高考英语一轮复习 词汇专项 第04讲 阅读理解高频单词+主题分类压轴词汇（练习）（原卷版）

第04讲阅读理解高频词、高频短语目录01模拟基础练【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练02重难创新练03真题实战练题型一阅读理解高频词基础练单项选择1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Thetwinsresembleverymuchinappearance.Wecouldn’t_________themout.A．figure B．carryC．spot D．turn2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）Ithasbeen________thatthisdrugiseffective.A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Ticketsarelimitedandwillbe________tothosewhoapplyfirst.A．relieved B．allocated C．alleviated D．investigated4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwill________afullinvestigationintotheaccident.A．advocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Atanytime,wemust________greatimportancetotheworkofspeedingupdevelopingnewproducts.A．attach B．appeal C．stick D．commit6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Asymphonyorchestrais__________ofavarietyofbrass,woodwind,percussionandstringedinstruments.A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）Thepublic________thegovernmentfortakingpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.A．exploited B．applauded C．dismissed D．arrested8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）Byjoiningtheclub,notonlyhaveI________basicwritingskills,butIalsomadesomenewfriendswithsimilarhobbies.A．deserved B．calculated C．categorized D．acquired9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）SomeregardAIasapotentialmajorthreattohumans.However,others_________thisfear.A．appreciate B．dismiss C．address D．recall10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Onarrivalatthevillage,theauthorwas_________warmlybylocalvillagers.A．recorded B．recognized C．received D．refreshed11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）Thesearticles________theproblemsofthemodernworld,includingracerelationsandcommunitydevelopment.A．address B．accelerateC．accumulate D．disturb12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Someanimalandplantspeciesgraduallywentextinctbecausetheycouldn’t_________totherapidlychangingconditionsinthisarea.A．fall B．accommodate C．belong D．contribute13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）ApartfromteachingFrench,Martin_________tennisinhissparetime.A．coached B．addressed C．batted D．greeted14．（2023·天津·一模）Theearliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans’earliestmeansof_________goodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead.A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Fossilfuelsarenon-renewable,whosereserveswillbeuseduponedayinthefuture.Incontrast,renewableenergysourcesarebasically__________,andwillbeavailabletousforafewbillionmoreyears.A．inadequate B．inexhaustible C．inaccessible D．inflexible16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）WhenIreceivedtheacceptanceletterfrommydreamuniversity,Iwas_________.Icouldn’tcontainmyjoyandexcitement.A．nervous B．ecstatic C．embarrassed D．furious17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）Thehardestpartofgoingbacktocollegewasfeeling________aboutthetimeIspentawayfrommykids.A．ridiculous B．confident C．guilty D．excited18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）WiththedevelopmentofAI,thelinebetweenhumansandrobotswillbemore_________inthefuture.A．absurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Clairefoundit_________thatshe,ahumanbeing,wasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot.A．superior B．ridiculous C．straightforward D．thrilling20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）TheiconicBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthe“Bird’sNest”,hasa________of80,000.A．distribution B．capacity C．profile D．frequency题型二阅读理解高频短语基础练单项选择21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）AlthoughIwasdisappointedatthattime,__________itisagoodthingIdidnotgetthatjobbecauseitwouldputmefarawayfrommyfamily.A．inaway B．inmyway C．bynomeans D．byallmeans22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Asthesunbegantorise,adeepsenseofwell-being__________me.Isuddenlyfeltfullofhopeandenergyagain.A．hungover B．fellover C．turnedover D．