时文阅读理解-健康饮食-高考英语时文阅读理解完形填空语法填空专练

专题04时文阅读理解健康与饮食

主题语境一人与社会一人工智能一丙型肝炎“隐形”患者一提供及时治疗一取得显著成效一人但积极评价。

重点单词一artificial人造的；wipeout清除：identify确认，识别；

I.HealthchiefsarctouseartificialintelligencetoscreenandtreatpeopleatriskofhepatitisC（丙型肝炎）

underplanstowipeoutthelifethreateningdiseaseby2030.

TheNationalHealthService（NHS）scheme,duetostartwithinweeksinEngland,aimstoidentifythousands

ofpatientsunawarethattheyhavethevirussothaltreatmentcanbegivenbeforeitistoolate.StaffwilluseAIto

bthroughpatienthealthrecordsandlookforsignificantriskfactors,suchashistoricalbloodtransfusions（输血）

oranHIVdiagnosis.HepatitisCoftenhasnonoticeablesymptomsuntiltheliverisseverelydamaged,which

meanstheinfectedpartymaynotknowtheyarelivingwithapotentialkiller.Itcanbecuredwithmodern

treatments.

AnyoneidentifiedbytheAIsoftwarewillbeinvitedforaconsultationbytheirdoctorsand,ifnecessary,will

experiencefurtherscreeningforhepatitisC.Patientswhotestpositiveforthevirus—whichcanbecaughtfrom

contactwith（hebloodofaninfectedperson,suchasbysharinganeedle—willbeofferedantiviralmedicines

afterNHSEnglandstruckadealwiththreedrugpanies.ProfessorGrahamFoster,thenationalclinicalchairman

fbrNHSEngland'shepatitisCelimination（消灭）programmes,describedtheschemeas“asignificantstep

forward''inthefighttoeliminatethevirus.

HepatitisCdeathsfellby35percentinthefiveyearsto2020,from482to314,accordingtothelatestdata

fromtheUKHealthSecurityAgency.Thefallindeathswasthankstoearlierdetectionofthevirusandimproved

accesstotreatments,healthexpertssaid.

NHSstaffwillalsovisitatriskmunitiesinspeciallyequippedvans（货车），totestforthevirusandcarryout

liverhealthchecks,inabidtowipeoutthevirusinEnglandbeforethe2030goalsetbytheWorldHealth

Organization.

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheNHSscheme?

A.Tomakethemostofartificialintelligence.

B.Torecordthebloodtransfusionsinthehistory.

C.Todiagnosethepatientswithseriousunnoticeablesymptoms.

D.Topickoutthepotentialpatientstoprovidetimelytreatments.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?

A.NHSschemecanbehelpfulinremovingthehepatitisCvirus.

B.HepatitisCcanbespreadthroughcontactwithbloodofpatients.

C.AllthepatientshavetobereexaminedagainforthehepatitisC.

D.Relatedconsultingservicewillbearrangedbythedoctorforfree.

3.WhydidHepatitisCdeathsdeclineinthe5yearsto2020?

A.Becausetherelatedfigurewasupdatedontime.

B.Becausetheliverhealthycheckupswerescheduled.

C.Becausetheviruswasdiscoveredearlierandbettertreatmentswereavailable.

D.Becausetheviruswastestedinadvanceandinunitieswerewellcquippcd.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HepatitisCisalifethreateningdisease.

B.HepatitisCdeathsintheUKhavedeclined.

C.NHSschemehelpstokillthehepatitisCvirus.

