新译林版初中八年级上册英语全册单元测试卷（含期中期末试卷）

新译林版初中英语八年级上册

全册单元测试卷

（含单元测试卷、1套期中试卷和2套期末试卷）

Unit1单元过关卷

时间：100分钟满分：120分

听力部分（20分）

I.关键词语选择（每小题1分，满分5分）

1.A.phonesB.photosC.radio

2.A.busJvB.lazJvC.easy

3.A.hurtB.hideC.help

4.A.liftB.leftC.list

5.A.keeponB.putonC.geton

n.短对话理解（每小题i分，满分5分）

6.Whatdoesthemanwant?

7.Whatdoesthewomanprefer?

9.Howdoesthewomanrelaxherself?

in.长对话理解（每小题i分，满分5分）

听下面一段对话，回答第11一12小题：

11.HowlongwillTonystayathome?

A.Twodays.B.Threedays.

C.Fourdays.

12.What'swrongwithTony?

A.Hehasabadcold.B.Hehasatoothache.

C.Hehasastomachache.

听下面一段对话，回答第13—15小题：

13.What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Motherandson.

C.Brotherandsister.

14.What'sthewomandoingnow?

A.Doingsomecooking.B.Doingsomereading.

C.Doingsomewashing.

15.Wherewillthemanwaitforthewoman?

A.Inthegarden.B.Nearthegarden.

C.Nearthepark.

M信息转换（每小题1分，满分5分）

LifeinBritain

HousesManypeopleinBritain16inhouseswithgardens.

Officeworkersworkfromabout9:00a.m.toabout5:00p.m.,

Dailylife

andtheydon'tgohomefor17

Peopleusuallyhavea18____mealintheevening.

SchoolClassesbeginatabout19.____o'clockinthemorning.

lifeThcvJhavedifferentactivitiesafterschool.

Shopsopenataboutnineandcloseataboutsixon2().

Shops

Manysupermarketsstayopentwenty-fourhours.

笔试部分(10()分)

V.单项填空(每小题1分，满分1()分)

21.Itisusefultoolformetofixthepicture.

A.anB./C.aD.the

22—WhafsTom's?

一Well,heisalmost1.8metrestail.

A.ageB.heightC.weightD.hobby

23.Momoftentellshimglassesinclass.

A.towearingB.wearC.toputonD.puton

24.—Isthereleftinthefridge?

—Onlysomeeggs.

A.nothingelseB.elseanything

C.somethingelseD.anythingelse

25.Bettyiswillingothers.Wealllikeher.

A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.tohelp

26.youhitthehorse,itwillgo.

A.Hard;fastB.Theharder；thefaster

C.Thehard；thefastD.Harder;faster

27.MrLeemadeTomhishomeworkafterschool.ThismadeTom

A.todo;sadB.do;sadlyC.do;sadD.did;sadly

28.Beijingisoneofintheworld.

A.themostbeautifulcountries

B.themostbeautifulcities

C.theverybeautifulcities

D.theverybeautifulcountries

29.Jackyissocareless.Hemybooksandpensthefloorwhenhe

walkedpastmydeskjustnow.

A.turned；overB.knocked；onto

C.knocked；overD.turned；onto

30.—Iwillhaveanimportantmatchtomorrow.IhopeIwillwin.

A.GoodluckB.Noidea

C.That'ssuchapityD.Itsallright

VI.完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分）

OnesummerImetmybestfriendLisaforthefirsttime.Ihidbehindmymother

andshehidbehindhergrandmother,31tolookateachother.Butsoon,westarted

playingwitheachother.Noneofmynewfriendslikedher32theyknewshehad

“familyproblems”.However,wealwayshadgreat33together.LastyearI

noticedtheproblem.Iguessedsheneeded34thereforher.Well,shemadeanew

“bestfriendwandsodidI.ThenIdidn'tknowwhy,butshestartedcuttingherselfl

Shehadtogoto35duringtheday.1wasvery36atfirst,butlaterwegotin

touch（取得联系）.IwantedtobethereforherandIknewIstillcaredaboutherlikea

sister.Yesterdayshecamstomeandsaid,“1neverknew37abestfriendwas

before,andyouweretheonlypersonthatwould38mecutting,theonlyperson

thatevermademefeel39aboutmyself.Youdidn'tevenknowyouwerehelping

me.”Wcboth40.Soifafriendneedsyou,andyoucareforhimorher,youcan

befriendsforever.

