概要写作之议论文（重点讲练）-2023-2024学年高二英语寒假大培优讲义

考点05概要写作之议论文（重点知识讲练）

模块导航

•模块一概要写作之说明文方法解读

・模块二典型范文赏析

•模块三实战演练10篇（2024年四校八校精选考题）

模块一概要写作之记叙文方法解读O

（-）概要写作的总体要求

1.使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改

变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。

2.概括议论性或论说文时，则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。概括对方观点

首先是要转换视角，即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。

3.如果给的阅读材料是一则故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥

带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。

4.如果是说明性或描述性的短文，就必须用概括性的文字说明一个现象。

（二）概要写作的语言微技巧

1.要点获取。要点获取过程就是文本解读过程。对于结构比较清楚的段落，可以通过筛

选、寻找主题句找到要点，这通常是指能够概括全文或段落的关键句子；对于主题句不明确

的文章或段落，可以使用关键词来设计主题句的方法。

2.要点转述。要求使用自己的语言来进行自主表述。可以从以下几个主要方面进行转述:

（1）同义替换法,指用相同的单词、短语替代原文；（2）语态转换法,指把句子在主动与被

动语态之间转化；（3）词性改变法,在写作时，可以尝试改变词性，如将动词改成名词，或

把形容词改为名词等手段变化原文；（4）句子重构,概要写作语言要求“以简为贵”，只有掌

握多种句式，如定语从句、非谓语动词等，写作时就能从容自若，就能化复杂句式为简单句

或整合重组松散句子。

3.要点衔接。概要写作并不是简单的要点罗列与堆砌，因此，在获取要点和转述要点

之后，应特别关注各要点之间内部联系和逻辑结构，用适当的衔接将要点进行连接，从而形

成一篇结构紧凑的小小短文。写作中常见的衔接词如下：

1）对立关系

包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,

unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,insteadof,

ratherthan,not...but等。

2）因果关系

常用的标志词和短语Tf：because,fbr,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,

such...that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,

becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。

3）并列关系

常用的标志词和短语有:and,or,neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,likewise,

similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same...as等。

4）总分关系

常用的标志词和短语有：suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,to

takeanexample,morespecifically等。

5）递进关系

常用的标志词和短语有:then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatis

more,what'sworse,evenworse等。

（三）概要写作的注意事项

1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

2.安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的

文字写次要内容。

3.注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相

干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

4.不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,

至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

5.计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

（四）议论文概要写作技巧

议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论,其关键是

找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因

此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二（即对立观

点）的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。

（五）议论文概要写作模板

议论文：opinion/idea+argument（supportingideas/reasons）

（六）议论文概要写作样文展示

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Theadvantagesofsocialnetworkin〉

Whydomostpeoplesignuptosocialnetworkingsites?©Themainreasonistoslayivtouch

withotherpeopleThesesitesalsohelppeopletofindtheirchildhoodfriendsthattheyhavelost

touchwith.Renewingtheselonglostfriendshipsisjustaclickaway.Itisveryexcitingtobeableto

catchupwithfriendsandkeepupwiththeirnewsonanalmostdailybasisthankstofrequent

updates.®

Keepupludate,however,dousn'lIiavetuburestiiutcdtofiiundbandacqudinlauces（相识的

人）.Whatmanypeopletendtoforgetisthattheycanalsousenetworkingsitesforprofessional

reasons.Itisactuallyagreatwayoffindingou[aboutupingjobopDortunitics.Friendsmightknow

aboutjobvacanciesthatmaynotbeadvertisedelsewhereortheycanevenremendtheirfriendsfor

certainjobs.Evenpeoplealreadyemployedcanpromotetheirbusinessonline.Thisisparticularly

importantforartists,actorsandmusicianswhocancreatepagesdevotedtotheirbandortheatre

pany,andinformfansabouttheirgigs（现场演唱会）orlatestexhibitions.Ioaddilion,ihesitescan

beusedtoallowthepublictogiveinstantfeedbackontheartists'workandtointeractwiththeir

favouriteartist.③

Anothc】greatadvantageofsocialnetworkingsitesishoweasyitistoorganizeaneventwith

yourfriends.Thankstodifferedsettingspeoplecanorganizetheirfriendsbydifferemcriteria（标

准）.Thesecriteriacouldbehowclosefriendstheyare,moninterestsandhobbiesorwherethey

live.Thismeansifacertaineventtakesplace,forexample,anopenairconcertorafootballmatch.

peoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.

