考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷10（共195题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷10（共9

套）

（共195题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共25题，每题1.0分，共

25分。）

[A]Createanewimageofyourself[B]Haveconfidenceinyourself[C]Decideifthelime

isright[D]Understandthecontext[E]Workwithprofessionals[F]Makeitefficient

[G]KnowyourgoalsNomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,theway

youpresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.According

toresearchfromPrincetonUniversity,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,

andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.The

differencebetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe"dressforsuccess"eraisthattherangeof

optionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesettings,red

sneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimage

wepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedln.Chancesare,your

headshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennial,itseems,

facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleand

personalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknow

whentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat'sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhancesour

goals?Herearesometips:[Cl]Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimage

upgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions-whenlookingforanewjob,

steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.Ifyou'reina

periodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou'renot

sure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookfor

cuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere'snoneedfbranupgradeandthat's

OK.[C2]Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingto

refreshyourimageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmore

seriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedas

moreapproachable,ormoremodernandstylish.Forscmconcmovingfromfinanceto

advertising,maybetheywanttolookmore"SoHo/'CIt'sOKtousecharacterizationslike

that.）[C3]Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatare

thenormsofyourenvironment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportant

audiences?Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetter

youunderstandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.

[C4]Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsand

context.Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.Trya

hairstylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyour

spouseorfriend.Ifsnotasexpensiveasyoumightthink.[C5]Thepointofa

styleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussingoverwhattowear.

Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardworkuniform

orafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshopping

alone,onearticleofclothingatatime

1、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析:该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语:duringtransitions,inaperiod

of,agoodtime,表示形象升级得看时机是否恰当。浏览小标题发现，只有选项C

出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文，本段第二句中的good与小标题中的righl

也恰好对应，故选C项。

2、[C2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：该段首句Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave提到“弄清楚你

希望产生什么影响”，然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述，目

标不同，做法也不同。本段第一句话中的getclear与小标题中的know属于同义表

达，并且本段第三句话中thegoal与小标题中的goal完全对应，因此正确答案为G

项。

3、[C3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该段第一句话提到“要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境“，接着给

出了几个排比的问句，都是针对工作环境的具休细节的发问。最重耍的是在纭尾

部分，作者总结评论道，Thebetteryou...»themorecontrolyou...,意为“你越了解

文化背景，越就控制对却的影响力很明显，这句话凸显了context的重要性。

因此，答案选D项。

4、[C4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段在首句给出两个关键词professionals和sharewith,即“寻求专业

人士的支持，并把你的目标和环境告诉他们下文是举例论述，例如去找发型设

计师而不是理发师等。紧接着卜文就给出workwithaprofessionalphotographer让

专业摄影师而不是你的配偶或朋友为你拍照。因此本段是围绕professionals的重要

性来展开的。故选E项，

5、[C5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：该段落主题句出现在转折句Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreduce

decisionfatigue.之后，其中it指代上一句中的styleupgrade。通过前后两句话对

比，指出其目的是利用styleupgrade来reducedecisionfatigue（减少决策疲劳），从而

提升效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点，因此答案选F项。

|A|Shopkeepersareyourfriends|B|Remembertotreatyourself|C|Sticktowhatyou

need[D]Planningiseverything[E]Wastenot,wantnot[F]Livelikeapeasant|G]Balance

yourdietThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshis

loveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,

£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000ayearworking

incorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbestrestaurantsatleasttwicea

week.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecame

serious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toa

certaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.Itgavemethevalidationand

confidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything,"Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflat

andfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryon

Hogging—notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan—"therearesomanypeopleinamuch

worsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"一buteatingwellonabudget.Here'

shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.[Cl]Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,

soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheir

exactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfastlunchanddinner.Stop

laughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodidea

toshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyour

mindaboutwhatyoufancy.[C2]Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheir

anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhen

buyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyou

onlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre­

packedinthesupermarketchiller.[C3]Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhave

frozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,

stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,hutifyonhavesurplus

vegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooffwillbecooked

orjuiced.[C4]Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.

Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuper

friendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoups

andstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoften

thannot,they'11letyouhaveforfree.[C5]Youwon'tbeeatingoutalotbut

saveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagood

restaurant—£1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou£21—morethanenoughfora

three-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It's£16.95there—or£12.99fora

largepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathercat.

6、[Cl]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：段落首句谈到“冲动消费是不可取的，所以提前计划好你每周的菜

单，给你的食材按精确的数量制定购物清单。”首句中出现了因果逻辑关联词so,

而下文又没有出现明显转折，因此首句是本段的中心句。进而举例说作者专门为此

做了一个电子表格，这样做不仅花钱少而且有助于均衡饮食。显然本段的中心在于

首句谈到的"plan",而不是G项“balanceyourdiet”,故答案为D项。

7、[C2]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：段落第二句话中的代词“them”指代第一句中的“supermarketsandtheir

anonymity”。该句通过这一指代顺接第一句，表达了一个否定的含义，即你不需要

在小贩那里感到尴尬。紧接着第三句用肯定的语气指出“ifyouplanproperly.you511

knowthatyouonlyneed...350gofshinofbeef…”即如果你合理地规划，你就会清楚

你需要多少，而不是超市提前打包好的分量。作者通过语义上层层递进的方式指出

了这一段的中心：你需要什么就买什么，对你所需要购买的东西的分量要坚持。因

此C项正确。

8、[C3]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段首先谈到“你可能会很自豪地宣称在冰箱里只有冻豌豆一那还

是不够好”。这句话中虽然没有明显的转折词，但在语义上属于隐性转折，因此段

落的重点应该在后面-第二句提到“Mineisfilledwith…"，其中Mine指my

freezer,通过指代顺接上一句话。接着第三句前半句指出“提前做好计划可以避免

浪费”，后半句具体陈述了怎样避免浪费。其中“eliminatewastage”与E项中的

"wastenot”构成同义复现。虽然该句中出现了planning,但是本段的主要内容是谈

到对于剩余的食物要尽可能充分利用，从而避免浪费。所以E项谈至上不浪费，不

愁缺”，为正确选项。

9、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该段首句句内出现转折，重点在转折之后。首句but后提到“itreally

isatoptip”,即“这真是一个极好的提议”。那么首先要还原it所指代的内容。第二

句提到“Shopatbutchers….regularlyandbesuperfriendly^o其中“befriendly”通

过词性转换和A项中的“areyourfriends”构成同义复现。同时，根据就近指代南

则，这也是it所指代的内容。最后一句描述了对店主友好带来的好处：通常他们

都会免费给你，因此A项正确。

10、[C5]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：该段首句句内出现转折，重点在转折之后。首句bul后提到“要节省

每一便士，并且每几个月请自己到好点的餐厅吃顿午餐之后的信息都是在用数

据解释这个道理，因此本句是该段中心句。B项中出现了“treatyourselF,是原文

复现，因此B项正确。

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gfbreachofthenumberedparagraphs(1-5).Therearetwo

extrasubheadings.[A]Createanewimageofyourself[B]Haveconfidenceinyourself

[C]Decideifthetimeisright[D]Understandthecontext[E]Workwithprofessionals

|F|Makeitefficient|G]KnowyourgoalsNomatterhowformalorinformalthework

environment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirst

impressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrincetonUniversity,peopleassessyour

competence,trustworthiness,andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond,solelybasedon

thewayyoulook.Thedifferencebetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe"dressforsuccess'1

eraisthattherangeofoptionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.

Insomesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.

Plus,whateverimagewcpresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkcdln.

Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.

Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemost

consciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.Sohowdowenavigate

this?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat'sthebestwaytopulloff

onethatenhancesourgoals?Herearesometips:[Cl]Asanexecutivecoach,

I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions—whenlookingfora

newjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.If

you'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.If

you'renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesand

professionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere'snoneedfor

anupgradeandthafsOK.[C2]Gelclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingto

have.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybe

tobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybe

tobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodernandstylish.Forsomeonemoving

fromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore"SoHo."(It'sOKtouse

characterizationslikethat.)[C3]Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikean

anthropologist.Whatarcthenormsofyourenvironment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoarc

yourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresent

themselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucan

haveoveryourimpact.[C4]Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewith

themyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofa

storelikeJ.Crcw.Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessional

photographerinsteadofyourspouseorfriend.It'snotasexpensiveasyoumightthink.