31.A.afraidB.happyC.friendlyD.kind

32.A.tillB.beforeC.ifD.because

33.A.luckB.ideasC.toysD.fun

34.A.someoneB.nooneC.everyoneD.anvonc

J

35.A.schoolB.factoryC.homeD.hospital

36.A.happyB.excitedC.worriedD.tired

37.A.whereB.howC.whatD.why

38.A.helpB.stopC.seeD.hear

39.A.worseB.betterC.afraidD.sadder

40.A.criedB.jumpedC.ranD.failed

VL补全对话(每小题1分，满分5分)

根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为

多余选项。

A：Itissuchalovelyday.Ilovesunshine.

B：(41)_________

A:Ihopeitstayslikethis.

B:(42)________

A:Istheweatherusuallylikethishere?

B：No.It'susuallyabithotterthantoday.

A:(43)_________

B:It'sprettycoldanditoftensnowsinwinter.(44)

A:Alotliketheweatherhere,nottoohotortoocold.

B:Ihearditrainsalot.(45)

A:Mmm,yes.ltrainsbutnotmorethanotherplaces.

A.Ihopeso,too.B.What'stheweatherlikeinwinter?

C.Isthattrue?D.Idon'tthinkso.

vm.

E.Thankyouforyourkindness.F.Yes,it'sreallyaniceandbrightday.

G.Whataboutyourhometown?

Itwaslom'sbirthday,andhewasfiveyearsold.Hegotquitealototpresentsfrom

hisfamily.I[isgrandpagavehimabeautifulbigdrum(At).Ofallthepresents,Tomliked

hisdrumbest.Hemadeterriblenoisewithit,buthismotherdidn'tmind.Hisfatherwas

workinginthedaytimeandTomwasinbedwhenhegothomeintheevening.Sohe

didn'thearthenoise.Butoneofhisneighborsdidn'tlikethenoise.Soonemorningshe

tookaknifeandwenttoTom'shousewhenhewashittinghisdrum.Shesaidtohim,

KHello,Tom,doyouknowthereissomethingveryniceinsideyourdrum?Hereisa

knife.Openthedrumandlet'sfindit.”

46.HowoldwasTom?

A.Hewasfifteenyearsold.B.Hewasfive.

C.Hewasfifty.D.Hewashalfpastfive.

47.VCTiatdidhismotherthinkofhismakingterriblenoisewiththedrum?

A.Shecouldn'tstandit.

B.Shewaspleased（满意）withhisbehavior（行为），

C.Shedidn'tmind.

D.Wedon'tknow.

48.Whodidn'tlikethenoise?

A.Tom'smother.B.Tom'sneighbor.

C.Tom'sfather.D.Tom'sgrandpa.

49.HowdidTom'sneighbordealwith（处理）hisdrum?

A.SheliedtoTomthatsomethingnicewasinsidehisdrum.

B.Shecutthedrumopenwithaknife.

C.Shecalledthepolice.

D.Shedidn*tmindi:.

50.Wasthereanythingveryniceinthedrumreally?

A.No,therewas.B.Yes,therewasn't.

C.No,therewasn't.D.Yes,therewas.

B

Manyteenagersfeelthatthemostimportantpeop'eintheirlivesaretlieirfriends.

Theybelievethattheirfamilymembersdon'tknowthemaswellastheirfriendsdo.In

largefamilies,itisquiteoftenforbrothersandsisterstofightwitheachotherandthen

theycanonlygototheirfriendsforsomeideas.Itisveryimportantforteenagerstohave

goodfriendsoragroupoffriendsintheirlives.

Evenwhentheyarcnotwiththeirfriends,theyusuallyspendalotoftimetalkingon

thephone.Thiscommunicationisveryimportantinchildren'sgrowingup,because

friendscandiscusssomething.Thesethingsarcdifficulttosaytotheirfamilymembers.

However,parentsoftentrytochoosetheirchildren'sfriendsforthem.Someparents

evenstoptheirchildrenfrommeetingtheirgoodfriends.Haveyoueverthoughtofthe

followingquestions?

