2021-2025年高考英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解议论文解析版

\\五年真题（202L2025）

与题13闵禳理解衩卷次

五年考情•探规律

考点五年考情（2021-2025）命题趋势

2021新课标1卷一情商的研究与期望;1.议论文的题材多样化、知识

考点1人与自我类

化，它包括社会科学的多个领

2021全国甲卷一天才有多种形式；

议论文

域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科

2021天津卷一当杂家还是专家；

（5年4考）

学和教育等各个方面，以及和自

2019天津卷一成功需要不断学习。

然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为

本的特点。

2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的

2025全国一卷一重视城市宜居性；

开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的

2025八省联考卷一产品设计去性别化；

主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了

新课标卷一数字阅读与纸质阅读；

20241作者的观点，从而把握了文章的

全国甲卷一小说结局引起的思考；

2024中心思想。

考点2人与社会类

2023全国乙卷一研究历史需要物证；

议论文3.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的

2022北京卷一对量子计算机看法：

（5年10考）尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事

天津卷一美好生活的秘诀；

2022例和分论点的归纳和概括。

2020北京卷一通用人工智能可能性;

4.抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论

全国卷一中国美学影响国际时尚;

2019III文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出

北京卷一无人驾驶汽车的前景。

2018的观点、给出的例证及最后得出

的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把

握了中心。

分考点•精准练

考点1人与自我类议论文

【2021新课标I卷】

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Many

peoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannot

bemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”

Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefar

beyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedfbreithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbestto

helpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoverallefleetsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublic

andresearchersre-evaluatethefiinctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwill

exciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincoiningdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

Emotionalintelligence,withitsfbcusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson*spositivequalities.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater"inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsfbrftiturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B

【导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同

时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。

32.Do细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmost

everythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,

motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills'."可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人

的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。

33.B。推理判断题。第二段首句"Wcprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcan

beusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由比推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概

念的解释。

34.Ao推理判断题。根据题干中的“theauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定

位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadof

whatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthan

harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据"Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和

“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。

35.Bo主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceis

desirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyof

emotion.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究

和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的"Itisourhopethatincoiningdecades,advancesinsciencewill

offernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.”可知,我们希望在未来的

数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研窕的期

望。

【2021全国甲卷】

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfbrgenius.Butwewant

togobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearcsomuchmore

intelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthis

isnotasurprise.ICssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsfbradmissionto

thegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferent

colororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarclesslikelythanboystosaythat

membersoftheirgender（性别）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefbrchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart."Canourplanet

affordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:

absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeHashes

ofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）1ikegender,

race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith

^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoarcabletochangetheworld.”

32.Whatdocstheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsfbrjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconsenative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

33.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs

34.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors*concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

【答案】32.A33.D34.A35.B

【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天

才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。

32.Ao推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthe

standardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidethe

club-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.（据说

历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不

同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝）”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”

对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认

的。

33.Do推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesix

theystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”（更糟糕的是，研究发现女

孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动）“可

推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。

34.Ao细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.（在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地

都能看到天才的闪现）”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。

35.Bo主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最

后一段的"Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance,and

simplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”（正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创

造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是

某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。

[2021天津卷】

Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotof

thingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,

branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsiswcoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutless

andless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasing

levelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.

Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalso

weakenasenseoffreedom.ThesespecialistscouldworkattheoiYiccuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackand

realizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveled

toexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanhold

backyourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallits

connections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）into

specificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocan

givesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyour

interestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyarc.Myeditor

Tori,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedby

thestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinese

philosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseethe

interconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,

generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

51.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork

C.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife

52.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworld

C.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople

53.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicine

C.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedocsnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

55.Whatcouldbethebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.D55.A

【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。

51.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyor

research.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成

为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越

来越多。）”根据“know…aboutlessandless”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩

小他的知识范围。故选A。

52.细节理解题。第三段中提到“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrow

specialty....Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight（有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专

业领域夜以继日地工作。……这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。）”由此可知，这些专家往往花

大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。

53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,one

whocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是

一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。户可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以

将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。

54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassions

inallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,

youdiscoverthattheyare.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。

你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的,）”；下文举出Toni

的例子“MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.Shehasdecidedtostudy

Chinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequally

interestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。

她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴

趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上

是有联系的。故选D。

55.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouarea

specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“Thedrawbacktobeing

specialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常

常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists,…,knowalotaboutawiderangeof

subjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从

整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“BeMoreaGeneralist

ThanaSpecialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）“。故选A。

【2019天津卷】

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggle

againstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.

Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldfbrmorethan350years.Thatformerprisonerwas

Ccnantcs,andthebookwasDon（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosome

peoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfxvaymark.I'mnottalkingabout

thosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningon

growingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationand

thenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,the

opportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswe

can'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitisto

havemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomething

largerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（视等同于）“commitment”withsuchitcaring^^occupationsasteachingandnursing.

Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch

excellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindof

peopletheyare.They'velearnedlifersmostvaluablelesson.

51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstrugglefbrliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuilering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithouiself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationfbrlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】5LB52.D53.C54.D55.A

【解析】

这是一篇议论文，本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

51.推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在

53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年

龄也是如此，故选B。

52.词义猜测题。根据第三段Pmnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan"allgetthere.Pm

talkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudes

andopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是

谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

53.推理判断题。根据第四段中But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.可知，我们失

去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人，故选C。

54.推理判断题。根据第五段Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.We

learnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesat

firstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我

们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可

知本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

55.主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了

指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

考点2人与社会类议论文

【2025全国一卷】

Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshow

declinesinpedestrian（行人）mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtraffic

ontheroadsfbrtheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.

DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrominelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.Intheirnewbook

Movement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallfbrarethinkofourstreetsandthe

roletheyplayinourlives.

Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfbr

newroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadian

journalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofher

localpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor

（市长）tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough."Similarcampaignsoccurredin

Australiainthelate1960sand19705aswell.

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswere

completelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.

InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsfbrjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrate

ofcarownershipintheworld.

Wcinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwcfailtoaccountfbrthetruecosts.Dowcreally

recognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?Theauthorsof

Movementhaveitright:it'stimeto:hinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.

28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?

A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.

C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfoiltofollowtherules.

29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?

A.Keeptheircitieslivable.B.Promoteculturaldiversity.

C.Helptheneedyfamilies.D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.

30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?

A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.

C.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.

31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.WhytheRush?B.What,sNext?

C.WheretoStay?D.WhotoBlame?

【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿

童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性C

28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecent

years,transportstudiesalsosho、、declinesinpedestrian（行人）mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.

Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sothey

packthemintothecarinstead.（虽然近年来我们的街道可能己经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流

动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们

把孩子塞进车里）”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。

29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilyto

Manhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarm

atitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor（市长）tochampion”New

Yorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”（最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代

初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到

震惊时，JaneJacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”户可推知，

加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。

3（）.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthe

majorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberof

carsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.（尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需

求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加）”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活

动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。

31.主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwe

failtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan't

movesafelyaroundourcommunities?（我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考

虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出

什么代价吗）”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A