D.AIisanewweaponagainstdeadlyhepatitisC.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国国家医疗服务系统用人工智能筛查出患有丙型肝炎的“隐

彩’患者，为他们提供及时的治疗，以期待在2030年消灭这一病毒。目前这一项目已取得了显著的成效，

人们对此项目给与了积极的评价＜

1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“TheNationalHealthService（NHS）scheme,duetostartwithinweeksin

England,aimstoidentifythousandsofpatientsunawarethattheyhavethevirussothattreatmentcanbegiven

beforeitistoolate.（国民保健服务计划将于几周内在英格兰启动，旨在识别数千名不知道自己感染了病毒的

患者，以便在为时己晚之前给予治疗）”可知，国民保健服务计划的目的是识别已感染该病毒却不自知的患

者，方便给与他们及早的治疗。由此推知，国民保健服务计划的目的在于挑选出潜在患者，提供及时治疗。

故选D项。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Patientswhotestpositivefbrthevirus—whichcanbecaughtfrom

contactwiththebloodofaninfectedperson,suchasbysharinganeedle—willbeofferedantiviralmedicines

afterNHSEnglandstruckadealwiththreedrugpanics.（在英国国家医疗服务体系与三家制药公司达成协议后.

病毒检测呈阳性的患者将获得抗病毒药物。这种病毒可以通过与感染者的血液接触而感染，比如通过共用

针头）''可知，这种病毒可以通过与感染者的血液接触而感染。由此推知，丙型肝炎可通过与患者血液接触

传播。故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Thefallindeathswasthankstoearlierdetectionofthevirusand

imorovedaccesstotreatments,healthexpertssaid.（卫生专家表示，死亡人数的下降要归功于病毒的早期发现

和治疗途径的改善）”可知，病毒的早期发现和治疗途径的改善使得死亡人数下降。故选C项。

4.主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段内容“Healthchiefsarctouseartificialintelligencetoscreenand

treatpeopleatriskofhepatitisCunderplanstowipeoutthelifethreateningdiseaseby2030.（卫生官员将使用人

工智能来筛查和治疗有丙型肝炎风险的人，计划到2030年消灭这种危及牛.命的疾病）”提出了核心话题“卫

生官员用人工智能筛查和治疗有丙型肝炎的人并计划消灭这种疾病”，且在后文讲述了其取得的成效以及

对比项目的期许。由此可知,选项C“NHSschemehelpstokillthehepatitisCvirus.（国民保健服务计划有助

于消灭丙型肝炎病毒）”贴合主题。故选C项。

2.主题语境一人与社会一吃得更晚一更胖。

重点单词：consistent一致的；potential潜在的；tendency趋势；schedule安排；

Weallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn'tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewstudyweighedinon

thatquestionbyparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday."Doesthetimethatwe

eatmatterwheneverythingelseiskeptconsistcnt?^^saidfirstauthorNinaVujovic,aresearcheratBoston's

BrighamandWomen'sHospital.Theanswerwasyes—eatinglaterinthedaywilldoubleyouroddsofbeing

hungrier,accordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalCellMetabolism（新陈代谢）.

Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormonesandalsochangesgene

expression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefat

deposition,"saidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicCollege

ofMedicine.

Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateother

potentialcausesofweightgain.Allparticipantswereingoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftworkand

hadregularphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthestudykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthree

weeksandwereprovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreedaysbeforethelabexperimentbegan.

Participantswerethendividedintotwogroupsrandomly.Onegroupatecaloriecontrolledmealsat8am.

noonand4pm,whiletheotheratethesamemealsfourhourslater,atnoon,4pmand8pmforthesixdays

reportedinthestudy.Measuresofhungerandappetiteweregathered18timeseachwhiletestsforbodyfat,

temperatureandenergyexpendituresweregatheredonthreeseparatedays.

Afterabreakofafewweeks,thesameparticipantsreversed:heprocedure—thosewhohadeatenearlier

movedtothelateeatinggroupandviceversa,thususingeachpersonastheirowncontrol.Resultsshowed（hat

hungerpangsdoubledforthoseonanighteatingregime（规则）.Peoplewhoatelaterinthedayalsoreporteda

desireforsaltyfoods,mealand,（oalesserextent,adesirefordairyfoodsandvegetables.

5.Whatcanweinferabouteatinglaterinthedayfromthetext?

