2026初中英语语法主谓一致知识点讲解复习课件

第十三讲

There

be句型和主谓一致中考考点知识清单

There

be

句型

There

be句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”，是倒装句的一种。1.There

be句型的主谓一致：

be动词要和后面所跟的名词在人称和数方面保持一致。在有并列主语的情况下，要根据第一个主语的单复数来确定be动词的单复数形式。如：There

is

a

teacher

and

ten

students

in

the

classroom.

教室里有一个老师和十个学生。There

are

ten

students

and

a

teacher

in

the

classroom.

教室里有十个学生和一个老师。2.There

be句型的一般疑问句和否定句：

“There+be+sb./sth.”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not、not

any或no。若变为一般疑问句，则需要把be动词提到句首。如：There

aren't

any

cakes

on

the

table.桌子上没有任何蛋糕了。Is

there

any

milk

in

the

bottle?瓶子里还有牛奶吗？3.There

be句型的各种时态：★一般现在时：There

is/are

…★一般过去时：There

was/were

…★一般将来时：①There

is/are

going

to

be

…②There

will

be

…

There

be句型还可用there

must

be、there

can't

be、there

used

tobe等。如：There

used

to

be

a

factory,

but

now

there

is

a

garden.那里过去曾经是一个工厂，但现在是一个花园。4.There

be句型与have/has的区别：

There

be句型强调“某处存在某物或某人”；而have/has的主语往往是人，意为“某人拥有……”,强调所属关系。如：There

are

a

lot

of

people

in

the

park

on

Saturdays.

周六公园里有很多人。Jack

has

two

sisters

and

one

brother.杰克有两个姐姐和一个哥哥。5.“There

be

sb.

doing

sth.+地点/时间.”表示“某地/某时有某人正在做某事”。如：There

is

a

boy

sleeping

in

the

room.有一个男孩正在房间里睡觉。

主谓一致

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。#11.语法一致原则（1）单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Rice

is

grown

in

the

south

of

China.中国南方种植水稻。Seeing

is

believing.

眼见为实。What

he

said

encouraged

me

a

lot.他所说的话深深地鼓舞了我。#8（2）主语为复数名词或由连接词and或both

…

and

…

连接两个并列主语时，后面要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：The

children

are

playing

outside.孩子们正在外面玩。Tom

and

Mike

are

good

friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。#13（3）“either/neither/each/every/no+单数名词”和由some、any、no、every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Every

child

is

happy

now.现在每个孩子都是快乐的了。Nobody

likes

to

lose.

没有人喜欢失败。（4）“one

of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One

of

my

friends

is

a

volunteer.我的一位朋友是志愿者。#20（5）在主语后面有with、together

with、along

with、except、as

wellas

等连接的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍与主语保持一致，不受这些词或短语的影响。如：The

boy

together

with

his

parents

has

been

to

Shanghai

before.这个男孩以前和他的父母一起去过上海。#23（6）“some

of/most

of/all

of/a

lot

of/lots

of/plenty

of/分数+of/…percent

of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据名词的单复数而定。如：Three

fourths

of

the

students

are

from

the

town.

四分之三的学生来自那个城镇。Most

of

the

water

in

this

area

is

polluted.这个地区大部分的水都被污染了。#27（7）复数形式的物体名词，如glasses、shoes、trousers、chopsticks、scissors

等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果这类名词前有

pair

of修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：Where

are

my

shoes?

I

can't

find

them.我的鞋在哪里？我找不到它们了。My

new

pair

of

trousers

is

on

the

bed.我的新裤子在床上。#322.意义一致原则（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Three

years

has

passed.

三年已经过去了。Ten

dollars

is

too

dear.

十美元太贵了。（2）有些集合名词，如family、team、class等作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若指其中每个成员，则用复数。如：My

family

is

a

big

one.

我有一个大家庭。My

family

are

watching

TV.我的家人们正在看电视。#40（3）集合名词，如people、police、clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。形式为复数而意义却为单数的名词，如news、physics、maths、theUnited

States等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The

police

are

looking

for

the

lost

boy.警察们正在寻找那个丢失的男孩。Physics

is

very

hard.

物理学科很难。#44（4）不定代词all、most、more、some、any、none作主语时，要根据这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：All

of

the

work

has

been

finished.所有的工作都已经被完成了。All

of

the

people

have

gone

to

the

meeting

room.

所有人都已经去了会议室。#48（5）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。如：Who

is

your

brother?谁是你的弟弟/哥哥？Who

are

League

members?谁是团员？（6）“a

number

of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumber

of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A

number

of

students

are

planting

trees.许多学生在植树。The

number

of

the

students

in

our

school

is3，000.