washedover23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Wearerunningaflowershop,andfemales__________thevastmajorityofourcustomers.A．accountfor B．kickoff C．giveriseto D．takein24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）TheconflictbetweenRussiaandUkraine________ontheFeb.24th,2022.A．stoodout B．gotthrough C．tookin D．brokeout25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Weshould________thedisagreementsbetweenbothsidesonhowtobuildupascientific,strict,flexibleandeffectivesysteminordertofurtherpromotecloserrelationship.A．putaside B．putup C．putaway D．putdown26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—DidJohnsonpasstheexamination?—No.Oftenstayinguplatemadehimathisworst________physicalsituation.A．infavorof B．intermsof C．inchargeof D．incaseof27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Workhardandpractisemore,andyoureffortwill__________.A．payoff B．giveway C．carryon D．burstonto28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Youshouldn’t_________thatItakecareofyourpetdog.A．takeiteasy B．takeitforgranted C．takeitseriously D．takeyourtime29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bears_________fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A．packup B．buildup C．bringup D．takeup30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）WhenyouarefacedwithobstaclesinSenior3,trynottoletdiscouragingthoughts_______.Beoptimisticandtrustyourself,andyou’llmakeit.A．takeover B．takeup C．takeon D．takein阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Passage1体裁：说明文主题：研究发现AnewstudyledbyresearchersattheYaleSchoolofPublicHealthfindsairpollutionmaynegativelyimpactstandardizedtestscores.UsingdatafromtheNorthCarolinaEducationResearchDataCenter,theresearcherstracked2.8millionpublicschoolstudentsinNorthCarolinafrom2001to2018andmeasuredtheirexposuretoPM2.5foundinpollutedair.Whilepreviousresearchhasshownnegativeeffectsonacademicperformance,ithasreliedonrelativelysmallorlessrepresentativesamples.“ThebiggeststrengthofthisstudyisthatwetrackedeverystudentinNorthCarolinainthoseyears,forthewholetimeperiodthattheywereinthepublicschools,”saidEmmaZang,coauthorofthestudy.Thestudyalsofindsthattestscoresofethnicminoritiesandgirlsaredisproportionately(不成比例地)impactedbyPM2.5levels.“Femalesandethnicminoritiesfacesexismandracism,”saidZang.“Therearealotofpoliciesthatarenotfriendlytowardsthem.So,whenthey’reexposedtothesamelevelofairpollution,theydon’thavetheresourcestolessenthenegativeinfluences.”Moreprivilegedpopulations,however,mighthavemoreresourcesthatallowthemtoliveinabetterenvironment,suchasinhouseswithairpurifiers.“ThelevelofPM2.5pollutionintheUSisrelativelylow,butstudentslivinginareasbelowthecurrentairqualitystandardofannualPM2.5concentrationarestillnegativelyimpactedbyairpollutionwhenitcomestotheirtestscores,”saidZang.“WeshouldaimtostrengthentheannualPM2.5standardtobetterprotectourchildren.”Airpollutionisknowntocontributetodiseaseanddeath,anditalsonegativelyaffectsstudents’academicperformanceevenatlowlevelsofpollution.Thesubsequentstudies,theresearcherssaid,wouldinvolvelookingatwhetherthefindingsholdtrueindifferentareas,andalsothereasonsbehindtheethnicandsexualdifferences.31．What’sthegreatestadvantageofthestudy?A．Trackingeachstudentfor18years. B．Collectingmorecomprehensivedata.C．Measuringstudents’PM2.5exposureprecisely. D．Buildinglinksbetweenairpollutionandtestscores.32．AccordingtoZang,ethnicminoritiesandgirls________.A．benefitfromcurrentpoliciesonPM2.5pollutionB．havethelowesttestscoresduetotheiridentitiesC．lackresourcestoreducetheimpactofairpollutionD．sufferfromeducationalinequalitiesowingtotheirbackground33．What’sZangdoinginparagraph3?A．Offeringasuggestion. B．Raisingadoubt.C．Makingacomparison. D．Givingaprediction.34．Whatmightbethefocusofthefollow-upstudies?A．Applicabilityofthefindingstootherregions. B．Waystoaddressracialandsexualdifferences.C．Long-termimpactsofairpollutiononchildren. D．EstablishmentofPM2.5standardfitforchildren.Passage2体裁：议论文主题：网络攻击的问题探讨Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebecomecommonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作恶者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(骚扰)behavior.Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Arewe-atourcore-aggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.Asanevolutionaryanthropologist,Ihavespentyearsresearchingourtransformationasaspecies.Overthepasttwomillionyears,wehaveevolvedfromgroupsofapelikebeingsarmedwithsticksandstonestothecreatorsofcars,rockets,andnations.Ourbiggerbrainshaveallowedustobondandcooperateinmorecomplexanddiversewaysthananyotheranimal.Meanwhile,“youarewhomyoumeet.”Howweperceive,experience,andactintheworldisshapedbywhoandwhatsurroundusonadailybasis.Thisprocesshasdeepevolutionaryrootsandgiveshumanswhatwecallasharedreality.Iwouldarguethattheriseinonlineaggressionisaproductofourevolutionarysocialskills,thesocialmediaboom,andthespecificpolitical,economicandsocialcontextwherewefindourselves.Thisexplosivecombinationhasopenedupaspaceforincreasinglymorepeopletofantheflamesofaggressionandinsultonline.Aggressivebehavior-especiallytothoseyoudon’thavetoconfrontface-to-face-iseasierthanit’severbeen.Andfortheaggressor,thereareoftennoconsequences.Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.35．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraphtworeferto?A．Hatecrimesontherise. B．Growingpoliticaldivisions.C．Considerableonlinebitterness. D．Thetransformationofhumans.36．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic.37．Whatdoestheauthorproposetoaddresstheissueofgrowingaggression?A．Embracingouraggressivenaturetocompeteintoday’sworld.B．Strengtheninglawstoholdperpetratorsresponsiblefortheironlineactions.C．Promotingpositivebehaviorsandinteractionsinbothreal-lifeanddigitalspaces.D．Focusingonlyonreducinganonymityontheinternettoreduceoffensivebehavior.38．Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A．Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.B．Theinfluenceofevolutiononourbehavior.C．Thereasonsbehindrisingonlineaggression.D．Thefactorsinthesocialmediadevelopment.Passage3体裁：说明文主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响Initialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.Inourstudies,participantsintheUKtalkedwithsomeonetheyhadnevermetbefore.Afterward,theywereaskedhowmuchtheylikedtheirconversationpartnerandhowmuchtheybelievedthattheirconversationpartnerlikedthem.Thisallowedustocomparehowmuchpeoplebelievedtheywerelikedtohowmuchtheywereactuallyliked.Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“likinggap”.Thisbias(偏见)mayseemlikesomethingthatwouldoccuronlyininitialinteractions,butitseffectsextendfarbeyondafirstimpression.Surprisingly,thelikinggapcanconstantlyaffectavarietyofrelationships,includinginteractionswithcoworkers,longaftertheinitialconversationshavetakenplace.Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.39．Whydidtheauthorcarryout10yearsofresearch?A．Todismissnationalconcerns. B．Tocheckoutapotentialbias.C．Toenhancehumancommunication. D．Todevelopharmoniousrelationships.40．Whatisoneeffectofpeople’slikinggap?A．Fewerchancesofnewprojects. B．Underestimationoftheirability.C．Badrelationshipswithpeoplearound. D．Lowwillingnesstointeractwithothers.41．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Restateopinions. B．Deliverwarnings. C．Givesuggestions. D．Makeasummary.42．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LikingGapMayInfluenceWorkPerformancesB．FirstImpressionsRelyOnInitialConversationsC．PeopleProbablyLikeYouMoreThanYouThinkD．HowPeopleLikeYouMattersLessThanYouAssume1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龙卷风)formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.8.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?A.Conservemoistureinthesoil. B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms. D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.9.Whoareopposedtotheproject?A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta. B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.C.Provincialgovernmentofficials. D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton10.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.2.（2023年全国甲卷D篇）Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to8