A.Itdoesharmtoourfatstorage.

B.Ithelpskeepourbodyinshape.

C.Ithasnothingtodowithourhealthactually.

D.Ilhasanegativeeffectonourfatbreakdown.

6.Howwastheexperimentperformed?

A.Byconductingalargescaledtest.

B.Byanalyzingthecausesofthephenomenon.

C.Bycollectingmanydatatofacilitatethestudy.

D.Bygivingexamplestoprovethescientificresearch.

7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheexperiment?

A.Alltheparticipantsweren'toutofshape.

B.Mostoftheparticipantslackedregularexercise.

C.Theparticipantswererestrictedtoparticularfoods.

D.Theparticipantsweregroupedaccordingtotheirweights.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EatLess,LiveLongerB.EatLater,BeFatter

C.EatBelter,LiveHealthierD.EatMore,FeelHungryLater

【答案】5.D6.C7.A8.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了吃得更晚，会更胖，以及通过研究给出了科学解释。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段"Thestudydocsshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impacts

hormonesandalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardsless

fatbreakdownandmoreiatdeposition,MsaidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychology

attheMayoClinicCollegeofMedicine.”（梅奥诊所医学院的精神病学和心理学教授巴努・普拉卡什・科拉博士

说，这项研究确实表明，晚吃会导致“饥饿感增加，影响激素，还会改变基因表达，尤其是在脂肪代谢方

面，脂肪分解更少，沉积更多。”）可知，我们能从文章中推断出晚吃对我们的脂肪分解有负面影响。故

选D项。

6.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Measuresofhungerandappetiteweregathered18timeseachwhiletestsforbody

fat,temperatureandenergyexpendituresweregatheredonthreeseparatedays.^^（饥饿感和食欲测试各收集了18

次，而体脂、体温和能量消耗测试则分别在三天内收集。）可知，实验是通过收集大量数据，便于研究来

进行的。故选C项。

7.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefully

plannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain."（这项研究规模很小----只有16名超重或肥胖的人

-但经过精心策划，排除了其他导致体重增加的潜在原因。）可知，我们能从实验参与者身上了解到弁

不是所有的参与者都身材走样。改选A项。

8.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Weallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn'tgoodfbrour

waistlines,butwhy?''（我们都知道晚些时候吃东西对我们的腰围不好，但是为什么呢？）以及后面的研究

可知，证明晚吃会导致饥饿感增加，影响激素，还会改变基因表达，尤其是在脂肪代谢方面，脂肪分解更

少，沉积更多。故文章最好的标题是“吃得晚一点，会更胖”。故选B项。

3.主题语境一人与社会一美国苹果和食品安全。

重点单词：sustainable可持续的；callfor需要；barrier障碍；

crop.Hotgrapes.Forbesi.Perhapscropstogrowfor（bodsecurity?Perhaps,inyourgrowingzones,orangesor

peacheswinforbestfruitcrop.Hot.dryclimatesmightcallfordatesorgrapes.Forme,growingorganicapplesis

thebest.Perhapsthat'sbecausemyhometownknowsmoreaboutgrowingandpreservingapplesthananyother

fruit.

organicJustthis.Forholcs.Modcrncm.^It'snotthatbad.It'sorganic.Justcutthewormout.,,IlaughevenasI

typethis.Forus,“organic”ishowwcgrowapples,butitdoesmeancarvinggoodfruitawayfromblackworm

holes.Moderntechniquesforgrowingorganicapplesincludewormtraps,fruitbarriers,andorganicinsecticides,

likebacterialpoisonsthatonlytargetworms.

says.Culpot.Throwchickens.Boiljars.Appleuiceandjam,Momsays.Cutoffthegoodpartandthrowitinthe

pol.Throwthebadparttothechickens.Boilthefruitandputjuiceintocanningjars.Applejambeepancake

toppingandthereplacementinrecipes—thatis,ifwedon'teatitdirectlyoutofthejar.