Besides,itallowspeopleIDfuH、enjo、thebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,

beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlives.Finally,slowerlifepaceprovides

betterhealthconditionsforus・Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleand

raisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbeealoserandthatannoysthem.

Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.Accordingtosomestudies,

peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases,lendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthan

thosewhoselifeistense,eveniftheformerfinishjobsmoreslowlythanthelatter.

Inshort,workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymore

advanced.Yet,muchstresscan'tbringenjoyment,friendsandhealth,whicharcmuchmore

importantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlife

ataslowerpace.

【写作指导】

1.知体裁。这是一篇典型的议论文体裁,框架为“总分(总)”即“论点(introductionofthe

topic)论据(bodybyreasoning)结论(conclusionbyrestatingsummarizingorsuggesting)”，通过

“转折词”找文章“论点”。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。

Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegot

usedtobeinginahurry.However,it'sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeata

slowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.

2.明论证。根据文章的discoursemarker"话语标记词"如“however,therefore”在文中划出各

段"主题句l)However,it'sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpace

thantohurrytogetthingsdone.2)Themainreason(thatconvincesustoopposedoingworkina

huiry)isthepossibilityofdoingwrongsinarush.3)Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeople

enjoytheirlifebetter.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywi1makeuslosechancesofenjoyingour

lives.4)Finally,slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionsforus.5)Therefore,takeyour

timeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.

3.找论据。完全用“自己简洁的语言”准确转述每一个要点（避免重复），可以用“词性变化

或同义词/反义词替换”来转述。

1.)However,it'sbetterfbrpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpacethanto

hurrytogetthingsdone.①TolivelifeataslowerpaceisbetterthantolivelifeinahuiTy/rush.②

(Underthestressoffastpacedlife,)itismorebeneficialtoliveaslowerlife.

2)Themainreason(thatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurry)isthepossibilityof

doingwrongsinarush.①Themainreasonisthatdoingthingshurriedlywillraise/increasethe

possibilityofmakingmistakes.②Peoplearemorelikely(omakemistakeswhendoingthingsina

huiTy.③Itmaybeeasierforpeopletomakemistakeswheninahurry.④Doingworkhurriedly

mayeasilyleadtomistakes.

3)Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Onthecontrary,beingina

hurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlives.①Slowerlifepacecanmakepeople'slife

moreenjoyable.②Livetheirlifeataslowerpacecanbringmoreenjoymenttolife.

4)Finally,slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionsforus.①Slowingdownthepace

oflifecankeeppeoplehealthier.②Livetheirlifeataslowerpacehelpspeoplekeepfit.(3)Slower

lifepaceisbeneficialto/isofbenefitto/doesgoodtopeople'shealth.合并：①Slowingdownthe

paceoflifewillnotonlygivepeoplemorechancestoenjoylife,but(also)offerthembetterhealth

conditions.②Notonlydocstheslowerlifegivepeopleenjoymentbutalsoit'sbeneficialtotheir

health.③Livinglifeataslowerpaceensuresahealthierandmoreenjoyablelife.

5)Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.①Thus,slowdownyourlife

pace.②Thus,beslowandenjoyyourlife.③Thus,enjoyaslowerlifepace.④Thus,let'sslow

downforahealthierandhappierlife.