我校的学生数量是3

000。#55（7）“the+形容词”作主语，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The

old

are

taken

good

care

of

in

our

city.在我们的城市，老人们受到了很好的照顾。#583.就近一致原则（1）由or、either

…

or

…

、neither

…

nor

…

、not

only

…

butalso

…

等连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。如：One

or

two

days

are

enough

to

see

the

city.游览这个城市一两天就够了。Either

you

or

I

am

wrong.不是你错就是我错。#64（2）在Here/There

be句型中，如果有两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。如：Here

are

some

books

and

paper

for

you.给你一些书和纸。#67中考考场实践演练Ⅰ.根据句意及所给提示完成句子。1.（2025，武威改编）Look！

There

___（be）

a

notebook

and

threekeys

on

the

desk.2.（2025，武威改编）New

Year

is

a

wonderful

time

when

family

andfriends

____（be）

together.3.（2025，绥化改编）My

mother

with

her

students

___（be）

goingto

volunteer

at

the

old

people's

home

next

week.4.（2025，黑龙江龙东地区）There

___（be）

no

yogurt

and

notomatoes

on

the

shopping

list.

We

need

to

add

them

to

the

salad.isareisis5.（2025，内蒙古）The

309-kilometer

line

is

designed

for

trainsrunning

at

up

to

250

kilometers

per

hour，

and

runs

betweenUlaanqab

in

Inner

Mongolia

and

Yuanping

in

Shanxi.

There

____（be）

nine

stops

and

the

line

cuts

the

travel

time

between

Hohhotand

Taiyuan

by

nearly

2

hours.are6.（2024，绥化改编）In

China，

a

number

of

birthday

persons

____（eat）

cakes

with

candles.

The

number

of

candles

___（be）

theperson's

age.eatis7.There

________（be）

a

basketball

match

against

Hope

MiddleSchool.

I'm

looking

forward

to

it.will

be8.Everyone

except

Mike

___（be）

going

to

play

basketball

becausehe

doesn't

like

it.9.Doing

exercise

in

a

scientific

way

___（be）

healthy

for

both

ourbody

and

mind.10.There

______（be）

many

people

on

the

square

last

night.isiswereⅡ.短文填空。

阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。A（2025,长沙改编）

I

have

always

loved

reading

books

that

were

written

hundreds

oreven

thousands

of

years

ago.

These

are

the

literature

classics（文学经典），

and

they

1.

____（be）

of

lasting

value.

2.

_____

example，The

Iliad，

written

almost

three

3.__________（thousand）

years

ago，tells

us

about

the

good

and

bad

qualities（品质）

of

human

nature；that

is

to

say，

we

can

be

heroic

and

silly

at

4.____

same

time.areForthousandthe

China

5.

_____（have）

its

own

long

history

of

classical

literaturethat

dates

back

to

The

Four

Books

and

The

Five

Classics.

Thesebooks

6.

_____________（write）

before

the

Qin

Dynasty.

No

one

wasconsidered

educated

unless

they

had

read

these

classics.

Even

today，students

are

encouraged

7.

________（read）

The

Analects

ofConfucius（《论语》）.

There

8.

____（be）

also

newer

classics

than

those

above，

suchas

Journey

to

the

West

and

The

Dream

of

Red

Mansions.

Still，

manypeople

don't

want

to

read

them

9.

________

they

are

long

and

havehaswere

writtento

readarebecausecomplex

plots（复杂的情节）.

But

they

are

great

10.

_______（story）which

also

show

the

goodness

and

11.

__________（weak）

of

humannature.

Are

you

interested

12.

___

learning

more

about

the

classics？Just

reading

some

of

them

will

give

you

a

13.

_______（good）understanding

of

the

basis（基础）

of

culture

then.

Also

they

14.__________（help）

you

better

understand

yourself

and

others.

15._______（slow）

but

surely，

you

will

fall

in

love

with

them.#1.1.4storiesweaknessinbetterwill

helpSlowlyB（2024，眉山改编）

Hot

pot，

mapo

tofu

and

Fish

Filets

in

Hot

Chili

Oil（水煮鱼）

—

these

dishes

1.

____（be）

well-known

in

China.

And

they

allhave

one

thing

2.

___

common：

They're

very

numbing（麻的）

andspicy（辣的）.“Numbing

and

spicy”

3.

___（be）

a

special

phrasewhich

4.

________（use）

to

describe

Sichuan

food.

Generally，Sichuan

cooks

5.

____（be）

good

at

using

Pixian

Broad

Bean

Paste（郫县豆瓣酱）.

It

6.

________（see）

as

“the

soul（灵魂）

ofareinisis

usedareis

seenSichuan

dishes”

by

many

people.

As

a

result，

they

are

quitedifferent

7.

______

the

dried

and

spicy

Huna