ApplesarcnowsosymbolictoAmericanlifethatothercountriestryoutthemarket.WhenIwasyounger,I

mighthavelaughedatthatbecauseofhowconnectedapplesandAmericanstorieshavebee,despitethefact（hat

applesaren'tnativetoNorthAinerica.Butagoodfriend,aftervisitingseveralfarmsinhismotherlandNigeria,

showedmephotosofNigerianapples.Theskintexture（质地）andcolorresembledAmericanapples,butthey

wereshapedmorelikeoxhearttoiruUoes.SoeventhoughappleshavetakenonsymbolicsignificanceinAmerica,

theycancontributetofoodsecurityinallkindsofplaces.

9.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Organicfoodandmoderntechniques.

B.AmericanandAfricanapples.

C.Climateandgrowingcrops.

D.Applesandfoodsecurity.

10.Whathappenstothegoodpartsofwormyapples?

A.Theyarethrownaway.B.Theyaremadeintoapplejuice.

C.Theyarcsoldtocustomers.D.Theyarcfedtothechickens.

11.Whatdocstheauthorlearnfromhisfriend?

A.ApplesarenotnativetoNorthAmerica.

B.Othercountriesarealsogrowingapples.

C.ApplesoutsideAmericaareuglylooking.

D.Peopleofothercountriesdon'tlikeapples.

12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Americaproducesthebestapplesoftheworld.

B.PoisonsarenolongerusedonapplesinAmerica.

C.Theauthorisproudofapplesgrowninhishometown.

D.Applejuiceandjamareactuallymadefromwormyapples.

【答案】9.D10.B11.B12.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国苹果和食品安全。

9.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Whatarethemostsustainablecropstogrowforfoodsecurity?Perhaps,inyour

growingzones,orangesorpeacheswinforbestfruitcrop.Hot,dryclimatesmightcallfordatesorgrapes.Forme,

growingorganicapplesisthebest.Perhapsthat'sbecausemyhometownknowsmoreaboutgrowingand

preservingapplesthananyotherfruit.（为J’粮食安全，最可持续的作物是什么？也许，在你的种植区，橙子或

桃子是最好的水果作物。炎热干燥的气候可能需要枣或他葡。对我来说，种植有机苹果是最好的。也许是

因为我的家乡比其他任何水果都更懂得种植和保存苹果）”可知，本文主要讲述了美国苹果和食品安全。故

选D项。

10.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wormyapplesarejustfineforapplejuiceandjam,Momsays.Cu:offthegood

pariandthrowitinthepol.Throwthebadparitothechickens.（妈妈说，带虫的苹果可以用来做苹果汁和果酱。

把好的部分切下来扔进锅里。把坏的部分扔给鸡吃）”可知，被虫蛀的苹果的好的部分会被做成苹果汁。故

选B项。

11.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butagoodfriend,aftervisitingseveralfarmsinhismotherlandNigeria,

showedmephotosofNigerianapples.TheskintextureandcolorresembledAmericanapples,buttheywere

shapedmorelikeoxhearttomatoes4但我的一位好朋友在参观了他的祖国尼日利亚的几个农场后，给我看了

尼日利亚苹果的照片。这些苹果的果皮质地和颜色与美国苹果相似，但形状更像牛心番茄）”可知，作者从

他的朋友那里了解到其他国家也在种植苹果。故选B项。

12.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A即lesarenowsosymbolictoAmericanlifethatothercountriestryoutthe

market（苹果现在是美国人生活的象征，以至于其他国家也开始尝试这个市场）”以及最后一句"Soeven

thoughappleshavetakenonsymbolicsignificanceinAmerica,theycancontributetofoodsecurityinallkindsof

placcs.（因此，尽管苹果在美国具有象征意义，但它们可以为各种地方的粮食安全做出贡献）”可推断，作者

为自己家乡种的苹果感到骄傲。故选C项。

4.主题语境一微创手术一外科手术最好的选择。

重点单词：considerably可观地；iny细小的；advanced先进的；

Therewasatimewhentheword“surgery“usedtoscarepeople,andtheywouldtrytheirbesttoavoida

surgicalprocedure.Thefeelingisunderstandable,astheideaofalargecutonyourbodyisdisfortinginmany

ways.However,thankstotheadvancesinmedicalscience,surgicaltechniqueshaveimprovedconsiderably.

paredwiththetraditionalopensurgery,minimallyinvasivesurgery（微仓手1术）hasseveralbenefitstooffer.