Whochoosesvourfriends?Doyouchoosevourfriendsorvourfriendschoose

JJJJ

you?Haveyougotagoodfriendyourparentsdon'tlike?

Youranswersarewelcome.

51.Manyteenagerstliinkthatcanunderstandthembetter.

A.friendsB.brothersC.sistersD.parents

52.isver\Timportanttoteenagers.

A.TomakefriendsB.Communication

C.TostopmeetingfriendsD.BothAandB.

53.Whenteenagershavesomethingdifficulttosaytotheirparents,theyusually

A.stayaloneathomeB.fightwiththeirparents

C.discussitwiththeirfriendsD.gototheirbrotherandsisterforhelp

54.Thesentence“Youranswersarewelcome."means""

A.Youarewelcometodiscussthequestionswithus.

B.We'vegotnoidea,soyouranswersarewelcome.

C.Youranswersarealwaysright.

D.Youcangiveusalltherightanswers.

C

Let*sGoSummerCamping!

Areyouinterestedinanimalsandnature?Wanttoenjoyyoursummerholiday

andlearnsomethinginterestinganduseful?

Herecomesyourchance!YouthExplorewillprepareaTHREE-DAY

SUMMERPROGRAMforyou!Youcantakepminmanyactivitiesandmeet

animals-giraffes,pandas,tigersandsoon!Moreinformationabouttheprogramis

asfollows：

Age:Studentsaged8^16

Groups:Thereare2programsforyoutochoosefrom.Eachprogramneedsat

most15students.

ProgramAProgramB

Dates:16-18July,2018Dates：7〜9August,2018

Days:MondaytoWednesdayDays：TuesdaytoThursday

Time:10:00a.m~4:00p.m.Time:10:00a.m~4:00p.m.

Programcost:S250fornon-members；halfformembers.

Howtodo：Simplycometoourcentretogetanapplicationform.Handinyour

formbefore13thJuly,2018（Friday）.

Notes

1.NOFREELUNCHESAREPROVIDEDbecauseofpersonalfood

differences.Youmayeitherbringalunch-boxorpayforlunchatour

restaurants.

2.Bothprogramswillstartadaylaterifthereisawarningofrainstorms.

COMEANDJOINUSNOW!!DONTMISSTHECHANCE!!

55.Howlongdocseachprogramlast?

A.Foroneday.B.Forsixdays.

C.Forthreedays.D.Forfourdays.

56.Onememberandtwonon-membersshouldpayfortheprogram.

A.$75（）B.$500

C.$625D.$375

57.Ifthereisarainstormon16thJuly,ProgramAwillstarton.

A.MondayB.Tuesday

C.WednesdayD.Thursday

D

阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题后面的词数要求）。

Ttisnoteasyforpeopletosail（航海）aroundtheworldinquitesmallboats.

Sometimestheweathergetsbad.Accidents（事故）canhappeneasilyandquickly.

Onefamilyoncehadanaccident.Abigfishswamundertheirboatandbitholes（洞）

init.Sea-watercamein2ndtheboatsoonwentdown.Luckilythesepeoplehadanother

smallboat-alifeboat,sotheyallgotintothelifeboat.Theylivedintheboatformany

days.Theyateandslept,andalwayshoped.Atlastpeopleinashipsavedthem.

Howdopeopleliveinaverysmalllifeboatforalongtime?Theymustbestrongin

everyway.Theymusthaveahope,andtheymusthaveastrongdesire（愿望）tolive.

Peoplecannotdrinkseawater.Iftheydrinkalotofseawater,theywillquicklydie.They

mustcatchrainwateranddrinkit.Theymustalsocatchfishandbirdsforfood.Lifeboats

donotoftencarrycookers.Sopeoplecannotcooktheirfoodinthelifeboats.Raw（生的）

fishandbirdsarenotvenTnicebuttheyaretlieironlyfood.Theymusteatrawfood,or

theywilldie.

58.Issailingaroundtheworldinquitesmallboatseasyordifficult?（不超过5个词）

59.Whatcanpeoplecatchforfoodanddrinkatseainalifeboat?（不超过10个词）

60.Whatdoyouthinkmakespeopleliveinaverysmallifeboatforalongtime?（不超

过15个词）

IX.单词拼写（每小题1分，满分5分）

61.Simonoftenreadsbooksorm（杂，志）inthereadingroom.