4.有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑连贯。

【参考范文1】

Tolivelifeataslowerpaceisbetterthantolivelifeinahurry.

hurry.Secondlylife.Lastlyhealth.Somakemistakeswhendoingthingsinahurry.Secondly,slowerlife

pacecanbringmoreenjoymenttolife.Lastly,itisbeneficialtopeople'shealth.So,beslowand

enjoylife.

【参考范文2]

hurry.Thehealthier.Thusrpaceisbetterthantolivelifeinahurry.Themainreasonisthatdoing

thingshurriedlywillraisethepossibilityofmakingmistakeswhileslowingdownthelifepacecan

notonlymakepeople'slifemoreenjoyablebutalsokeeppeoplehealthier.Thus,let'sslowdownfor

ahealthierandhappierlife.

Summary2

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthe

passageandhowiiisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Weseeiteverywhere.Atiredparent,attheendofastressfulday,losesit——andachildsuffers.

We'dliketohelpifvvecould,butwchesitate.Isitourbusinesstointervene(干7步)？Andifwedo,

willweembarrassandoffendtheparent,makinghimorherevenmoreangrywiththechild?Isn'tit

wisertowalkpastwithoutment?Afterall,noneofusisaperfectparent.

Thereseemstobeamonassumptioninoursocietythatinterveningonbehalfofachildina

publicplaceisnecessarilyhurtfulandcritical.Itneedstobeneither.Thereisaworldofdifference

betweenhurtfulcriticism("Howdareyoutreatyourchildlikethat?^^)andhelpfulinterventiondone

inacaringway("Itcanbereallyhardtomeettheirneedswhenyou'resobusy.IsthereanythingI

candotohelp?")Thereisnothingessentialininterventionthatrequiresonetobeoffensive.

MyfriendsandIhavewitnessedsomereallyharmfulacts:hitting,severeverbalabuse,hurtful

parisonstobrothersandsisters,andsoon.Thesechildrenacceptthistreatmentbecausetheyaretoo

helplessandinexperiencedtostandupforthemselves.Thatemotionalabuse(虐待)leavesno

outwardscarsshouldnotexcuseusfromhelpingthesechildren.Thoseofuswhocanrecognize

damagingtreatmenthaveanobligationtostepin.

Thereisonemorereasonforinterveningthatisnearlyalwaysoverlookedinthesediscussions,

butwhichIconsidertobethemostsignificant:thelifelongeffectitcanhaveonthechild.Many

adultsincounselingsessionsstillrecallwithgratitudetheonetimethatastrangersteppedinon

theirbehalf;andhowmuchitmeant:thatsomeonecared,andthatthechild'sfeelingsofangerand

frustrationwererecognizedandaccepted.Theseadultshavestatedtomethatthisoneintervention

changedtheirlivesandgavethemhope.Arewetobypasstheopportunitytomakesuchabig

differenceinthelifeofachild?

【写作指导】

通读全文可以得出文章是作者对父母在身体，语言，情感上虐待小孩子进行积极干预的

一篇论述。

第一段：引入现象。找中心词：weseeiteverywhereo关键词It指代的是后文描述的父母

因压力冲小朋友发脾气的现象。Childsuffers...butwehesitateintervene...weembarrassand

offendtheparent.概括起来就是：我们很犹豫去帮助受虐待的小朋友碍于怕尴尬和冒犯父母。

peoplemayhesitatetohelpwhentheyseechildrenabusedbytheirparentsinpublicbecausethey

areafraidioembarrassandoffendtheparent.

第二段：提出问题onbehalfofachildinapublicplaceisnecessarilyhurtfulandcritical.It

needstobeneither.在公共场合为进行干预带来伤害和批评。但是现在这两者情况都没必要。

关键词：difference...hurtfulcriticism...helpfulintervention.伤害性的批评（指责父母）和有益的

干预（有什么可以帮您吗?）是大不同的。至此，作者正式提出了他的观点：对虐待行为采取有

益的干预方式。However,interventioncanbedoneinanonoffensiveway.