Notonlyistheprocedurequickandlesspainful,butalsoensuresrapidrecovery.Now.surgicalprocedures,eilher

bigorsmall,aredonewithinafewminutestoafewhours.Thebestpartabouttheminimallyinvasivesurgeryis

thepainlessprocedure.Theadvancedtechniquesarehelpingwithqualitytreatmentstopatientswhohaveto

undergo（进彳j）surgicalprocedures.

Unlikethetraditionalopensurgerythatrequiresalargecut,asurgeonmakesmultipletinycutsoflessthan

aninch.Fortheprocess,thesurgeonusessmallsurgicalinstruments,suchasatinytubewithaminicameraatone

end.Oncethesurgeonmarksthecuts,hethenpassesthe（inytubethroughoneofthecuts.Thedoctormonitors

theimagestakenbytheminicameraonthescreenandusesthemasareference.Theseimagesgivethesurgeona

clearpictureoftheareaundergoingthesurgery.Afterthesurgery,thesurgeoncleansthecutsandsometimes

placesabandageforadditionalsupport.

Minimallyinvasivesurgeryhasbccthefirstchoiceofpatientswithmultiplemedicalconditions.Infact,it

wouldnotbewrongtosaythat:hesesurgeriesarenowthestandardsurgicalproceduresformanyroutine

operations.Whetheryouhaveaminorissueorwantasurgicalinterventionforamajorhealthcondition,itis（he

bestoption.

13.Whatmakespeopleafraidofsurgery?

A.Thelargecut.

B.Thegreatrisk.

C.Thehighexpense.

D.Theslowrecovery.

14.Whatcansurgeonsuseasareferenceinthesurgery?

A.Theprevioustreatmentplan.

B.Theimagesbytheminicamera.

C.Thestandardsurgicalprocedures.

D.Theadvicefromothersurgeons.

15.Whomightbenefitmostfromtheminimallyinvasivesurgery?

A.Patientsinneedofadditionalsupport.

B.Patientslackofregularcheckups.

C.Patientswithseveralmedicalconditions.

D.Patientsscaredofsurgicalinstraments.

16.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsminimallyinvasivesurgery?

A.Disapproving.

B.Objective.

C.Doubtful.

D.Supportive.

【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了微创手术的优点，让它成为外科手术最好的选择。

13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Therewasatimewhentheword“surgery”usedtoscarepeople,andtheywould

try（heirbesttoavoidasurgicalprocedure.Thefeelingisunderstandable,astheideaofalargecutonyourbodyis

disfortinginmanyways."（曾经有一段时间，“手术”这个词用来吓唬人，他们会尽最大努力避免手术。这种

感觉是可以理解的，因为身体上的大伤口在很多方面都让人不舒服。）可知，大的伤口让人们害怕手术。

故选A项。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thedoctormonitorstheimagestakenbytheminicameraonthescreenanduses

themasareference."（医生在屏幕上监控微型摄像机拍摄的图像，并将其作为参考。）可知，外科医生在手

术中可以使用微型相机拍摄的图像作为参考。故选B项。

15.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Minimallyinvasivesurgeryhasbeethefirstchoiceofpatientswithmultiple

medicalconditions"（微创手术已成为多种疾病患者的首选。）可知，患有多种疾病的病人可能从微创手术

中受益最大。故选C项。

16.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Minimallyinvasivesurgeryhasbeethefirstchoiceofpatientswithmultiple