62.Hedoesn'tknowthes（游泳者的）names.

63.一What'sthew（重量）ofthepanda?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.

64.Aminutehas60s（秒）.

65.YaoMingisverytall.Ithinkheisa（几乎）2.26meterstall.

X.书面表达（20分）

以“Mybestfriend"为题写一篇介绍你朋友的作文。

要求：1.用完表格中所有信息，省略号部分自行发挥。

2.词数不少于80词，注意书写。

姓名Mike学校St.Paul'sSchool年级8

方脸，由于太多的家庭作业而戴眼镜，高且强壮，总是面带

外貌

微笑

性格及具体事

乐于助人，经常……；风趣，经常……；诚实，能保守秘密

例

男女合校，学校每天8点开始，3点结束

学校生活最喜欢的学科：数学、物理

各种各样的课外活动和俱乐部，可以……

未来计划....

Mybestfriend

Mikeisoneofmvbestfriends.

Unitl单元过关卷

听力部分

听力材料：

I.1.CanIhavealookatyourphotos,please?

2.I*dliketogowithyou,butI'mtoobusy.

3.Don'tforgettosaythankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.

4.Mr.Green'sofficeisonthe16thfloor.Youcantaketheliftthere.

5.Befriendlyandyou'llgetonwellwithothers.

II.6.M：Lily,couldyoupleasepassmetheruler?

W:Sure,hereyouare.

7.M：Tina,whichdoyoulikebetter,abananaoranapple?

W：Ipreferabanana.

8.W：Goodmorning,sir!WhatcanIdoforyou?

M：l*dliketobuyaskirtformydaughter.

9.M：Doyoulikesports,MissWhite?

W：Yes,Iusuallydosomerunningtorelaxmyself.

10.W：Hi,David.Whatanimalsdidyouseeinthezooyesterday?

M:Quiteafew,butthepandaismyfavourite.

HI.Text1

M：Hello!

W：Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?

M：Speaking.

W：ThisisMrs.King,Tony*smother.1wanttoaskforthreedays*leaveforhim.

M：Oh,what'swrongwithhim?

W：Hehasabadcold.Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveagoodrestathome.

M：I'msorrytohearthat.Ihopehewillgetwellsoon.

Text2

M：Mum,shallwegooutforawalk?

W：Goodidea.Butcanyouwaitafewminutes?Ihavetofinishwashingfirst.

M：Doesittakelong?

W：No,justabouttenminutes.

M：OK.Filwaitforyounearthegarden.

IV.AtthepresenttimemanyBritishpeopleliketoliveinhousesinsteadofhigh

buildingsandmosthouseshavegardens.

InBritain,officeworkersbegintoworkataboutnineinthemorningand

finishataboutfiveintheafternoon.Theydon'tgohomeforlunch.Peoplein

Britainusuallyeatabigmealintheevening.

Britishchildrenstartschoolataboutfiveyearsold,andleavewhentheyare

sixteenoreighteen.Classesbeginataboutteninthemorning,andfinishatabout

fourintheafternoon.Afterschool,theyhavedifferentactivities.ShopsinBritain

openataboutnineandcloseataboutsixonweekdays.Butmanysupermarketsstay

opentwenty-fourhours.

听力答案：

1.1-5BACAC

D.6-10AABBC

HI.11-15BABCB

IV.16.live17.lunch18.big19.ten/1020.weekdays

笔试部分

V.21.C点评：表示一个，辅音音素开头用a。

22.B

23.C点评：告诉某人做某事，tellsb.todosth.,强调动作用puton,wear

强调状态。

24.D点评：形容词在后，不定代词在前，一般疑问句中用anything。

25.D26.B

27.C点评：考查make的用法，makesb.dosth./make---adj.0

28.B29.B30.A

VI.31-35ADDAD36-40CCBBA

Vn.41-45FABGC

VIE.A)46-50BCBAC

B）51-54ADCA

C）55-57CCB

D）58.Itisdifficult.

59.Fishandbirdsforfoodandrainwaterfordrink.

