuresfarintotheGulfStream,wherehehooksamassivemarlin—afishlargerthanhisownboat.ThemarlindragsSantiago’sboatfortwodaysandnights.Theoldman,weakenedbyhungerandexhaustion,battlesthefishwitheveryounceofstrength,refusingtosurrender.“Paindoesnotmattertoaman,”hewhispers,embodyinghiscodeofresilience.Whenhefinallykillsthemarlin,hetiesittothesideofhisboat,onlytofaceanewthreat:sharksattractedbythemarlin’sblood.Santiagofightsfiercelywithmakeshiftweapons—harpoons,oars,andevenaknife—butthesharksstripthemarlintoitsskeleton.Returningtoshore,Santiagocollapsesinhishut.Thoughhebringsbacknothingbutbones,thevillagemarvelsattheskeleton’ssize,andManolinweepsattheoldman’sinjuries.Hemingway’sstoryisacelebrationofhumanendurance:Santiagoprovesthatdefeatinactioncancoexistwithvictoryinspirit.49.Whatisthemainconflictinthestory?A.Santiago’sbattlewiththemarlinandsharks. B.Santiago’sstruggleagainstpoverty.C.Manolin’sconflictwithhisparents. D.Thevillagers’distrustofSantiago.50.WhydoesManolinleaveSantiago?A.Hewantstolearnfromaricherfisherman. B.Hisparentsforcehimtoleave.C.HelosesfaithinSantiago’sluck. D.Santiagoaskshimtogo.51.Whatdoesthemarlinsymbolizeinthestory?A.Unpredictablenature. B.Thefailureofeffort.C.AtestofSantiago’sdetermination. D.Thevillage’sscorn.52.WhatthemedoesHemingwayemphasizeinTheOldManandtheSea?A.Theimportanceofwealth. B.Thelonelinessofoldage.C.Thedangeroftheocean. D.Thepowerofperseverance.【答案】49.A50.B51.C52.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，第八十五天钓到一条大马林鱼，与鱼搏斗后又遭鲨鱼袭击，最终带回鱼骨的故事，展现了人类的坚韧。【49题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThemarlindragsSantiago’sboatfortwodaysandnights.Theoldman,weakenedbyhungerandexhaustion,battlesthefishwitheveryounceofstrength,refusingtosurrender.“Paindoesnotmattertoaman,”hewhispers,embodyinghiscodeofresilience.Whenhefinallykillsthemarlin,hetiesittothesideofhisboat,onlytofaceanewthreat:sharksattractedbythemarlin’sblood.Santiagofightsfiercelywithmakeshiftweapons—harpoons,oars,andevenaknife—butthesharksstripthemarlintoitsskeleton.(马林鱼拖着圣地亚哥的船走了两天两夜。老人因饥饿和疲惫而虚弱，用尽全身力气与鱼搏斗，拒绝投降。“痛苦对男人来说并不重要，”他低声说，体现了他的韧性准则。当他最终杀死马林鱼时，他把它绑在船舷上，却遇到了新的威胁：被马林鱼的血吸引来的鲨鱼。圣地亚哥用临时的武器——鱼叉、桨，甚至一把刀——激烈地搏斗，但鲨鱼把马林鱼剥得只剩骨架)”可知，故事的主要冲突是圣地亚哥与马林鱼和鲨鱼的战斗。故选A项。【50题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hisyoungapprentice,Manolin,admiresSantiagodeeplybutisforcedbyhisparentstoleavetheoldman’sboatandjoinamoresuccessfulfisherman.(他年轻的徒弟马诺林非常钦佩圣地亚哥，但他的父母强迫他离开老人的船，去跟随一个更成功的渔夫)”可知，马诺林离开圣地亚哥是因为他的父母强迫他离开。故选B项。【51题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ontheeighty-fifthday,heventuresfarintotheGulfStream,wherehehooksamassivemarlin—afishlargerthanhisownboat.(在第八十五天，他冒险驶入墨西哥湾流深处，在那里他钓到了一条巨大的马林鱼——一条比他的船还大的鱼)”和第二段中“ThemarlindragsSantiago’sboatfortwodaysandnights.Theoldman,weakenedbyhungerandexhaustion,battlesthefishwitheveryounceofstrength,refusingtosurrender.(马林鱼拖着圣地亚哥的船两天两夜。老人因饥饿和疲惫而虚弱不堪，但他用尽每一丝力气与鱼搏斗，拒绝投降)”可知，马林鱼考验了圣地亚哥的决心，所以它象征着对圣地亚哥决心的考验。故选C项。【52题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Hemingway’sstoryisacelebrationofhumanendurance:Santiagoprovesthatdefeatinactioncancoexistwithvictoryinspirit.(海明威的故事是对人类耐力的颂扬：圣地亚哥证明了行动上的失败可以与精神上的胜利并存)”以及文中圣地亚哥与马林鱼和鲨鱼搏斗的整个过程可知，海明威在《老人与海》中强调的主题是毅力的力量。故选D项。BDavidAttenboroughDavidAttenboroughwasbornin1