第三段：例证作者及朋友亲眼所见的虐待现象同时提出小朋友忍受的原因,关键句：to。

helplessandinexperiencedtostandupfbrthemselves...haveanobligationtostepin,小朋友太无

助，缺乏经验不能为自己发声。针对这种状况我们有义务介入。Sincechildrenaretooyoungto

standupforthemselves,wcareobligedtointerveneo

第四段：作者进一步提出我们为什么要积极干预?onemorereason...themostsignificant:

thelifelongeffectonthechild.对小朋友一生有重大影响。什么影响呢?一位陌生人为他而来关

心他理解他，小朋友心怀感激。关键句：thisoneinterventionchangedtheirlivesandgavethem

hope.改变了受虐待小朋友的一生给予他们希望。mayhavealifelongeffectontheir

future/gJrowtho

【参考范文】

Peoplemayhesitatetohelpwhentheysecchildrenabusedbytheirparentsinpublicbecause

theyareafraidtoembarrassandoffendtheparent.However,interventioncanbedoneina

nonoffensiveway.Sincechildrenaretooyoungtostandupforthemselves,weareobligedto

intervene,whichmayhavealifelongeffectontheirfuture/growth.(58words)

模块三实战演练io篇_________Ol

一、书面表达

1.(2023上•上海松江•高三统考期末)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthe

mainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

WhyShouldWeReadLiteraryClassics?

Manyhavegrownuponahealthydietofliteraryclassics.Someliteraryclassicshavebeeninspiringreaders

inmanyways.Inthisageoffastturners,howdoesinvestingourtimeinatimelessliteraryclassicchangeusfor

thebelter?

Manyliteraryclassicsfromyesteryear,whichgotlittleornosuccesswhenpublished,areconsidered

invaluable.Thesebooksofferawindowthroughwhichwecanexperiencehistoriesrootedindifferentcultures.

Onecanalwaysask,“Butwecandosobyreadingourhistorybookstoo.Whydoweneedtoreadclassics?^^The

simpleansweristhattheseliteraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhistory.Theyallowustohaveamore

individualizedexperience,wheretheyshowusotherwaystolookathistory.

Itismonknowledgethatreadingasahabithelpsusimproveourmandofthelanguage.Butliteraryclassics

haveanedge:theenrichingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.Fascinatedwiththeamazingwording

andphrasing,we'llsurelypauseandwonderaboutwhatweread.Forinstance,whenwereadShakespeare,we

naturallybegintoconsiderhowtobetterexpressourideasjustlikehisfarreaching“Havemorethanyoushow;

speaklessthanyouknow.”

Onemorebenefitisthatafterreadingclassics,wewon'tsecnonclassicsasjustotherstories:we'llbee

interestedinthem.Maybewe'llrealizethatsomedetailswcignoredlasttimearcactuallyworthappreciating,or

we'lldiscoverliterarydevicesthatbringawholenewmeaningtothestory.Literaryclassicsofferusmore

perspectivestodigdeepandenhanceourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwillinevitablyspilloverintoour

readingofotherworks.Wefinallyfallinlovewithnonclassicsaswell.

【答案】

WhyShouldWeReadLiteraryClassics?

history.secondlyclassicsbenefitsusalot.Firstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.secondly,

itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsandlearntoexpressourideasin

thatway.Besides,we,lllovetoreadnonclassicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandreasondeeply

fromdiverseperspective.

【导语】本文是篇议论文。阅读文学名著使我们受益匪浅。首先，它为我们提供了个性化的体验历史的方

式,其次，它通过鼓励我们思考他们的表达并学会用这种方式表达我们的想法来提高我们的写作能力。此

外，我们会喜欢阅读非经典作品，因为阅读经典作品可以让我们从不同的角度进行深入的思考和推理。

【详解】1.要点摘录：

l.lnthisageoffasltumers,howdoesinvestingourtimeinatimelessliteraryclassicchangeusforthebetter?

2.Thesimpleansweristhattheseliieraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhistory.Theyallowus（ohaveamore

incividualizedexperience,wheretheyshowusotherwaystolookathistory.

3.Butliteraryclassicshaveanedge:theenrichingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.

4.Literaryclassicsofferusmoreperspectivestodigdeepandenhanceourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwill

inevitablyspilloverintoourreadingofotherworks.

2.缜密构思：

将1、2、3、4分别进行总结概述。

3.遣词造句：

Readingliteraryclassicsbenefitsusalot.

Firstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.

secondly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsandlearntoexpressour

ideasinthatway.

Besides,welllovetoreadnonclassicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandreasondeeplyfromdiverse

perspective.

【点睛】[高分句型I]secondly,i【improvesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressions

andleamtoexpressourideasinthatway.（运用了动名词作宾语。）

[高分句型2]Besides,we'lllovetoreadnonclassicsbecausereacingclassicsenableustothinkandreason

deeplyfromdiverseperspective.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句。）

2.：2020上•上海宝山•高二上海市行知中学校考阶段练习）Direclions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarize

innomore（han60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaras

possible.

Envy

It'safamiliarbutunfbrtablefeeling.Yourbestfriendwillmanyahandsomedoctor,andthecongratulatory

hugyouofferlacksgenuinewarmth.YourfriendismadetheteamfbrSaturday'sbiggame,andyoutakeacertain

pleasureintellinghimyoucan'tbetheretowatchhimplay.Yousmilebutavoiceinyourheadasks,whythem

andnotyou?

Envyisashortingofcharacterweliketokeepinourheartsecretly.Howshamefulisitnottobelooking

forwardwithdelighttoyourdayasyourbestfriend'sbridesmaid!Whowouldhopeyourfriendmightsuffersome

injury,soyoucantakehisplaceontheteam?

Envyiseverywhere.Itseemstobeinournaturetohateothers'giftsandgoodfortune,especiallyifwesee

themasadvantagestheyshouldnHhave.

Envyraisesitsuglyheadwhenwefocusonwhatwewantbutwedon'tpossessnow.Worsestill,wemay

evenwishfbrandtakepleasureinsomeone'slosingwhatwehavealwaysdesired.Whenyoupareyourselfand

yourlifeunfavorablywithyourfriendoryourcolleague,youcanonlykeepyourdarkeremotions.

So,isthereasolution?Isthereanythingyoucandotogetridofthismostungenerousemotion?Well,why

notmakeenvythemotivationyouneedfbrselfimprovement?Thebestweaponagainstenvyisnottopetewhere

youcan'tshine,buttodoyourabsolutebestwhereyoucan.

Startbymakingpeacewithyourself,andacceptthegiftswhichmakeyouunique.Makeanagreementwith

yourselftobethebestyoucanbe.Thenfindthequalitiesinothersthatcauseyourenvy.Isitsomeone'ssinging

voice,theirworkpromotion,theirnewcar?Envyshowsusthethingswe'dliketohave.So,makeaplantoearn

what'simportanttoyou.

Andaimforgenuinepleasureintheachievementsandgoodfortuneofothers.Cheeronyourfriendwhenhe

scoresthatgoal.Enjoyyourbestfhend'sweddingday.Thengooutanddosomethingspecial,andmakeyourself

wonderfullyproudofyou.

［答案】Envyisamonbutunpleasantfeeling,whichisasecrethiddeninourheart.Thisnatureusuallyarises

whenwecan'tgetwhatwewantandeventakedelightinothers,losingit.Toavoidthisnegativefeeling,firstly

try(otransformenvyintomotivationtoimproveourselves.Besides,acceptyouruniquetalentsgladly.Finally,

appreciateothers'achievementssincerely.

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述嫉妒是一种常见的不愉快的感觉，它隐藏在我们心里，讨厌别人有

好运是人的天性，尤其是当我们认为别人不该有那样的好运时。这是一种消极情绪，要把嫉妒作为自我提

升的动力，接受自己独特的才能，出去做点让自己为自己感到无比自豪的事情，真诚地欣赏别人的成就。

【详解】1.要点摘录

①It'safamiliarbutunfbrtablefeeling.

②Envyisashortingofcharacterweliketokeepinourheartsecretly.

③Itseemstobeinournaturetohateothcrs'giftsandgoodfortune,especiallyifweseethemasadvantagesthey

shouldn'thave.

©Well,whynotmakeenvythemolivationyouneedforselfimprovemenl?

⑤Sianbymakingpeacewithyourself,andacceptthegiftswhichmakeyouunique.

⑥Andaimforgenuinepleasurein(heachievementsandgoodfortuneofothers.

2.缜密构思将第1、2、两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5、6要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

①Envyisashortingofcharacterthatissecretlykeptinourheart.

②Whydonotwemakeenvy(hemotivationthatweneedfbrselfImprovement?

③Weshouldtakepleasureintheachievementsandgoodfortuneofothers.

©Learntoappreciateyourstrengthsandtrytodowhatyouareproudof.

【点睛】[高分句型I]

Envyisamonbutunpleasantfeeling,whichisasecrethiddeninourheart.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文

第二段进行了概括，其中，which引导非限制性定语从句，表达非常高级。

[高分句型2]

Thisnatureusuallyariseswhenwccan'tgetwhatwcwantandeventakedelightinothers,losingit.运用一个复

杂的主从复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中when引导的是时间状语从句，表达非常高级。

3.(2021上•上海•高二上海市吴淞中学校考阶段练习)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.

Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsas

faraspossible.

FourdayWorkweek

IntheUnitedStates,employeestypicallyworkfivedaysaweekfbreighthourseachday.However,many

employeeswanttoworkafburdayweekandarewillingtoacceptlesspayinorder(odoso.Ifalawrequired

panicstooffertheiremployeestheoptionofworkingafourdayworkweekforfourfifths(80percent)oftheir

normalpay,itwouldbenefittheeconomyasawholeaswellastheindividualpaniesandtheemployeeswho

decidedtotaketheoption.

Theshortenedworkweekwouldincreasepanyprofitsbecauseemployeeswouldfeelmorerestedandalert,

andasaresult,theywouldmakefewercostlyerrorsintheirwork.Hiringmorestafftoensurethatthesame

amountofworkwouldbeacplishcdwouldnotresultinadditionalpaythepanyhastoprepareforthesepeople,

becausefburdayemployeeswouldonlybepaid80percentofthenormalrate.Intheend.panicswouldhavefewer

overworkedanderrorprone(容易出错的)employeesforthesamemoney,whichwouldincreasepanyprofits.

Forthecountryasawhole,oneoftheprimarybenefitsofofferingthisoptiontoemployeesisthatitwould

reduceunemploymentrates.Ifmanyfulltimeemployeesstartedworkingfewerhours,someof(heirworkload

wouldhavetobeshiftedtoothers.Thus,foreveryfouremployeeswhowentonan80percentweek,anew

employeecouldbehiredalthe80percentrate.

Finally,theoptionofafourdayworkweekwouldbebetterforindividualemployees.Employeeswhocould

affordalowersalaryinexchangeformorefreetimecouldimprovethequalityoftheirlivesbyspendingtheextra

timewiththeirfamilies,pursuingprivateinterests,orenjoyingleisureactivities.

【答案】Workingforfourdaysaweekwithlesspaywouldbebeneficialatthreelevels.First,paniescould

increaseprofitsbyhiringmoreenergeticandalertemployeeswithoutincreasingpayrollcosts.Second,the

countrywouldhavelowerunemploymentraleswithmorepeoplealwork.Finally,employeeswouldimprovethe

qualityof(heirliveswithmorefreetime.(57words)

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以一项新的工作制度“每周工作四天”为话题，讲述了该工作制度在三个

层次能够带来的好处。如果员工可以每周工作四天，工资是正常工资的80%,这将有利于整个经济，也有

利于个人公司和决定接受这一选择的员工。

【详解】1.要点摘录

®Ifalawrequiredpaniestooffertheiremployeestheoptionofworkingafourdayworkweekforfourfifths(80

percent)oftheirnormalpay,itwouldbenefittheeconomyasawholeaswellas(heindividualpaniesandthe

employeeswhodecidedtotaketheoption.

@Theshortenedworkweekwouldincreasepanyprofitsbecauseemployeeswouldfeelmorerestedandalert,and

asaresult,theywouldmakefewercostlyerrorsintheirwork.

③Forthecountryasawhole,oneoftheprimarybenefitsofofferingthisoptiontoemployeesisthatitwould

reduceunemploymentrates.

©Employeeswhocouldaffordalowersalaryinexchangeformorefreetimecouldimprove(hequalityoftheir

livesbyspendingtheextralimewiththeirfamilies,pursuingprivateinterests,orenjoyingleisureactivities.

2.缜密构思

将每个要点简化重组。

3.遣词造句

①Workingforfourdaysaweekwithlesspaywouldbebeneficialatthreelevels.

②panicscouldincreaseprofitsbyhiringmoreenergeticandalertemployeeswithoutincreasingpayrollcosts.

③Thecountrywouldhavelowerunemploymentrateswithmorepeopleatwork.

©Employeeswouldimprovethequalityoftheirliveswithmorefreetime.

［点睛］［高分句型1］Workingforfourdaysaweekwithlesspaywouldbebeneficialatthreelevels.（用一个简

单句概括了第一段内容。“workingforfourdaysaweekwithlesspay”为动名词作主语；用“atthreelevels”对

后文提及的三个方面“theeconomyasawhole","theindividualpanics”以及“theemployees”进行高度概括总结,

表比较高级。）

［出分句型2］：First,paniescouldincreaseprofitsbyhiringmoreenergeticandalertemployeeswithoutincreasing

payrollcosis.（用一个复杂的简单句概括了第二段内容。其中，“bydoing”为“介词+动名词”作方式状语，

“withoutdoing”为伴随状语等的用法比较高级。）

4.（2022下•上海•高三上海交大附中校考阶段练习）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethe

mainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ChildrenDeserveArtsEducation

Childrenareintroducedtotheartsinmanydifferentways.Participationintheartsimprovespersonal

confidence,problemsolvingskills,andevenmemorizationandsocialskills.Asyoungbrainsdevelop,itisvital

thatthecreativesideofthebrainreceiveequalattentiontothelogicalsideofthebraintoensuremaximum

education.Unfortunately,therearcthosewhobelievecreativityholdslittleornovalue.However,theycould

neverbefartherfromthetruth.

AccordingtoaNationalEducationAssociationresearchreport,“Teenagersandyoungadultsoflow

socioeconomicstatus（SES）,whohaveahistoryofindepthartsinvolvement,showbetteracademicoutes（han

lowSESyouthwithlessartsinvolvement.^^Thisresearchreportshowsthattheartsstrengthentheacademic

hemisphereofthebrain.Accordingtorecentstudies,asthebrainfocusesonmathproblemsorreading,only

certainareasoftheirbrainareactivated.However,whenteenagersandyoungadultsarelisteningtomusic,

drawingapictureorengagingthemindcreatively,multipleareasofthebrainarcworkingatthesametime.Asa

result,moreareasofthebrainarestrengthened,resultinginstrongeroverallbrainactivity.

Withallthebenefitsofartseducation,itisshockingthatsomeeducationalboardsstillbelievesufficient

educationcanbereachedwithoutthebenefitsofIhearts.InJanuary2017,（heUtahStateBoardofEducation

releasedanofficialmand