[C5]Thepointofastyleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmore

timefussingoverwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecision

fatigue.Pickastandardworkuniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatonce

withastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,onearticleofclothingatatime.

11、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语：duringtransitions,inaperiod

of,agoodtimeo表示形象升级得看时间是否恰当。浏览小标题发现，只有选项C

出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文，本段第二句中的good与小标题中的right

也恰好对应，故选C项。

12、[C2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：该段首句Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave提到“弄清楚你

希望有什么影响”，然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述，目标

不同，做法也不同。本段第一句话中的getclear与小标题中的know属于同义表

达，并且本段第三句话中thegoal与小标题中的goal完全对应，因此正确答案为G

项。

13、[C3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该段第一句话提到,、要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境”，接着给

出了几个排比的问句，都是针对工作环境的具体细节的发问。最重要的是在结尾部

分，作者总结评论道，Thebetteryou...,themorecontrolyou...,意为“你对文化背

景理解得越好，就能对你的影响有越多的控制很明显，这句话凸显了context的

重要性。因此，答案选D项。

14、[C4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段在首句给出两个关键词professionals和sharewith,即“征求专业

人士的帮助，与他们分享你的目标和背景:下文是举例论述，例如去找发型设计

师而不是理发师等。紧接着下文就给出workwithaprofessionalphotographer让专业

摄影师而不是你的配偶或朋友为你拍照。因此本段是围绕professionals的重要性来

展开的。故选E项。

15>[C5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：该段落主题句出现在转折句：Instead.useitasanopportunityto

reducedecisionfatigue.之后，其中it指代上一句中的styleupgrade。通过前后两句

话对比，指出其目的是利用styleupgrade作为机会来reducedecisionfatigue(减少决

定疲劳)，从而来提高办事效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点，因此答

案选F项。

It'slongbeenknown,butlittlediscussedinpolitehigh-techcircles,thatinformation-age

technologyisnotthecleanindustryitclaimstobe.ManufacturingasinglePCcan

generate139poundsofwasteandinvolvesahostofchemicalslinkedtohighratesof

cancerandbirthdefectsamongworkersandcommunities.1.Disposalcrisisofe-waste

Electronicwaste(e-waste)—suchasobsoleteanddiscardedcomputers,monitors,printers,

cellphones,andtelevisions-isoneofthefastestgrowingwastestreamsinthedeveloped

world,thankstotheindustry'sphilosophyof"designforimmediateobsolescence"anda

weakclcctronics-rccyclinginfrastructure.2.PublichealthproblemsIfthefullforceofthe

high-techrevolutionhitsthelandfill,itshealthriskswillleavenocommunityuntouched.

3.TheeuropeansolutionTheEuropeanUnioniswayaheadoftheU.S.inrecognizing

thehazardsandmovingtowardsasolution.4.HowwilltheU.S.proceed?Becausethe

U.S.high-techindustryanditsfriendsinWashingtonrepresentthebiggestobstaclesto

theglobalizationoftake-backlaws,abroadcoalitionofenvironmental,health,labor,and

recyclinggroupsandlocalgovernmentshasformedtheComputerTakeBackCampaign

tosupportEU-stylclegislationintheU.S.5.GoingglobalTheEuropeanapproachis

morethanaminor"softwarepatch'*onafundamentallyflawedprogram.Byestablishing

corporateresponsibilityforproductsattheendoftheirlives,thisstrategycouldhave

wide-rangingeffectsontheinformationtechnologyindustry.TheEUapproachspreads

environmentalbenefitsgloballyratherthanshiftingpollutiontodevelopingnations.[A]If

