2025年新高二英语暑假专项提升（人教版）阅读理解“长难句克星”主干提取三步法观点态度词库

专题01阅读理解“长难句克星”：主干提取三步法+观点态度词库

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盅考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢

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®复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破

►►►考点聚焦<<<

1

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考点一细节理解题考查长难句

（高二上•浙江六校联盟•期中）Inthevastanddiverseworldofanimals,thereexistsoddgesturesthatoften

leaveushumanspuzzledandamazed.Thesegestures,whichmayseemstrangeorunusualtous,areactually

fascinatingglimpsesintotheuniquebehaviorsandniunicationstylesofourpets.

Animalswantourallention,andsometimesthey'requiteobv:ousaboutaskingforit.Oddgestureareoften

ourpets'wayoftellingustostopwhatwc'rcdoingandplaywiththem.It'swhyFidoconstantlyfollowshistail

andwhyKittykeepsrollingaround.Anextremelyboredpetmaychoose“bad”behaviorstocauseareaction!

Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat'snotwhyhe'slicking（舔）yourface.AlittledogIcamstolickhis

moiher'smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn'tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.

Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets'kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,somet:messhe'lldo

ittofortherself.Onewayto（ellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoesonfbralongperiodoflime.

Atsonicpointyou'veprobablytoldthesewordstosomeonewhomadeyouangry.Dogsthinksimilarly,

avoidingeyecontactwithanyonewhoinjures（heirfeelings.Anothersignofanger:yawning（打哈欠）.Ayawning

dogmaynotbetiredbutanxious,rotboredbutstressed.Similarly,liplicking—whenthereisn'tfoodaroundto

bringaboutit—isanothersignofthreat.

Youmightthinkyourdogisrunningaroundthebackyard,havingthetimeofhislifewhileyou'reaway.But

therealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotfbrhours,waitingfbryoutoreturnwithanxiety.Dogs

actuallyprefertobeinside,ideallyv/iththeirowners.

I.Ifadogintendstoeatfood,whichactionwillittake?

A.Itstretchesitslegs,yawning.

B.Itmakesaneyecontactwithitsowner.

C.Itlicksitsowner'sfacewithasofttongue.

D.Itrunsaroundthebackyard,followingitstail.

2.Whatdoweleamaboutthegestureifacatconstantlykissesitself?

A.Itfeelsamused.B.Itfeelsstressed.

C.Itfeelsangry.D.Itfeelstired.

3.Whenthedogsitsforalongtimewithoutmoving,itreveals.

A.thedogiseagerlyawaitingyourreturnB.thedogdisplaysasignoftiredness

C.thedogisextremelyboredtoplaywithyouD.thedogdisplaysasignofembarrassment

》思路点拨：缅德廨面有长难句

1.1.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat'snotwhyhe'slickingyourface.Alittle

doglearnstolickhismother'smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn'tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;

hejustwantsasnack.（当然，你的狗爱你，但它舔你的脸并不是这个原因。小狗通过舔母亲的嘴来获得一

点食物，所以Spot（狗名）并不是在按照我们的定义亲吻你；它只是想要零食）”可知，如果狗想吃东西，

它会用柔软的舌头舔主人的脸。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets'kisses.Whileacatmightlickyouto

showlove,sometimesshe'lldoittofortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoes

onforalongperiodof〔ime.（猫主人也误解了他们宠物的亲吻<虽然猫可能会舔你来表达爱意，但有时候

它这样做是为了让自己平静下来。一个判断她的舔舐是否与压力有关的方法是看这种行为是否会持续很

长时间）”可知，如果猫长时间地舔自己，可能是因为它感到压力。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Buttherealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,

waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.（但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你

回来）”可知，当狗长时间坐着不动时，它实际上是在急切地等待你回来。故选A。。

>1.C1.2.B3.A3.A

［长难句4）•析】Buttherealityisthathe'smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotfbrhours,waitingforyoutoreturn

withanxiety.

句子that...：Buttherealityisthat...（但现实是...）

1.主语

thereality（“现实”，名词短语）

2.谓语

is（系动词，连接主语和表语）

3.表语（从句）

引导词：thai（无实义）

从句核心：he'ssitting（"他正坐着”，现在进行时）

修饰词：

mostlikely（副词,“很可能”）

just（副词,“只是"）

inonespot（地点状语，”在一个地方”）

forhours（时间状语，“数小时”）

伴随动作：wailing「oryouloreturnwilhanxiely（"焦虑地等你回来”，现在分词短语，说明坐着时的状态）

翻译：但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来。

考点二推理判断题与观点态度

（高二上•广东部分名校•期中）Inrecentyears,anewtrendcalledbegpackinghasappearedinthetravel

world.Thistermisabinationofbeggingandbackpacking.Begpackersaretypicallysometouristswhotravelto

othercountries,andaskformoneyfromlocalstohelpsupporttheirtrips.Theycanbeseensittinginstreetswith

signswritteninthelocallanguage,askingformoneytofundtheirtravels.Somebegpackersplaymusicorsell

handmadeitemstogetmoney.Othersjustaskformoneywithoutgivinganythingbackinreturn.

Whilebegpackingmightappeartobeaninnocentwayfbrtravelerstofundtheirtrips,it'sagainstthelawto

earnmoneyasatouristinmanycountries.Evenso,thisdoesn'tseemtostopbegpackersfromtrying.Andasa

result,it'scausedalotofcontroversial（有争议的）discussion.

“Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don'tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayfbrit,“RobertRashidwroteina

Mediumarticle.Rashid,ajournalistwholivesinSeoul,hasbeencalledthe“begpackerbuster',andisknownfbr

speakingoutagainsttouristswhobegonthestreets.Heevenreportsthemtothepolice.Rashidsaidhebelieves

begpackingis“emotionalbribery（贿赂）”,andtakesadvantageofthegenerosityoflocals,someofwhommightbe

pocrthemselves.

FilipinolawyerRaphaelPangalangansaidbegpackingisanexampleof^nationalityprivilege”—having

advantagesbecauseofthecountryofyournationality.t4Ifpeoplefrompoorercountriesweretotrybegpacking,n

Pangalangansaid,“theywouldbequicklydeported（驱逐出境）

ButWillHattonfromthetravelwebsiteTheBrokeBackpackersaysbegpackingdoesn'thavetobea

negativething.HetoldCNNhedoesn'tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemsto

fundtheirtravelsarcbeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.

1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?

A.Showtheauthor'spointofview.

引导词：ihat（省略，口语中常见）

从句主语：he

从句谓语：doesn'tsupport（否定式，“不支持”）

从句宾语：begging（动名词，“乞讨”）

people...arcbrave...vespeople...arebeingbrave...

转折连词：but（连接两个分句，表转折）

主语：he（代词，与前句主语一致）

谓语:believes（及物动词，“认为”）

宾语（从句）：peoplewho...arebeingbraveandexploring...

引导词：that（省略）

从句主语：people

定语从句（修饰people）：whoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravels

引导词：who（指代people,作主语）

并列谓语:playmusic/sellitems

目的状语：tofundtheirtravels（不定式，”为旅行筹资”）

从句谓语（主从句）：arcbeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles

并列结构：

arebeingbrave（现在进行时表状态，“表现得勇敢”）

andexploringalternativelifestyles（与前项并列,“探索另类生活方式”）

翻译：他告诉CNN,他不支持乞讨，但他相信那些通过播放音乐或出售物品来为旅行筹集资金的人

是勇敢的，他们在探索另一种生活力式。

考点三词义猜测题

____——_____

（高二上•重庆七校•期中）Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoing

somethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedfbrthedeeplymiltedand

adventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;

eb洋ewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Ilwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butit

wasnotgoing（obefun.

Iwasverywrong.Beforesellingmycar,Iworriedmostaboutridinginthecoldwintermonths.ButI

quicklylearnedthat,asthesayinggoes,thereisnobadweather,onlybadclothes.Iweargloves,warmsocksanda

skijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.

ThoughI,likemanywouldbecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,the

ebikesolvedmyproblem.Evenwhentherewas35degreesCelsiusoutside,Ididn'tsweat,thankstomybike's

pedalassistmode（脚踏辅助模式）.IfIamhonest,sometimesIdidn'tevenpedal;Ijustswitchedtopedalassist

mode,satbackandenjoyedmyride.

Butbikingtoworkwasn'tjustnotunpleasant-itwasentirelyenjoyable.Oneday,shortlyaftersellingour

car,Ihoppedon（b兆上）mybikeafterastressfuldayatworkandrodehomedownastreetedgedwithchangingfall

leaves.IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI'dtraveledthesameroute

surroundedbymetalandglass.Ihavetosay.thissensationmademehappierandhealthier.

Ofcourse,ebikesaren'tgoingtoreplaceeverycaroneverytrip.Inacountrywhereuncontrolledstretching

ofsuburbsandmallsandunprotectedbikepathsarcthenorm,it'sunrealistictoexpectebikestoreplacecarsinthe

waythat（heModelT（福特公司第•款大规模生产的汽车）replacedhorses.Butasanindividual,makingshort

tripsonanebikewouldsavemoney,cutcarbonfootprints,andimprovehealthandwellbeing.

4.Whatdidtheauthororiginallythinkoflettinggoofhiscar?

A.Ahealthymove.B.Adifficultchoice.

C.Acallofduty.D.Acrowddrivendecision.

5.Howdidtheauthorfeelabout（hsactualexperienceofridingtowork?

A.Confused.B.Embarrassed.C.Anxious.D.Amazed.

6.Whatdocstheunderlinedpart“thissensation''inparagraph4referto?

A.Interestinexploringnewmures.R.Desiretoheadhampfaster.

C.Relieffromworkpressure.D.Loveforexposuretonature.

A思路点拨：例题主要考查词义猜测题。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatI

wasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthe

deeplymiltedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.

However.IliveinColorado;ebikcwouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwas

therightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.（一年前，我卖掉了一辆汽车,换上了一辆

电动自行车。我知道我在为地球做些好事。但我仍然认为，放弃我的汽车是那些献身精神和冒险精

神的人的事情，是绿色和平组织的志愿者为了让世界变得更美好而做的事情。然而，我住在科罗拉

多州；骑电动自行车意味着冬天挨冻，夏天大汗淋漓。我想，这样做是对的，但这不会很有趣）”可

知，科罗拉多州的气候不适合骑电动自行车，会让人受累。由此可知，作者原本认为放弃他的汽车

是一个艰难的选择。故选B项。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmost

nevertoocold.（我骑车时戴手套，穿暖和的袜子和滑雪服，所以我几乎从不觉得太冷厂、第三段中

“ThoughI,likemanywoukibecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,

theebikesolvedmyproblem.（虽然我和许多想骑自行车的人一样，担心在炎热的月份上班时汗流泱

背，但电动自行车解决了我的问题）”和第四段中“Butbikingtoworkwasn'tjustnotunpleasant—itwas

eniirelyenjoyable.（但是骑自行车上班不仅没有不愉快，而且完全是一种享受）”可知，作者原本担心

的受冻、流汗的问题几乎不存在，相反，骑自行车还带来了享受。由此可知，作者对骑车上班的实

际经历感到惊叹。故选D项。

6.词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Ifeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethan

IhadwhenI'dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.（我感觉自己与周围的自然环境更

紧密地联系在一起，而不是走在被金属和玻璃包围的同一条路线上）”可推知，“这种感觉''指的是前

面描述的对接触自然的喜爱。故选D项。

>答案4.B5.D6.D

考点四主旨大意题

（高二L广东深圳三校联考•期中）Thecliche（陈诃滥调）ofakniuerisawhitehairedlady.Butinthe

1940s.youngmaleRoyalAirForcepilotsusedneedlesastheywaitedfbrtheirnextmission.Wartimepilots

crashedalotand4ilapcrafts^^likeknitting,helpedrebuildflexibilityinwoundedlimbswhilealsohelpingtosettle

woundedminds.Theywerethefoundationofearlyoccupationaltherapy（治疗）.

Today,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldemploythesesametechniques."Theyarccloselyassociatedwith

ourmentalhealth,MsaysJanineSmith,theownerofastorethatsellssuppliesfbrknittingandcrocheting（用钩针编

制）,"IknowthatifIhaven'tknittedfbrafewdays,Ireallymissit.It'slikemeditation.”

PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiff

Universitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,

thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.

Inreality,itisa“Flow"，whichisaconceptfirstnamedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyiashe

wroteinhisbook,44Thebestmomentsinourlivesarenotthepassive,receptive,relaxingtimes.Thebestmoments

usuallyoccurifaperson'sbodyormindisstretchedtoitslimitsinavoluntaryefforttoacplishsomethingdifficult

andworthwhile.”

ShaunaRichardsonknowsjusthowtruethisis.Theartistspent18monthsinastateofflowwhenshe

crochetedthreesevcnmctrclonglionsforthe2012CulturalOlympiad.Toplctcthetask,whichrequirednearly38

milesofwool,shesaysshehadto“zoneeverythingoutandsustainastateofminddrivenbyrhythmandprocess.''

Butsmallerprojectswillalsogetyouthere.Evenasimpleknittingorcrochetpatternrequiresattentiveness

toensurethateachstitchismadecorrectly.Andifthere'snotenoughchallengeinthestraightforward,youcan

makeadditions,fromcolourchangestotexturedstitchestohighlyplicatedpatterns.

TheCardiffresearchteamfoundthateventhoughmostofthepeoplesuneyedwereemployed,threequarters

of（hosewhoknittedthreeormoretimesaweekfeltsignificantlymoreabletoorganisetheirthoughtsandforget

theirproblems.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ActiveHands,CalmMinds.B.UniqueTherapy,EffectiveHealing.

C.SpecialTechniques,OrganizedThoughts.D.SimpleKnitting,StrongBody.

>思路点拨：例题主要考查主旨大意题

1.主旨大意题。通读全文,重点结合文章第三段“PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapist

JillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersand

foundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.（物理治疗师贝特森•科克希尔

和职业治疗师吉尔・莱利是卡迪夫大学一个团队的成员。十年前，该团队对3500多名编织者进行了调查,

发现人们编织的频率越高，感觉就越平静和快乐。）”可知，文章主要介绍了编织活动对人们心理健康的

积极影响，包括让人心情平静、进入“心流”状态。故A选项“ActiveHands,CalmMinds（灵巧的双手，平

静的心灵）”准确概括了文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。.

>答案I.A

►►►难点强化<<<

Passage01

（•广东八校联盟•高二上教学质量检测）"Who'sagoodreader?Ifsyou,isn'til?"Thisisatypicalexample

of"parentese（父母语）Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangivethe

babies'languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowtospeak

properparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren'slongterm

languageskills.

Parenteseisdistinctfromconventionalbabytalk,whichmostlyreliesonsillysoundsandmadeupwords.In

the1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticedauniquestylethatadultsused

addressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsandgrammar,highpitch（音调）anda

muchslowerspeed.Thebabydircctcdspeechwasfirstnamed“mothcrcsc“beforeitwascalled“parcntcsc”.

Laterresearchshowedparenteseisgrammaticallycorrect,withrealwordsandphrases,whichhelpedbabies

differentiatebetweenwordsandprocesswhatwasbeingsaid."We'veknownfbrsometimethatuseofparenteseis

associatedwithimprovedlanguageoutes,butwedidn'tknowwhy,“saysPatriciaK.Kuhl,thenewresearch's

seniorauthor.ButKuhlthinksthenewresearchsuggestswhyparentesehelpsbabieslearnlanguageskills.

“Wcnowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit'sasocialattractionforthebabybrain,“shesays.'Itshighpitch

andslowerspeedarcsociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorcspond.^^

All71familiesinthenewstudyhadtheirchildrenequippedwithaspecialcoatwithanaudiorecorderbuilt

in.Duringfourseparateweekendswhenthebabieswere6,10,14and18monthsold,theresearchersrecordedallof

theinteractionsbetweenfamilymembersandthebabies.The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourse

inparenteselearnedaboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversation.

Andeventhoughalloftheparticipatingfamiliesusedsomeformofparenteseatthestartofthestudy,the

babiesofparentswhoreceivedcoachingshowedthemostimprovementsintheirconversationskills.Beyondthat,

thosebabieshada1OOwordvocabularyparedwiththecontrolgroup,whoonlyknew60wordsat18months.

8.Whichaspectofthenewstudydoesparagraph1focuson?

A.Itsaim.B.Itsresult.C.Itsprocedure.D.Itsparticipants.

9.Whatdidscientistsfindaboutparentesein仆i1960s?

A.Ilwaseasytofollow.B.Itwasuniquetomothers.

C.Itwasfullofmadeupwords.D.Itwassimilartotraditionalbabytalk.

10.WhatdocsKuhlsayaboutparentese?

A.Itinspiresbabiestospeakmore.B.Ithasshorttermeffectsonbabies.

C.Itteachesbabiesmoresocialskills.D.Ithelpsbabiesdifferentiatewordsandphrases,

11.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“coaching”nthelastparagraphmean?

A.Casualadviceorguidance.B.Formaltrainingorinstruction.

C.Observationwithoutintervention.D.Emotionalsupportwithoutpracticalhelp.

【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最新的研究表明，父母对婴儿说的父母语有助于婴儿语言的发展。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangive

thebabies'languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowto

speakproperparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren's

longtermlanguageskills.（最近的研究表明，父母对孩子说父母话可以大大促进孩子的语言发展。在这项研究

中，研究人员发现，教父母如何说正确的父母语可以提高他们与孩子沟通的能力，甚至可以提高孩了•的长

期语言技能）“可知，第一段主要关注的是研究的结果，即教父母如何说正确的“父母语”可以增强他们与婴儿

沟通的能力，甚至提高孩子的长期语言技能。故选B。

9.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inthe1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticed

auniquestylethatadultsusedaddressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsand

grammar,highpitch（音调）andamuchslowerspeed.（在20世纪60年代，研究不同语言的语言模式的科学家

注意到，成年人对幼儿的称呼有一种独特的风格。这种语言的特点是单词和语法简单，音调高，语速慢得

多）”可推知，20世纪60年代，父母对幼儿说的话的特点是单词和语法简单，说话速度慢，故可推知，20

世纪60年代的父母语很容易听懂。故选Ao

10.细节理解题。根据第四段“'Wenowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit'sasocialattractionforthebabybrain/

shesays.'Itshighpitchandslowerspeedarcsociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorespond.'（'我们现在认为，父

母语之所以有效，是因为它对婴儿的大脑是一种社会吸引力，‘她说。‘它的高音调和较慢的速度具有社交吸

引力，并邀请婴儿做出回应。’）“可知，Kuhl认为父母语是有用的，它邀请婴儿积极做出回应，因此可以鼓

励婴儿说话。故选A。

11.词句猜测题。根据第五段中“The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourseinparenteselearned

aboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversalion.（随机选择的48个家庭参加了父母语课程,学习了如何在

谈话中更多地使用父母语）”可知，48个家庭被随机选中参加了一个关于“parentese”的课程，并学习了如何在

对话中更多地使用这种语言方式，而那些接受了指导的父母的孩子在对话技能上表现出了最大的进步。因

此，coaching在这里指的是提供关于特定技能或主题的正式培训或指导。故选B。

Passage02

（•安徽十校联考•高二上1月联考）hisamonviewthat'"Necessityisthemotherofinven:ion^^.Thatis,

inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.

Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins（轧棉Hi）toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcotton

grownintheU.S.South.

Suchfamiliarexamplesfoolusintoassumingthatothermajorinventionswerealsoresponsestoperceived

needs.Infact,mostinventionsweredevelopedbypeopledrivenbycuriosityorbyaloveoftinkering（捣鼓）.Once

adevicehadbeeninvented,theinventorthenhadtofindanapplicationforit.Onlyafterithadbeeninusefora

considerabletimedidconsumersctofeelthatthey“needed"it.Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,

ratherthanviceversa.

Agoodexampleisthehistoryofthemotorvehiclewhichwasnotinventedinresponsetoanydemand.

WhenNikolausOttobuilthisfirstgasenginein1866,itwasweak,heavy,andsevenfeettall.Thirtyyearslater,he

builtthefirsttruck.Butitwasatimewhenhorsewagonsandstcainpowcrcdrailroadsdominatedtransportation.

PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthatthey

reallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorsedrawnwagonsinindustrialized

countries.

Inventorsoftenhavetoinsistontheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,because

earlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswere

asawfillasOtto'ssevenfoottallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorher

awfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.Eveninventions

thatmeettheneedfbrwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseen

needs.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwalerfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowerto

cotionmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)drivingtrainsandboats.

28.WhyisEliWhitneymenlionedbythewriterin(hefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Todenyastatement.

C.Toclarifyadoubt.D.TDillustrateaview.

29.Whatledtothewideuseofmotorvehiclesaccordingto(hetext?

A.Theimprovementofengineperformance.B.TheendofWorldWarI.

C.Theneedofthemilitaryduringwartime.D.Thedeclineofhorsedrawnwagons.

30.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordiiThat^^refertointhelastparagraph?

A.Absenceofpublicdemand.B.Badperformanceofearlymodels.

C.Alackoftimeandexpense.D.Awfullooksofpreviousinventions.

31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.SocialNeed:theInnerDrivefbrInvention

B.GreatInvention:theForceofSociety'sProgress

C.BeyondNecessity:theCuriousPursuitofInvention

D.GeneralApplication:theFinalPurposeofInvention

【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.C

【导语】这是•篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所

认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。

28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itisamonviewthat''Necessityisthemotherofinvcntion^^.Thatis,inventions

supposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,

in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(轧棉机)toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.

South.(人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母“。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。

相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年,EliWhimey发明了轧棉机,以取代美国南部种植的棉花的

手工清洗)”可知，以EliWhitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其

来举例说明观点。故选D项。

29.细由理解题。根据第三段中“PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhen

thearmiesconcludedthat(heyreallydidneed(rucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstitutefor

horsedrawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大

战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)“可知，是军队的需要

推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。

30.词句猜测题v根据最后一段中“Inventorsoftenhavetopersistattheirtinkeringfbralongtime:ntheabsence

ofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,

andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto'ssevenfbotta11gasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventorto

foreseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmorelimeandexpenseto

developit.（在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理，因为早期模型的性能太差

而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与0口。的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明

家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它）“可知，That指代

的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。

31.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Itisamonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.（人们普遍认为“需

要是发明之母以及第二段中“Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.（因此，发

明往往是必要性之母，而不是反过来）“以及最后一段中“Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywere

initiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhis

steamenginetopumpwalerfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then（withmuchgreater

profit）propellingtrainsandboats.（即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需

求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯・瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后

（利润更大）推动火车和船只）“可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索

追求。C选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求“能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。

Passage（）3

（•河南豫北名校•高二上9月联考）Wavesofinnovationoftencreategiants.Artificialintelligence（AI）may

wellbethenextbigtechnologicalshift,transformingthewayofbusinesses.Firmssellingthesoftwareand

hardwarethatsupportAIwillgainalotofprofit.ButnoneisbetterpositionedthanNvidia,anAmericanfirm（hat

makesspecialistAIchips.Itsmarketvaluebrieflypassed$1,000billionthisweek.WillNvidiaalwaysbea

tecligiantinthisfield?

Thehype（炒作）aroundAImakesthequestionhardtoanswer.ExcitementaboutNvidiabegantomountin

November,afterthereleaseofChalGPT,anAlpoweredchatbot.SincethenmanykindsoffirmshavelaunchedAI

products.

Nvidiaisinanenviable（令人羡慕的）position.Itscorebusinessisdesigninghighperfbrmancechips.At

firstitsoldthesetovideogamelovers.ThechipswerealsohighlyefficientattrainingAImodels,andanew,

boomingmarketemerged.

Nvidiaalsohadtheforethoughttoinvestintwoareasthathelpedstrengthenitsdominance（支配地位）.One

isadvancednetworking