medicalconditions.Infact,itwouldnotbewrongtosaythatthesesurgeriesarenowthestandardsurgical

procedurestormanyroutineoperations.Whetheryouhaveaminorissueorwantasurgicalinterventionfora

majorhealthcondition,itisthebestoption.^^（微创手术己成为多种疾病患者的首选。事实上，说这些手术现

在是许多常规手术的标准手术程序并没有错。无论你是有小问题，还是想要手术治疗重大健康问题，这都

是最好的选择。）故可推知，作者对微创手术的态度是支持的。故选D项。

5.主题语境一人与社会一最受欢迎的饮料一对环境造成了影响。

重点单词:beverage饮料；undeniably不可否定；justify证明;status地位，身份；sacrifice牺牲；

In2017,bottledwatersurpassedcarbonatedsoftdrinkstobccthemostpopularbeverageintheUnitedStates.

WhilethereareundeniablyhealthbenefitstomoreAmericanschoosingwateroversugarysodas,theuplick（小幅

上升）inbottledwatersalesandthemarketingpushforsellingprepackagedwaterhasalsocontributedtoan

explosionofdisposablecontainerwaste.Despitehavingsomeofthecleanestmunicipalwatersystemsinthe

world,60%oftheworld'sbottledwaterconsumptionoccursintheUnitedStates,eventhoughAmericansonly

prise4.5%oftheworld'stotalpopulation.

Peoplejustifydrinkingbottledwaterformanydifferentreasons.Bottledwaterinrestaurantshasbee

somewhatofastatussymbol,especiallyinfinedining.WhenIwailedtables,Ialwaysdreadedaskingguestsfbr

theirwaterpreference.Inbusinesssettingswheretablematesareunfamiliarwitheachother,noonefeelsforlable

answeringforthegroup.Guestsdiningonanexpenseaccount—atleastinahighendrestaurant—typically

“splurge”（挥霍）onbottledwater.Awaiterwouldn'tdareoffendaclientbyorderingtapwater.

Thisresultsintrashbagsfilledwithhundredsofemptyglassbottleseverynight.Inthcoi-y,thebottlesand

theirpackagingarcrecyclable,buthistoryshowsthat,despiteourbestintentions,manyrecyclableproductsend

upinlandfillsanyway.

Wecanallagree,hopefully,thatwheneverpossible,restaurantsshouldmakemoreresponsiblechoicesabout

howtheirbusinessesimpacttheenvironment.Theworldischanging,andrestaurantscan'talwaysgivepeople

whattheywantanymore.Forgoing（放弃）bottledwaterisaverysmallsacrificeforthosewhopreferit—adropin

thebucket,astheysay.

17.Whatproblemismentionedinparagraph1?

A.Peoplepreferbottledwatertosoftdrinks.

B.Mostmunicipalwatersystemsbreakdown.

C.Drinkingbottledwaterleadstomorewaste.

D.ThepopulationintheUnitedStatesdeclines.

18.Whatmighttheauthorbe?

A.Acritic.B.Arestaurantowner.

C.Awaiter.D.Asocialobserver.

19.Whatdopeopledowiththewastebottles?

A.Theyarethrownintoseas.B.Theyareburiedinlandfills.

C.Theyarerecycledinfactories.D.Theyaretransformedintoplastics.

20.Whatis（hemainideaof（hepassage?

A.Peoplemustbemoreawareoftheenvironment.

B.Bottledwaterhasbccthemostpopulardrink.

C.It'stimetotakebottledwateroffrestaurantmenus.

D.Restaurantsshouldnotgivepeoplewhatever(heywant.