wecanadopttheEU'scodeintheU.S.,wecandoabitofreverseengineeringon

globalization.BydownloadingEurope'sprogramtothsU.S.,wecanfinallybeginto

cleanupthe"cleanindustry'1aroundtheglobe.[B]Anestimated300to500million

computerswilldescendonlandfillsby2007intheU.S.alone.Three-quartersofall

computerseversoldinthiscountryawaitdisposalingaragesandstoragefacilities

becausetheirownersdon'tknowwhattodowiththem.|C]ThefirstEuropeanUnion

directiveone-waste,adoptedlastyear,requiresproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthe

entirelifecycleoftheirproducts.By2005,companieswilleitherhavetotakeback

productsdirectlyfromconsumersorfundindependentcollectorstodoso.Wastethatwas

generatedpriortotheenactmentdatewillbetheresponsibilityofallexistingcompanies,

inproportiontotheirmarketshare.Futurewasteistobetheindividualresponsibilityof

eachcompany,therebycreatinganincentivetoredesignproductsforeasierandsafer

recyclinganddisposal.Noe-wastewillbeallowedinmunicipalwastestreams.IDIE-

wasteaccountsfor5percentofallsolidwasteinAmericabutapproximately40percent

ofthelead,70percentoftheheavymetals,andasignificantportionoftheorganic

chemicalpollutantsinAmerica'sdumps.Thise-wastecanleachintotheground,asit

didintheSiliconValley.Itwasthewidespreadcontaminationofthevalley'saquifersin

theearly1980sthatinitiallypuncturedthehigh-techindustry'scleanimage.

Currently:therearemoreEPAsuperfundcleanupsitesinthisvalleythananywhereelse

intheU.S.Thethreattosoil,drinkingwaterandpublichealthwillgrowase-waste

surgesintothewastestreamworldwide.[E]Hundredsoforganizationsandlocal

governmentsintheU.S.havealreadyendorsedthecampaign'splatform.Thecampaign

advocatesthattheU.S.adoptstandardsforelectronicsmanufacturersatleastasstringent

asthoseadoptedbytheEU:hazardousmaterialswouldbephasedout,andallelectronics

wouldbedesignedforreuseandrecycling.Thecampaignhassparkedalegislative

groundswell.Inthepastyearalone,20stateshaveintroducedlegislationtoaddresse-

waste.|F]Localgovernmentsandtaxpayersnowpickupthetabforthedisposalofe-

waste.ThestateofCalifornia,forexample,facesanestimated$1billionine-waste

disposalcostsoverthenextfewyears.

16、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第1题的小标题是“DisposalCrisisofE-waste（电子废物处理危机）

下面的段首句谈到“由于电子行业奉行‘快速淘汰’的设计理念以及回收利用电子产

品的基础设施脆弱难支，电子废物（称为e废物）如过时并被丢弃的计算机、监视

28、打印机、手机、电现等——己成为发达国家中增长速度最快的废物种类之

一”。选项B用具体数据说明了美国电子废物的严重状况及影响。

17、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第2题的小标题是“PublicHealthProblems（公共卫生问题广。下面的

段首句谈到“如果高科技革命以迅猛之势冲击垃圾填埋地，它给人类健康带来的危

险将会影响整个社会选项D用电子废物在美国垃圾场所占的比例来说明对垃圾

填埋场的冲击、对公共卫生和人类健康的影响。注意关键信息词的连接：hitsthe

landfill-thethreattosoil,drinkingwaterandpublichealthoB选项不能入选，因为

它只谈到电子废物的数量，而没有涉及本段小标题的中心思想——公共卫生。

18、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第3题的小标题是、、1heEuropeanSolution（欧洲的解决办法广。下面的

段首句谈到“在认识电子废物的危害以及寻求解决办法方面，欧盟走在了美国前

头”。选项C以欧盟对电子废物下达的第一个指令为例说明欧盟为处理电子废物所

采取的行动。

19、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：第4题的小标题是“HowWilltheU.S.Proceed?（美国将何去何

