河南省南阳市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

年春期高中一年级期终质量评估英语试题说明：1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题,满分95分)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,满分55分)两部分。2.将所有答案均按题号填涂或填写在答题卡或答题纸相应的答题处,否则不得分。满分150分,考试时间120分钟。第I卷(选择题,共95分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchdoeseachticketcost?A.10yuan.B.20yuan.C.30yuan.2.Whowillgetthestamp?A.Theman'ssister.B.Thewoman'scousin.C.Thewoman'ssister.3.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenthemancalledher?A.WatchingTV.B.Takingnotes.C.Dryingherhair.4.Whomdidthewomanseeyesterday?A.Jack'suncleB.Jack'sfather.C.Jack'sbrother.5.HowwillthemangotoLondon?A.Byboat.B.Byplane.C.Bycar第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读每小题；听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听第六段材料,回答第6至7题。6.Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Awaitress.B.Theman'sfriend.C.Theman'swife.7.Whatdoesn'tthemanorder?A.Ahamsandwich.B.Acupoftea.C.Abowloftomatosoup.听第七段材料,回答第8至9题。8.WhatisPetergoingtodothisyear?A.Giveupsmoking.B.Findagoodjob.C.Joinaphotographclub.9.WheremayJudygotovisitherfriends?A.ToZhengzhou.B.ToChongqing.C.ToKunming.听第八段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Cloudy.B.Windy.C.Sunny11.Wheredoesthegirlsuggestgoing?A.ToForestPark.B.Tothemuseum.C.Tothezoo12.Howwilltheygetthere?A.OnfootB.Bybus.C.Bybike.听第九段材料,回答第13至16题。13.WhatcanwelearnaboutKate?A.ShehardlywatchesTV.B.SheisinJapannow.C.SheprefersEnglishprograms.14.WhichcanKateunderstandwell?A.AJapanesedrama.B.AJapanesetalkshow.C.AJapanesefilm.15.WhatdoesthemanthinkofwatchingTV?A.Itisrelaxing.B.Itisbad.C.Itishelpful.16.Whataretheymainlytalkingabout?A.Kate'shobby.B.LifeinJapan.C.Watchingtelevision.听第十段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WhenwasJacobborn?A.In1849.B.In1861C.In1870.18.ForwhomwasJacob'slifework?A.ChildrenB.Poorpeople.C.Oldpeople.19.Whatwerethepoorhouseschangedinto?A.Apark.B.Atallbuilding.C.Afarm.20.WhatdidJacobdoin1889?A.Helearnedsomelaws.B.Hesetupacenter.C.Hepublishedhisbook.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouhadanextra$100,howwouldyouuseittobringmorekindnessinyourcommunity?Ifyouhaveacreativeresponsetothatquestion,readourFAQbelowandapplyforourmonthlycontest.Whatisit?Kindness-In-Actionhelpsindividualsputkindnessideaintoaction.Peoplefromallaroundtheworldsubmittheirideasonwhattheywoulddoiftheyhadanextra$100,andKindSpringselectsawinnereverymonth.Howdoesitwork?First,yousubmityouridea,andifitgetsselected,you’llhearfromoneofourvolunteerreviewersaboutsettingupaphoneorSkypecall.Followingthat,we’llmailyouacheck,you’llhaveamonthtoimplement(实施)theideainyourcommunity,andthenshareyourexperienceandphotoswiththeKindSpringcommunity.We’llalsofeatureitinourmonthlynewsletterthatreachesmorethan100thousandpeoplein150countries,sootherscansharetheideaandspreadmorelove!Whatisthecriteriaforselection?Yourpersonalintention,creativeuseofSmile.Cards,potentialrippleeffect(连锁反应)inthelocalcommunity,andthevotesfromtheKindSpringcommunity(existingmemberscanloginandvoteaswell).Ultimately,wearetryingtoinspiresmall(notbig!)actsofkindness.Howdidyoustart?WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.Inlessthancoupleweeks,morethan50ideasweresubmittedanddozensofpeoplehelpedusevaluatetheideasbyadding“smiles”.OnJuly1st,weannouncedourfirstwinnerandacommitmenttocontinuethisexperiment.Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe:Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy(慈善事业),andtospreadgoodideas.ClickHeretoApply.Orjoinourcommunityandhelpusselectthenextwinner1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Awinnerisselectedeveryyear.B.OnlypeoplefromAmericacansubmittheirideas.C.Anunexpectedactofkindnesscontributestoitsorigin.D.Theoneselectedneedstousehisorherownmoneytoimplementtheidea.2.What'sthepurposeofKindness-In-Action?A.Tochoosemorewiseconsumers.B.Topromoteinternationalcooperation.C.Toarousepeopletoexpressthemselves.D.Toencourageactsofkindnessandspreadgoodideas.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook B.Aguidebook C.Awebsite D.Areport.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“Kindness-In-Action”的活动。该活动鼓励人们用额外的一百美元在社区中传播更多的善意。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Howdidyoustart?部分中的“WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.(五月份我们收到了一笔意外的捐款。为了分享这份喜悦，我们在网上社区发布了一个小广告，征求大家的意见。)”可知，一个意想不到的的善举促成了该活动，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Howdidyoustart?部分中的“Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe:Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy(慈善事业),andtospreadgoodideas.(这个实验的目的仍然是：激发当地社区的创造性善举，赋予个人实践慷慨的能力，建立信任驱动的慈善模式，并传播好的思想。)”可知，Kindness-In-Action的目的是鼓励善良的行为，传播好的思想，故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ClickHeretoApply.(点击这里来申请。)”可知这篇文章可能来自一个网站，故选C。BDuringtheyearsthatpassedfromIwasbornuntilmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)andmyselfmovedawayfromhome,mymotherdidn’thaveajob.Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,shewouldhaveleftthequestion‘Employment’empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-fulltime.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.WhenIlookatthephoto,Iseeawomanwhowouldhavehadanunlimitednumberofopportunitiesinlife.Sheismorethanjustpretty;itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouthconfirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemostintelligentpersonIknow.Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthegreateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidforalivingorwhoshewas,sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene’swife,andRobert’s,Deborah’sandTimothy’smother.Todaythereareprobablymanywomenwhowillseewhatshedidasawasteofmymother’sgoodabilities.Whyshouldanintelligentanddeterminedwomanbecontentwithmakingsoupandsandwiches?Weallgothroughouradultlifewiththeconceptionthatwehaveneverbeenanythingbutfullydevelopedgrown-ups.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletelyassuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomethingtoday.AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.4.WhydidMomleavethequestion“Employment”empty?A.Becauseshecouldn’twrite. B.Becauseshewasafulltimemother.C.Becauseshecouldn’tfindajob. D.Becauseshewasangryatthisquestion.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMom?A.Diligentandstubborn. B.Beautifulandstrict.C.Intelligentandselfless. D.Ambitiousandclever6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theauthorhastwosiblings.B.TheauthorthinkshighlyofMom’sdevotion.C.Beingafulltimemotherisawasteofability.D.Anintelligentwomanshouldn’tbecontentwithcooking.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnOldYellowedPhotographB.TheMemoriesofMyFamilyC.TheImportanceofSiblings’loveD.TheStandardofBeingaGoodMother【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要作者通过一张发黄的老照片回忆起自己的妈妈为了照顾家人选择成为一名全职妈妈的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,shewouldhaveleftthequestion‘Employment’empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-fulltime.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.(如果让她填写一份关于个人资料的问卷，她会把“就业”一栏空着。她认为她的工作就是做我们的母亲——全职的。这是她选择的方式。)”可知，作者的妈妈之所以空着“就业”这一栏，是因为她觉得自己的工作就是做我们的妈妈，是全职妈妈。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sheismorethanjustpretty;itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehadputhermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouthconfirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemostintelligentpersonIknow.(她不仅仅是漂亮；很明显，她既聪明又生动。我知道，如果她下定决心要找份事业，整个世界都会拜倒在她的脚下。她年轻时的经历证实了这一点。她在全国最好的学校之一考得很好。事实上，她是我认识的最聪明的人。)”可知，作者的妈妈非常聪明；而根据文章第四段“Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthegreateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidforalivingorwhoshewas,sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene’swife,andRobert’s,Deborah’sandTimothy’smother.(然而，她一直认为自己是家庭主妇和母亲。镇上的每个人都钦佩她为慈善事业付出的巨大努力，但如果有人问她以什么为生，或者她是谁，她会回答说她是RobertGreene的妻子，也是Robert，Deborah和Timothy母亲。)”可知，作者的妈妈非常聪明，然而她却为了家人选择成为家庭主妇和全职妈妈。由此可知，作者的妈妈非常无私。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletelyassuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomethingtoday.AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.(但我们每个人都曾是小孩，当我们从学校匆匆赶回家时，我们确信有人在家里等着我们。这在当时和今天都是有意义的。我永远感激黄照片里的那个女人在等着我。)”可知，作者对于自己妈妈的奉献高度评价。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.(有一张发黄的老照片，是我母亲和父亲在1942年度蜜月时拍的。他们正坐在一家餐馆的桌子旁。我认为，在照片中，我的母亲看起来很漂亮。那时她23岁。)”以及最后一段“AndIameternally(永恒地)gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.(我永远感激黄照片里的那个女人在等着我。)”再结合全文可知，文章主要讲述的是作者通过一张发黄的老照片回忆起自己聪明、美丽的妈妈为了照顾家人，选择成为一名全职妈妈。选项A“AnOldYellowedPhotograph(一张发黄的老照片)”符合文意。故选A。CResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityareproposinganadditionalwhitetrafficlightthatwillactasasigntohumandriversandpassengersthattheyshouldfollowtheleadofself-drivingvehiclesmovingthroughcrossroads.Drivingisfundamentallychanging.Inthefuture,humandriverswillbesharingtheroadwithautonomousvehicles.Thetransition(转变)toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.Thismakesiturgentfortrafficlightswithafourthcolortobecomeareality.ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthenumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold(阈值).Autonomousvehicleswouldbeincommunicationwitheachotherandwiththetrafficlightsatcrossroadswithinacertainrange.Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight:stopifitstops;continueifitcontinues.Insimulationmodels,autonomousvehicleswereshowntoimprovetrafficflowontheirown.Thehigherthepercentageofautonomousvehiclesatacrossroads,thefasterthetrafficmoved.“Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate(协调)trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat'sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords,”sayscivilengineerAliHajbabaie.Asanexample,mostrecently,Tesla’sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Drivingalongtheroads.B.Drivingthroughcrossroads.C.Thetransitiontomanyhumandrivers.D.Thetransitiontoautonomousvehicles.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Howdriversreacttothetraffic.B.Howthewhitetrafficlightworks.C.HowBluetoothtechnologychanges.D.Howautonomousvehiclescommunicatewitheachother.10.WhyisthewhitelightusedaccordingtoAliHajbabaie?A.Tocoordinatetraffic. B.Toslowtrafficflow.C.Tostophumandrivers, D.ToControltrafficlights.11.Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardsaddingafourthcolortotrafficlights?A.Indifferent. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Favorable.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员正在提议增设一个白色交通灯，用于告知人类驾驶员和乘客应该跟随自动驾驶汽车通过十字路口。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线单词上文“Thetransition(转变)toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.(向自动驾驶汽车的过渡正在逐年推进，人类不再是唯一驾驶汽车的人。)”可知，上文讲的是向自动驾驶汽车的过度，所以划线单词this指代的是“向自动驾驶汽车的过渡”。故选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthenumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold(阈值).(白色交通灯将配备无线蓝牙技术，当任何特定时间在道路上行驶的自动驾驶汽车数量超过一定阈值时，红绿灯就会亮起。)”和“Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight:stopifitstops;continueifitcontinues.(混合车辆中的任何人类驾驶员都会被通知通过白灯跟随前方车辆：如果停下来就停下来；如果继续前进就继续前进。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了白色交通信号灯的工作原理。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中AliHajbabaie所说的话“Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate(协调)trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat’sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords(在任何涉及自动驾驶汽车的情况下，白灯可以用来协调交通，并告诉人类司机发生了什么，这样他们就知道在接近路口时应该做什么)”可知，白色红绿灯可用来协调交通，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tesl’sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.(特斯拉有问题的全自动驾驶汽车在一辆汽车撞上一辆消防车后受到批评。因此，潜在的风险使得研究人员建议在未来几年给交通信号灯增加第四种颜色。)”可知，特斯拉的交通事故使得人们认为有必要在未来几年为红绿灯增加第四种颜色，由此可推知，研究人员对安装第四种红绿灯的态度是支持的，故选D。

DJustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe’dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn’ttastesomeorangejuice.“Ipanicked,andrantothebathroomandstartedtryingtosmellmyperfume,buttherewasnothing,”shesaid.Hort’sexperienceisnowquiteacommonstory.Around86percentofpeoplewhohavehadCOVID-19experienceachangeintheirsenseofsmell.Formost,it’sshort-livedbutforoneineveryfive,particularlytheover-40s,thedamagetakesoversixmonthstoresolve.Thisepidemicofsmellloss,aconditionknowninmedicaltermsasanosmia(嗅觉缺失),hasfocusedattentionbackonthesensethatbiologistCharlesDarwinoncedescribedas“ofextremelyslightservicetomankind”.Almost150yearsafterhesaidthat,wenowknowthatDarwinwaswrong—verywrong.“Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseofsmell,”explainssensoryexpertProfessorEugeniRourafromAustralia’sUniversityofQueensland.“That’saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome(基因组)associatedwithjustonesystem.That’shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody.”Sohowdowesmell?Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.Thesesendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan(嗅觉器官),thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmell.Theolfactoryorganmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.It’sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.Eachofushasauniquesenseofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes.Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.12.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Introducingthetopicofthepassage. B.Presentingauniquestatement.C.Providingsomebackgroundinformation. D.DescribingthepainfullifeofJoanne.13.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.CharlesDarwinisaterriblebiologist.B.Senseofsmellisunimportanttoushumans.C.EugeniRouraagreeswithDarwin'sopinionofsenseofsmell.D.Manygenesinthehumanbodyareassociatedwiththesenseofsmell.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discriminate”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Recognize. B.Understand. C.Admire. D.Reflect.15.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?A.Measurestoimprovethesensesystemofourbody.B.Otherfactorsdeterminingthesensitivenessofoursonsoofsmell.C.Therelationshipbetweenouruniquesmellandthegenesinourbody.D.Theolfactoryorgan’shugeinfluenceonourbrainsandnervesofthenose.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了由新冠期间人们丧失嗅觉引发的一些讨论和研究。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“JustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe’dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn’ttastesomeorangejuice.(2022年9月，乔安妮•霍尔特被诊断出患有冠状病毒疾病19，仅仅三天后，她就意识到自己因为尝不到橙汁的味道而失去了嗅觉。)”可知，第一段举例子说明患有新冠的人们会失去嗅觉，接着文章介绍了失去嗅觉的一些研究。由此可推知，第一段引出了文章的主题，故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseofsmell(研究人员在人体内发现了600多个与嗅觉相关的基因)”和“That’saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome(基因组)associatedwithjustonesystem.That’shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody.(这大约占整个基因组的3%，只与一个系统相关。这是巨大的，表明嗅觉实际上对人体极其重要)”可知，作者可能会同意，人体内的许多基因与嗅觉有关这一说法，故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.Thesesendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan(嗅觉器官),thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmell.Theolfactoryorganmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.(当空气中的气味分子撞击鼻子内壁的神经时就会发生这种情况。它们向嗅觉器官发送信号，嗅觉器官是大脑解释气味的部分。嗅觉器官约占人类大脑的百分之五。)”可知，此处解释了我们会区分不同味道的过程，即空气中的气味分子撞击鼻子内壁的神经，向嗅觉器官发送信号，大脑就会解释不同的气味，结合划线单词所在句子“It’sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.(据估计，它可以discriminate一百万种不同的气味，如各种香料，酸味，甜味等。)”可知，此处承接上文，继续介绍大脑能区分不同的气味，所以此处指出我们能区分一百万种不同的气味，由此可推知，划线单词discriminate意为“区分”，与A项“Recognize.(识别，区分)”意思一样，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.(其他因素进一步决定了你的嗅觉有多敏感。)”可推知，文章接下来会讨论决定我们气味儿有多灵敏的其他因素。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsforFirst-TimeCampersNatureprovidesforusinavarietyofways,whetherwerecognizethesegiftsornot.Butnatureisn’tjustthereforustoexplore.____16____BePrepared:WhattoTakeCampingWhilethesaying“alwaysbeprepared”isanobleenoughguidelineforactivitieslikehikingandcamping,sometimes,lessismore.Butdependingontheareawhereyou’restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,____17____.Havingasimplerepairkitandafirst-aidkitmaysaveyoufromminorheadachesandinjuries,aswilldoingyourhomeworkwhenplanningwheretogoandwhattotakecamping.Ifyou’rehiking,besuretobringplentyofcleanwateralong,aswellasnutritiousfoodstokeepyougoing.Forcoffee,cheapinstantcoffeepacketscanlessenthemess.Youmayalsobeabletouserunningwaterorriverstonestokeepitemscoolerlonger(orsimplyuseathermos).DoYourResearchBecomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat’sgoodforwhittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodisgoodforkeepingthemgoing.____18____.Youcanusepineneedlesinteaorrubthemonyourskinifyou’retryingtobestealthywhilehuntingdeer.Ifyouspotelmtreesnearacreekorriver,youmaybeabletofindthefamousmorelmushroomnearby—justmakesureyoucanpositivelyidentifythemushroomorarewithsomeonewhocan!____19____.Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeeptheareaclean.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmaywanttoinvestinametaldetectororaboatforabitofadditionalfun.Youcanalsopurchaseafishinglicense,whichhelpskeepareascleanandlakesandriversstockedwithfish.____20____Idon’tliketohuntorparty;Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthewater.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilistenforthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.I’veseencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!Ilovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsofexperiencesIwouldn’ttradeforanythingintheworld.A.GohuntingB.EnjoyNatureC.youmayhavetofinishyourhomeworkD.andonesmallholeinyourtentcanleaveyouasleeplessmessE.Whereveryoulive,thereareplentyoffreeareasyoucanvisitF.Othertreesmayprovidenutsandfruits,suchaspecans,mulberries,andpersimmonsG.Byfollowingthesetipsforfirst-timecampers,anyonecanengagewithnatureinamoregratefulway【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.E20.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。作者给首次露营的人提供了一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Butnatureisn’tjustthereforustoexplore.(但是大自然不仅仅是供我们可以探索的。)”指出探索大自然的话题，下文“BePrepared:WhattoTakeCamping(做好准备：露营要做什么)”，“DoYourResearch(做你的调查)”提出了探索自然的一些建议，G项“通过遵循这些初次露营者的建议，任何人都可以以一种更加感激的方式与大自然交流”承接上文探索大自然的话题，引出后文给出的建议，故选G。【17题详解】上文“Butdependingontheareawhereyou’restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,(但是取决于你住的地方，天气可能是不可预测的，)”指出露营时可能遇到的意外，即天气不可测，空处应该与“露营时可能遇到的意外”话题有关，D项“帐篷上的一个小洞可能会让你失眠”符合，指出天气不可测试，帐篷上的一个小洞会让人彻夜难眠，下文“Havingasimplerepairkit(有一个简单的修理包)”也是提示，说明有东西需要修理，故选D。【18题详解】上文“Becomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat’sgoodforwhittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodisgoodforkeepingthemgoing.(熟悉不同的树木和它们所提供的东西。有些树木提供的木材可以用来削木头，制作手杖和拐杖。有些木头可以用来生火，而有些木头可以用来烧火。)”指出我们要熟悉不同的树木的作用，此处列举了不同树木的作用，空处也应承接上文，列举不同的树木的不同作用，F项“其他树木可以提供坚果和水果，如山核桃，桑树和柿子”符合，上文提到的两个“Some”和选项中“Othertrees”相呼应，故选F。【19题详解】下文“Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeeptheareaclean(有些地方收取一点停车费或露营费，或者他们需要收取保护费来保持这个地方清洁。)”指出一些地方的收费情况，空处也应介绍一些地方的收费情况，E项“无论你住在哪里，都有很多免费的地方可以去参观。”符合，故选E。【20题详解】此处是本段小标题，根据下文“Idon’tliketohuntorparty;Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthewater.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilistenforthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.I’veseencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!Ilovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsofexperiencesIwouldn’ttradeforanythingintheworld.(我不喜欢打猎或参加聚会，我只喜欢在黎明时分坐在沙洲上，看着水面上升起的薄雾。我看到和听到各种各样的野生动物，如鹿、猫头鹰、蝙蝠、鸟、松鼠和海狸。我听到海狸在晚上用它们宽而扁的尾巴溅起水花。我晚上也能听到土狼的嚎叫。我见过水腹蛇，甚至黑豹的足迹！我喜欢那种宁静和小小的刺激，那种我不会用任何东西来交换的体验。)”可知，本段主要介绍要享受自然，B项“享受自然”能概括本段内容，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分)Lifeisfullofupsanddowns,youmustunderstandthatyouwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokaywhenthathappens.Frombeingakidtotransitioningintoa(an)____21____,youwillfailatmanythingsinlifebutthatwillonlytellyouaboutyourself.Youwillgettolearnaboutyourtrue____22____,thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouare____23____.Wemustlearntoembracetheprocessratherthanrunfromit,onlythenwillwebeableto____24____ourgoalsinlife.Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyself,andhowIfaced____25____inlife.Inmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsome____26____,Iusedtogetreallybadgrades.SometimesIwouldgetanFandthatwouldmakemereally____27____,Iusedtothink:“WhatwillIshowmyparents?”.SowhatIusedtodowascoverthosegradesup.IwouldturntheFintoaBjustto____28____myparents.Atthebeginning,everythingwentsmoothly,but____29____,Iwascaughtdoingthat.Ilearnedalotafterthat,IknewthatIhadto,_____30_____thatfailureandlearnfromit,andsomething_____31_____actuallycamefromit.Istarteddoingbetterwithmygrades,thatFturnedintoaBnaturally,andthat.BturnedintoanA.Wheneveryoufaceafailure,neverthinkthatyouarenevergoingto_____32_____fromthis,youmustthinkofwaysto_____33_____yourself.DidyouknowthatittookThomasEdison10,000_____34_____toperfectthelightbulb?BillGatesfailedmanytimes,evenhisfirstcompanywasacompletewreck.Allofthisisproofthatwemustlearnfromourfailures,not_____35_____them!21.A.figure B.adult C.clown D.conductor22.A.strengths B.components C.figures D.symbols23.A.accessibleto B.worthyof C.badat D.ashamedof24.A.achieve B.perform C.adapt D.flow25.A.comedies B.fortunes C.elements D.failures26.A.images B.identities C.subjects D.accounts27.A.excited B.scared C.committed D.emotional28.A.inform B.please C.win D.love29.A.exactly B.briefly C.obviously D.eventually30.A.accept B.charge C.select D.trick31.A.terrible B.objective C.wonderful D.classical32.A.show B.defend C.recover D.disappoint33.A.cause B.approve C.delay D.better34.A.talents B.contests C.expressions D.attempts35.A.runfrom B.jumpat C.screamat D.leavefor【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.C27.B28.B29.D30.A31.C32.C33.D34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过自身的经历告诉我们，人生中总有起起伏伏，当遇到失败时，我们应该勇于面对而不是逃避。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一个孩子过渡到一个成年人，你会在生活中的许多事情上失败，但这只会让你了解自己。A.figure数字、人物；B.adult成年人；C.clown小丑；D.conductor售票员。根据空前的“Frombeingakidtotransitioninginto”可知，空处为“成年人”，指的是从孩子过渡到成年人。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会了解到你真正的优势，你擅长什么，不擅长什么。A.strengths优势；B.components成分；C.figures数字，人物；D.symbols符号、象征、标志。根据下文“thethingsyouaregoodat”可知，生活中的失败会让你明白自己的优势所在。故选A。【23题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：你会了解到你真正的优势，你擅长什么，不擅长什么。A.accessibleto可得到的；B.worthyof值得；C.badat不善于；D.ashamedof对……感到羞愧。根据上文“youwillfailatmanythingsinlifebutthatwillonlytell