【答案】17.C18.C19.B20.C

【导语】这是•篇议论文。2017年，瓶装水超过了碳酸软饮料•，成为美国最受欢迎的饮料,。虽然这种趋势

有利于美国人的身体健康，但也对环境造成了影响。

17.细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句"WhilethereareundeniablyhealthbenefitstomoreAmericanschoosing

waleroversugarysodas,theuptickinbottledwatersalesandthemarketingpushforsellingprepackagedwater

hasalsocontributedtoanexplosionofdisposablecontainerwaste.”（虽然越来越多的美国人选择水而不是含糖

苏打水，这无疑对健康有好处，但瓶装水销量的上升和销售预包装水的营销攻势也导致了一次性容器垃圾

的激增。）可知，瓶装水销量和销售预包装水的市场营销的增加也导致了一次性瓶装容器废物的激增。故

选C项。

18.推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“When1waitedtables,Ialwaysdreadedaskingguestsfortheirwater

preference/5（当我在餐馆当服务员的时候，我总是害怕问客人喜欢喝什么水。）可知，当作者招待客人的

时候，他总是害怕询问客人对水的偏好,由此可推知，作者可能是一名服务员。故选C项。

19.细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句"Intheory,thebottlesandtheirpackagingarerecyclable,buthistory

showsthat,despiteourbestintentions,manyrecyclableproductsendupinlandfillsanyway."（理论上，瓶子及

其包装都是可回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的出发点是好的，但许多可回收的产品最终还是被扔进了垃

圾填埋场。）可知，从理论上讲，这些瓶子及其包装都是可回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的意图是好的，

许多可回收产品最终还是被扔进了垃圾填理场。故选B项。

20.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了瓶装水销量增加带来的问题;第二段阐述了瓶装水销量增加的原因;第

三段介绍瓶装水对环境造成的危害;第四段呼吁餐馆要采取行动，本着对环境负责的态度，不要售卖瓶装水。

由此可知，本文的主旨是为了减少环境污染，餐馆不应该售卖瓶装水。故选C项。

6.主题语境一人与社会一最新的研究发现——“适量饮酒有益健康”的说法是错误的。

重点单词：association联系；depression沮丧；heal愈合；getridof摆脱；

Weallknowthatdrinkingtoomuchisbadforus,butwhataboutmoderate（适度的）drinking?

We'veknownabouttheassociationbetweenmoderatedrinkingandgoodhealthforquitesometime.

Researchershaveidentifiedthatpeoplewhodrinkamoderateamountareatalowerriskofthingslikeheart

diseaseandobesitythanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotandpeoplewhoneverdrink.It'sfairlywellestablishedthat,if

youlookatsocietyatlarge.peoplewhodrinkamoderateamountarethehealthiestinanumberofways.

Theproblemisthatmoderatedrinkingisn'tanisolated（孤立的）behaviour.Youcan'teasilyseparate

moderatedrinkingfromthepeoplewhodrinkmoderately,whichmeansthatyoucan'teasilyidentifywhetherit's

actuallythealcoholthat'simprovingpeople'shealthorsomethingmoreplcx.

Theissueisprettyobviouswhenyoulookatthepeoplewhodrinkmoderatelyinallofthesestudies.They

tendtobewealthier.moreeducated.smokelessandingeneralarebetteroffthanbothpeoplewhodrinkalotand

thosewhoneverdrink.Peoplewhodon'tdrinkalcoholarealsodifferentinalotofways,mostlybad—for

example,illness,poverty,andpreviousalcoholism.

RecentstudiesinIsraelandNewZealandshowthatthereprobablyaren'tanysignificanthcakhbenefitsto

moderatedrinking.Onceyougetridoftheeffectsofsociety,evenasmallamountofdrinkisassociatedwith

worsehealth.

Itseemsthatmoderatedrinkingprobablyisn'tgoodforourhealthafterall.Whiletheremaybesomeminor

hearthealthbenefits,alcoholisaddictiveandcausesdamagetomanyotherorgans.

I'mgoingtokeepdrinking,butnotformyhealth.Wineisdeliciousandbeerisjustwonderful.Drinkforthe

taste,drinktosoci