从?：T。下面的段首句谈到：美国的一些环境、保健、劳动和回收利用等组织和团

体以及地方政府组成了一个广泛的联盟，发起了一场“计算机回收运动”，支持在美

国实行欧盟式的立法行动。选项E以具体事例来说明美国的行动：Hundredsof

organizationsandlocalgovernmentsintheU.S.havealreadyendorsedthecampaign's

platform.ThecampaignadvocatesthattheU.S.adoptstandardsforelectronics

manufacturersatleastasstringentasthoseadoptedbytheEU…考生在解题时应注意论

点与论据中关键信息词的连接，如：theU.S.high-tech—Hundredsof

organizationsandlocalgovernmentsintheU.S.。比外，应注意论点和论据在逻辑

上的一致性。

20、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第5题的小标题是“GoGlobal（走向全球化）“。下面的段首句谈到，欧

洲的解决办法不仅治标，而且治本。A选项说明，如果美国也这样做，就可以开始

在全球范围内清除这个“无污染工业”的污染了。可见，这一表述与小标题及段首句

在逻辑上是一致的。

Itslongbeenknown,butlittlediscussedinpolitehigh-techcircles,thatinformation-age

technologyisnotthecleanindustryitclaimstobe.ManufacturingasinglePCcan

generate139poundsofwasteandinvolvesahostofchemicalslinkedtohighratesof

cancerandhirthdefectsamongworkersandcominnnifies.1.Disposalcrisisofe-waste

Electronicwaste（e-waste）-suchasobsoleteanddiscardedcomputers,monitors,printers,

cellphones,andtelevisions一isoneofthefastestgrowingwastestreamsinthedeveloped

world,thankstotheindustry'sphilosophyof"designforimmediateobsolescence"anda

weakclcctronics-rccyclinginfrastructure.2.PublichealthproblemsIfthefullforceofthe

high-techrevolutionhitsthelandfill,itshealthriskswillleavenocommunityuntouched.

3.TheeuropcansolutionTheEuropeanUnioniswayaheadoftheU.S.inrecognizing

thehazardsandmovingtowardsasolution.4.HowwilltheU.S.proceed?Becausethe

U.S.high-techindustryanditsfriendsinWashingtonrepresentthebiggestobstaclesto

theglobalizationoftake-backlaws,abroadcoalitionofenvironmental,health,labor,and

recyclinggroupsandlocalgovernmentshasformedtheComputerTakeBackCampaign

tosupportEU-stylelegislationintheU.S.5.GoingglobalTheEuropeanapproachis

morethanaminor"softwarepatch"onafundamentallyflawedprogram.Byestablishing

corporateresponsibilityforproductsattheendoftheirlives,thisstrategycouldhave

wide-rangingeffectsontheinformationtechnologyindustry.TheEUapproachspreads

environmentalbenefitsgloballyratherthanshiftingpollutiontodevelopingnations.[A]If

wecanadopttheEU'scodeintheU.S.,wecandoabitofreverseengineeringon

globalization.BydownloadingEurope'sprogramtotheU.S.,wecanfinallybeginto

cleanupthe"cleanindustry"aroundtheglobe.[B]Anestimated300to500million

computerswilldescendonlandfillsby2007intheU.S.alone.Three-quartersofall

computerseversoldinthiscountryawaitdisposalingaragesandstoragefacilities

becausetheirownersdon'tknowwhattodowiththem.[C]ThefirstEuropeanUnion

directiveone-wastc,adoptedlastyear,requiresproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthe

entirelifecycleoftheirproducts.By2005,companieswilleitherhavetotakeback

productsdirectlyfromconsumersorfundindependentcollectorstodoso.Wastethatwas

generatedpriortotheenactmentdatewillbetheresponsibilityofallexistingcompanies,

inproportiontotheirmarketshare.Futurewasteistobetheindividualresponsibilityof

eachcompany,therebycreatinganincentivetoredesignproductsfbreasierandsafer

recyclinganddisposal.Noe-wastewillbeallowedinmunicipalwastestreams.[D]E-

wastcaccountsfor5percentofallsolidwasteinAmericabutapproximately40percent

ofthelead,70percentoftheheavymetals,andasignificantportionoftheorganic

chemicalpollutantsinAmerica1sdumps.Thise-wastecanleachintotheground,asit

didintheSiliconValley.Itwasthewidespreadcontaminationofthevalley'saquifersin

theearly1980sthatinitiallypuncturedthehigh-techindustry'scleanimage.