60.Theymusthaveahope,andtlieymusthaveastrongdesiretolive.

IX.61.magazines62.swimmers*63.weight64.seconds65.almost

X.Onepossibleversion:

Mybestftiend

Mikeisoneofmybestfriends.HeisatSt.Paul'sSchool.HeisinGrade8.He

hasasquareface.Heistallandstrong.Thereisalwaysasmileonhisface.Hewears

glassesbecauseofalotofhomework.Heishelpfulandoftenhelpshisclassmates

withtheirlessons.Heishumorous.Heishonestandhecankeepasecret.His

schoolisamixedschool.Classesbeginat8o'clocka.m.andendat3o'clock.His

favoritesubjectismathandphysics.Hetakespartinallkindsofactivitiesandjoins

clubs.

Nowheisworkinghardandheisgoingtobeateacherinthefuture.Ullit2单兀过

关卷

时间：100分钟满分：120分

听力部分（20分）

I.关键词语选择（每小题1分，满分5分）

1.A.baseballB.basketballC.vollevJball

2.A.sweetsB.cookiesC.biscuits

3.A.classB.chessC.glass

4.A.soccerB.rubberC.eraser

5.A.attimesB.atmostC.atleast

n.短对话理解（每小题i分，满分5分）

6.WhatwillTeddotomorrowafternoon?

7.WhatdoesAlicewantPetertodothisevening?

8.WhatwillEmilvhavethisSaturday?

，J

9.WherewasDannyyesterday?

10.WherewillTony*sEnglishteachergo?

m.长对话理解（每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面一段对话，回答第11一12小题：

11.WheredidJuliagoyesterday?

A.Tothezoo.B.Tothehospital.C.Tothepark.

12.HowoftendoesMikeexercise?

A.Threetimesamonth.B.Twiceaweek.C.Everyday.

听下面一段对话，回答第13—15小题：

13.WhatdoesJohnlikedoing?

A.Playingbasketball.B.Playingtennis.C.Playingbadminton.

14.Howistheweathertodav?

J

A.It'scold.B.It*shot.C.It'scool.

15.WheredoesKatewanttogonow?

A.Totheschool.B.Tothepark.C.Tothelibrary.

J

W.信息转换（每小题1分，满分5分）

Tom'snewschoollife

Histeachersandclassmatesarcfriendlyand16.

Hisfavouritesubjectis17.

Hedoesmorning18everydayandplays19after

school.

HegoestotheReadingClub20aweek.

笔试部分（100分）

V.单项填空（每小题1分，满分10分）

21.ShenzhenisoncoastnearHongKong.Itwassmallvillage

manyyearsago.

A.a；theB.the；aC.不填；不填D.the；the

22.Johniskindandhelpful.Heoftenhisseattheoldonthebus.

j\.offers；toB.offers；/C.offers；withD.gives;/

23.Ifyouwanttobeslimmer,youshouldkeeponeveryday.

A.exerciseB.toexercise

C.exercisingD.toexercising

24.Thiscoatseemsmorebeautifulonyou.

A.lookB.tolookC.looksD.looking

25.—Sorry,Imyhomeworkathome.

-Nevermind.itheretomorrow.

A.forgot；TakeB.left；Bring

C.forgot；CarryD.left；Send

26.一Look!lt*srainingheavily!takearaincoatwithyou?

一Well,Viltakeonerightnow.

A.WhynotB.Whydon't

C.WouldJvoumind1）.WouldJvoulike

27.Afteryoudiscussityourdcskmatc,youmayknowtodeal

with（处理）it.

A.with;howB.with;whatC.for；howD.for；what

28.Lucyisa（n）student.Sheanswerstheteachers*questionsinher

class.

A.moreactive；moreactivelyB.active；moreactively

C.moreactive；themostactivelyD.active；themostactively

29.Mr.Wu,togetherwithhistwosonsearlyeverymorning.

A.practiserunningB.practisesrunning

C.practisestorunD.practisetorun

30.—MayIdosomesportsafterfinishingmyhomework?

—.Itisgoodforyourhealth.

A.IhopenotB.Sorry,youcan*t

C.OfcourseD.Yes,I*dloveto

VI.完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分）

Lastweekourschoolheldasportsmeeting.Everyoneinourclassfeltvery31

becausewewerethewinners.Intheboys*relayrace,Michael32veryfastandour

classwonthefirstplace.YuTingisgood33thelongjumpandshe34won.

We'resorrythatwe35inthehighjump,butwe'resurewe36dobetternext

time.Itookpartintheboys,37race.Ididmybestandwasthefirst38the

finishingline.Thisencourages39alot.NowIlovesportsbetter.1wanttobea

footballplayer.IwilltakemoreexerciseeverydayandIhopesomedayI4（）ableto

takepartintheOlympicGames.

31.A.worriedB.surprisedC.excitedD.frightened

32.A.runsB.ranC.runD.isrunning

33.A.forB.inC.toD.at.

34.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.aswell

35.A.dobadlyB.didbadlvC.dowellD.didwell

.

36.A.mightB.canC.can'tD.mustn't

37.A.400metreB.400metresC.4（X）metreD.400metre's

38.A.passesB.passC.passedD.topass

39.A.meB.himC.herD.vou

J

40.A.amB.beC.willbeD.was

vn.补全对话（每小题i分，满分5分）

根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两个为

多余选项。

A:Helen.(41)

B:Iwaswalkinghome.

A:Oh?(42)

B：Yes.Ilefttheclassroomalittlelate.WhenIgottotheschoolgate,Ifoundthebus

hadalreadyleft.

A:(43)_________

B：Atabouthalfpastsix.

A:(44)_________

B:Mymotherwascookingandmyfatherwastalkingonthephone.

A:(45)_________

B:Theschoolbusdriver.HewonderedwhyIhadn'tcomebackyet.

A.Whendidyougethomethen?

B.Howwastheweather?

vni.C.Whatwereyourparentsdoingwhenyougothome?

D.Wereyouexcitedatthattime?

rE.Whatwereyoudoingwhenthestormcame?ClassSix,and

JemaF.Whowashetalkingwith?uslikeplaying

tennisG.Didyoumisstheschoolbus?Sometimeswc

swiminthepoolorgoshoppingwithourfriendSarah.Sheisinourschooldanceclub

anddancesbeautifully.1wenttoJem^shousetoday.Itwasraining,sowecouldr.*tgo

out.KLet'swatchamovie,Jemasaid."You'remyguest(客人),Katy,soyoucan

pickit.

IpickedamoviecalledDanceofJoy.It*saboutagirlcalledSusanwholikesto

dance.SusanhasacatnamedAlbert.Albertchews(咬)herdancingshoes,soshecan't

danceanymore.Luckily,shegetsanewpairofdancingshoes.AlbertsurprisesSusanby

bringingherthenewshoesinhismouth.Itisawonderfulhappyending.ItoldJemaI

lovedthemovie.Shelaughedandsaidshefounditquiteboring.Sheonlykeptwatching

itbecauseIwasenjoyingitsomuch.Ifeltalittlebadaboutit,butit'snicetohavea

goodfriendlikejema.

46.FromParagraph1,wecanknowthat.

A.Jemahasmanyfriends

B.Katylikeswatchingmovies

C.KatyandJemaareinthesameclass

D.bothKatyandJemalikeplayingtennis

47.Whois/Mbert?

A.Susan'sdog.B.Susan'scat.C.Katy'sdog.D.Katy'scat.

48.JemathoughtthemovieDanceofjoy^^s.

A.relaxingB.helpfulC.boringD.scary

B

Tuesday,23rdFebruary

Itisthefirstschooldaytoday.Ihadmixedfeelings.Ifeltnervous,worried,happy

andexcited.MyheartwentdownwhenMissChensaidthatMatthewandBeth,two

studentsfromEngland,wouldspendthreemonthswithus!IwasworriedthatIhadto

speakEnglishtoomuch!Butattheendoftheschoolday,IfeltIenjoyedthewholeday.

Matthewisnice!HisEnglishisclearerandeasiertolistentothanIthought.Bethisa

helpfulgirl.

Therewerelotsofthingstodoonthefirstday.BethhelpedMissChenputupall

thenotices.Wefinishedpreparingforthepartyquickly,andthenBethandItalkedfora

while