Currently:therearemoreEPAsuperfundcleanupsitesinthisvalleythananywhereelse

intheU.S.Thethreattosoil,drinkingwaterandpublichealthwillgrowase-waste

surgesintothewastestreamworldwide.[EJHundredsoforganizationsandlocal

governmentsintheU.S.havealreadyendorsedthecampaign'splatform.Thecampaign

advocatesthattheU.S.adoptstandardsforelectronicsmanufacturersalleastasstringent

asthoseadoptedbytheEU:hazardousmaterialswouldbephasedout,andallelectronics

wouldbedesignedforreuseandrecycling.Thecampaignhassparkedalegislative

groundswell.Inthepastyearalone,20stateshaveintroducedlegislationtoaddresse-

waste.[F]Localgovernmentsandtaxpayersnowpickupthetabforthedisposalofe-

wastc.ThestateofCalifornia,forexample,facesanestimated$1billioninc-wastc

disposalcostsoverthenextfewyears.

21、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第1题的小标题是“DisposalCrisisofE-waste（电子废物处理危机）

下面的段首句谈到“由于电子行业奉行‘快速淘汰’的设计理念以及回收利用电子产

品的基础设施脆弱难支，电子废物（称为c废物）如过时并被丢弃的计算机、监视

器、打印机、手机、电视等——已成为发达国家中增长速度最快的废物种类之

一”。选项B用具体数据说明了美国电子废物的严重状况及影响。

22、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第2题的小标题是“PublicHealthProblems（公共卫生问题）”。下面的

段首句谈到“如果高科技革命以迅猛之势冲击垃圾填埋地，它给人类健康带来的危

险将会影响整个社会选项D用电子废物在美国垃圾场所占的比例来说明对垃圾

填埋场的冲击、对公共卫生和人类健康的影响。注意关键信息词的连接：hitsthe

landfill一thethreattosoil,drinkingwaterandpublichealth<>B选项不能入选，因为

它只谈到电子废物的数量，而没有涉及本段小标题的中心思想——公共卫生。

23、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第3题的小标题是“TheEuropeanSolution（欧洲的解决办法）下面的

段首句谈到“在认识电子废物的危害以及寻求解决办法方面，欧盟走在了美国前

头”。选项C以欧盟对电子废物下达的第一个指令为例说明欧盟为处理电子废物所

采取的行动。

24、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：第4题的小标题是“HowW川theU.S.Proceed?（美国将何去何

从?广。下面的段首句谈到：美国的一些环境、保健、劳动和回收利用等组织和团

体以及地方政府组成了一个广泛的联盟，发起了一场“计算机回收运动”，支持在美

国实行欧盟式的立法行动。选项E以具体事例来说明美国的行动：Hundredsof

organizationsandlocalgovernmentsintheU.S.havealreadyendorsedthecampaign's

platform.ThecampaignadvocatesthattheU.S.adoptstandardsforelectronics

manufacturersatleastasstringentasthoseadoptedby:heEU…考生在解题时应注意论

点与论据中关键信息词的连接,如：theU.S.high-tech—Hundredsof

organizationsandlocalgovernmentsintheU.S.。比外，应注意论点和论据在逻辑

卜的一数件c

25、

标准答案:A

知识点解析•：第5题的小标题是“G。Global（走向全球化广。下面的段首句谈到，欧

洲的解决办法不仅治标，而且治本。A选项说明，如果美国也这样做，就可以开始

在全球范围内清除这个“无污染工业”的污染了。可见，这一表述与小标题及段首句

在逻辑上是一致的。

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstorieson

newsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"

thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpages

aside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakea

physicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it's

excessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesamesetoffinancial

constraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintandsales

stilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition

wouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn't

wastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittheright

way."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,"he

said,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreally

upsetwithyou."Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.Perettigivesthe

exampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming."Itwas

seenasablunder,"hesaid.Themoreturnedoutlobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwerein

changeattheTimes?"Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,Hhesaid."Iwouldraiseprices

andmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgetthe

producttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthe

qualityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeel

likeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid."Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearand

essentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.1'Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakea

printproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessed