阅读理解命题来源句式（解析版）-高考英语一轮考点复习

考向19阅读理解命题来源句式

高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型

类型一转折两比强化句式

I.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemforfood.

Sometimes,however,twokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnership（伙伴关系）whichdoesgoodtobothofthem.

Youmayhavenoticedsomebirdssittingonthebacksofsheep.

2.Theideaoffightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,butthat'sexactlywhatmotorengineersare

doinginGermanyandsomeothercountries.

3.Doctorshavefoundthatthe"pears"havelessinternalfat,butthe"apples"havemoreinternalfatthanexternal

fat.

4.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinforrriation.Quitethe

reverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.

5.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageof

peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）

6.Whilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasier,themajorityofAmericanscareabouthonestyinboth

publicandpersonallife.（前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）

7.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer,D&viddocsnotsec

itthatway.

8.Afterthefire,ChristopherWren,thearchitect,wantedacitywithwiderstreetsandfinenewhouseofstone.In

fact,thestreetsarestillnarrow,buthedidbuildmorethanfiftychurches,amongthemthenewSt.Paul's,（infact,

actually事实上，表示转折）

9.Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthatdietingsimplymakes

anapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.（unfortunately小幸地；

fortunately幸运地）

10.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofPoliticsandthelawconicfromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,modern

Englishevenshowsadistinction（区别）betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.

Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorat

homereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-class

NormansweredoingmostofIheeating.（even表示递进）

类型二分类说明（举例/讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）

Therearetwotypesoffat:externalfat（fatunderskin）andinternalfat（fatinsidethebodywall）.Doctors,who

havebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefoundthatthe"pears"havelessinternalfat,but

the"apples"havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.

类型三原因/结果突出

[常用词汇：because/as/since/for/asaresult/cause/make/contributedto/reston/restin/markedby/

oneresult/therefore/aimedat]

LAsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubled

everything.（as引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）

2.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageof

peasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofPoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman....

3.Thehotsunhadcausedthedoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeastmakethesurfaceshakeandsighas

thoughitwerebreathing,（cause,make等表示使动含义的动词）

4.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandfbrenvironmentfriendlyproductshave

contributedtothepollutionproblem.

5.Women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedby

sharedactivities.（reston基于...）

6.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastic,andmetalcontainersareproduced,andtheseare

difficulttogetridof.（oneresult其中的一种结果）

7.ThemajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingPopulationofwhite-collaremployees.（restin在于...）

8....theresultisnosound.Therefore,byproducingaperfectcopyofthenoiseanddelayingitbyhalfawavecycle,

wecankilltheunwantednoise,（therefore表示因果关系，前因后果）

9.TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwo

countriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.（aimat目标；）

10.Sowhybothereventotryimagininglifefarinthefuture?Herearctworeasons.First,unlesswerememberhow

shortourownlivesarccomparedwiththewholehumanhistory,...Second,bytryingtoescapefrompresentinterestsand

imaginelifefarinthefuture,wemayarriveatquitefreshideasthatwecanuseourselves..

11.Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumer

demandforenvironment（环境）friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.

类型四强调句/倒装句加强表达力

1.ItwasonOctober1st,1949whcnhejoinedthePartythathewaskilled.

2.Wherewasitthatyoufoundyourlostpen?

3.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopiece.

4.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.

5.Outsidesweretwomen.

类型五使用rather(than)/instead/morethan/lessthan

1.Withnowindows,nowheretohangclothesandtemperaturesbelowO'c,itmayseemmorelikeasurvivaltest(hana

relaxinghotelbreak.

2.Atthemomentthereisnoknownwayofreducingtheinternalratherthanexternalfat.

3.1nthehighlyindustrializedearly-twentieth-centuryUnitedStated,however,overproductionratherdianscarcitywas

becomingaproblem.

4.Thus,theidealAmericanhomemakerwasviewedasconsumerrathsrthanaproducer.

5.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,rather

thangellingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild.

6.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreat

varietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.

7.Becauseofthewavelengthofthex-raysused,softx-raymicroscopeswillnevermatchthehighestresolution

possiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwill

complementthoseperformedwithlighc-andelectron-basedinstruments.

8.Sothereisrealcauseforconcernifconsumersdistrusttheregularfoodsupplyandbuyonlyexpensiveorganic

foodsinstead.

【检测训练】

1

WiththeaimofeducatingbothlocalsandvisitorsaboutArcticanimalsandthevalueofpreservingNorway's

naturalheritage.Bardu'sPolarParkoffersencounters(通近)withhandraisedwolves.

Istoodnervouslyoutsidetheenclosure。卷|地)atPolarPark.SomewherebehindthewirewerefiveNorwegiangrey

wolves."Thesearcjustbigdogs,"Ikeptsayingtomyself."Andtheyprobablyhavehadbreakfastalready.n

StigSletten,PolarPark'sanimalmanager,said,*"Onceyou'reinwiththewolves,liedownandden'tstarethemin

theeye.Letthemapproachyou.Don'tstickyourhandsout.Andabsolutelydon'tstickyourtongueout."Thatwewere

abouttoenteracagefullof“socialized“wolveswasalldowntoStigandhisdevotedteam.ItwasS:igwhofounded

PolarParkbackin1994.AnditwasStigandhisteamwhohand-raisedthepark'swolvesfrombirth.

“Thesewolveshaveallbeenbroughtuptobecomfortableamonghumans,nheexplained.''Allowingthemtomeet

visitorsisactuallyagoodwaytoreduceboredomandstress''Confidentthatweunderstoodthestrictnabsofinteracting,

Stigopenedtheenclosureandweallfollowedhim.Withinseconds（hepackwasrunningrewardsus,eyesforward,long

nosesdown.Foranexposedhuman,（hefirstapproachoffivegreywolves,socializedornot,wasaslightlyunrestand

heart-quickeningexperience.

Butanysenseoftrer）ida【ionwasquicklyreplacedbydelight.Thefivewolvesturnedouttobefunandcurious,and

eager:ocheckusoutaswcwerethem.

“Mostpeopleconsiderwolvesunapproachable.Therearcalotofnegativeorunpleasantimpressionsaboutwolves,

bothinNorwayandacrosstheworld."saidStig."Oneofourmainaimshereistoeducatebothlocalsandvisitorsabout

Arcticanimals.Oncethey'vegottouchwiththewolvesofPolarPark,irianyofourvisitorsleavewithaciflerentview.”

1.Whydidtheauthorkeepsayingtohimselfoutsidetheenclosure?

A.Tomemorizestrictrules.B.Torestricthisexcitement.

C.TostudywolvesinadvanceD.Torelievehisnervousness.

2.WhatisStigSletter'sadviceontheencounterwiththewolves?

A.Approachingthemactively.B.Standingupwithhandsout.

C.Avoidingstickingyourtongueout.D.Lookingatthemwithakindsmile.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"trepidation"inparagraph5probablymean?

A.funB.fearC.curiosityD.confusion

4.Whatmaythedifferentviewbeinthelastparagraph?

A.Humansandwolvescanbondwell.B.Preservinganimalsturnsouteasy.

C.Wolvesareabletoprotecthumans.D.Thevalueofeducationisignored.

【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中要讲述了作者在巴尔油的极地公园与人工饲养的狼i解诟的故事。

1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Istoodnervouslyoutsidetheenclosure（圈地）atPolarPark.（我紧张地站在极地公园的

围栏外。）”及“"Thesearejustbigdogs,"Ikeptsayingtomyself."Andtheyprobablyhavehadbreakfastalready.”（“这些

只是大狗，“我一直对自己说。它们可能已经吃过早餐了。广可推断，作者自言自语是为了缓解自己的紧张。故

选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Onceyou'reinwiththewolves,liedownanddon'tstaretheminthseye.Letthem

approachyou.Don'tslickyourhandsout.Andabsolulelydon'tslickyourlongueuul.（一旦你进入狼群,躺下，不要盯

着它们的眼睛。让它们接近你。不要伸出你的于。还仃千万别吐舌头）“可知，SigScttct建设在与狼见面的时候

不要伸出舌头。故选C。

3.词句猜测题。根据第四段<4Foranexposedhuman,thefirstapproachoffivegreywolves,socializedornot,wasa

slightlyunrestandheart-quickeningexperience』对于一个暴露的人类,第一次接近的是五只灰狼，不管是否社会化，

这都是一个稍微不安和心跳加速的经历。）”及第五段“Butanysenseoftrepidationwasquicklyreplacedbydelight.

Thefivewolvesturnedouttobefunandcurious,andeagertocheckusoutaswewerethem.（但所有的trepidation很快

就被快乐所取代。这五只狼看起来很有趣，也很好奇，它们急切地想看看我们是不是它们。户可推断，这种由梢

稍不安和心跳加速的经历所造成的“恐惧感”很快被快乐所取代，划线词的意思与“fear（恐惧）”的意思、最为接近，故

选Bo

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moslpeopleconsiderwolvesunapproachable.Therearealotofnegativeorunpleasant

impressionsaboutwolves,bothinNorwayandacrosstheworld.（大多数人认为狼是不可接近的。在挪威和世界各地,

人们对狼有很多负面或不愉快的印象）''及"Oncethey'vegottouchwiththewolvesofPolarPark,manyofourvisitors

leavewithadifferentview（一旦他们接触到极地公园的狼，我们的许多游客离开时就会有不同的看法）.”可知，很多

人认为狼是难以接近的旦对狼的印象是不好的，但是他们在极地公园与狼邂逅之后会改观。由此可推断，这个“不

同的看法”可能是“人类可以与狼相处得很好故选A,

2

Formanyofus,summertimemeansroadtripstothebeachormountains,orattheveryleastsomeadditionaldust

andbirdpoopontheexteriorofourvehicles.Theextradinleadsustodooneoftwothings:washourcarinthe

drivewayorheadtothecarwash.Butwhichchoiceisbetterfbrtheenvironment?

Themainconcernswitheitherchoicearetheamountoffreshwaterbeingusedandthetypesofchemicalsusedto

removethedirt.Bothoftheseconcernscanbecloselymonitoredwhenwashingthecarathome,saysKatyGresh,

spokeswomanfortheSouthwestRegionofthePennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Sheadvisescar

ownerstoputasideasetamountofwaterfbrtheentirewash."It'sjustlikebrushingyourteeth,“shesays."Youdon't

wanttoleavethewaterrunningorusemorethanyouneedfbrthejob.''Butevenfollowingthisadvicecomeswithan

environmentalrisk:Washingyourcarinthedrivewayorstreetflushesthedirtywaterintostormdrains.

JohnSchombertisexecutivedirectorof3RiversWetWeather.Hisorganizationworkstoeducatethepublicabout

stormsewers（下水道）andwaterrunoff,keepingthisuntreatedwaterfromenteringtheAlleghenyregion\waterways.

“Weaskpeopletoconsiderwashingtheircarsonlawnsorotherpermeable（透水的）surfaceswherethewalergets

absorbed,MSchombertsays.“Soilcanbreakdownandhelpfiller（过滤）thosethings,“Schombertsays."Stormsewers

arenotmadefbrwastedisposal.**Evenwhencarownersusenaturalsoapstowashtheircars,whichSchombertsaysare

probablyineffectiveatbreakingdowngreaseanyway.

Thecommercialcarwashdownthestreetknowsfullwelltherulesregardingwastewaterinstormsewers.

AccordingtotheInternationalCarwashAssociation(ICA),professionalcarwashesmustusewaterreclamationsystems.

Thesemandatedprocessesnotonlykeepthedirtywateroutofstormsewersandregularwatertreatmentsystems,but

theyalsoworktoreducewaterusageaicommercialfacilities.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymeaninthefirstparagraph?

A.topB.bottom

C.insideD.outside

6.Whatworriespeoplewhentheyhavetheircarswashed?

A.Thedirtcannotberemovedeasily.

B.Largequantitiesofwaterarewasted.

C.Thewashingwaysdonogoodtotheircars.

D.DTheusedchemicalsareharmless!otheenvironment.

7.What'sthedisadvantageofwashingcarsathome?

A.Itisnoteasytodealwith.

B.Itcannotcleanthedirtcompletely.

C.Itconsumesalargeramountofwater.

D.Itdoesmuchdamagetotheenvironment.

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.DoYouPutCarwashingatRisk?

B.WhichIsBetter:CarWashorDIY?

C.WhyDishwashersAreBetterthanHandWashing?

D.DoAmericansUseLessWaler(hanTheyDidYearsAgo?

【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪一种洗车方法对环境更有益处：在家还是去洗车公司。

5.词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“Formanyofus,summertimemeansroadtripstothebeachormountains,orat

theveryleastsomeadditionaldustandbirdpoopontheexteriorofourvehicles.”可知,对于我们中的许多人来说,夏

天意味着去海滩或山上的公路旅行，或者至少意味着在我们车的exterior有一曲灰尘和鸟粪。结合句意和常识可

知，灰尘和鸟粪通常在车的外部，即划线词意为“外部，外面“，与。uiside同义。故选D。

6.细节理解题。根据第二段中“"Il'sjustlikebrushingyourteeth/'shesays,“Yuudon'twanttoleavethewalerrunning

ofmorethanyouneedforthejob."（“这就像刷牙一样，"她说，"你不想让水流得比所需的更多。可知，人们

在外边洗车时担心会浪费掉更多的水。故选B。

7.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butevenfollowingthisadviceconieswithanenvironmentalrisk:Washingyourcar

inthedrivewayorstreetflushesthedirtywaterintostormdrains.（但即使遵循这一建议,也会带来环境风险：在车

道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟）”可知，在家自己洗车的缺点是对环境有害处。故选D。

8.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"Theextradirtleadsustodooneoftwothings:washourcarinthedrivewayor

headtothecarwash.Butwhichchoiceisbetterfortheenvironment?（这些额外的脏东西会让我们做以下两件事之一:

在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？）“结合卜.文对两种方法优缺点的介绍可

知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到底哪个对环境更有益处，故B选项“洗车处和自己

动手洗车哪个更好?”符合文章标题。故选及

3

Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhas

playedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportanceto

socialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,one（hatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcritical

reflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.

Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.

Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticular

society,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestinyofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivingin

thesocietyaredishonest,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingtheheathymoralityofthesociety.

Additionally,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequires

integrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples,couldhavea

positivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldserve

asabasisfbrabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.

However,somesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortfbrsomeindividualstopursueintegrity.Ifthatisthecase,we

havetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questions

aboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabouttherelationshipbc:wccnindividual

interestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomuchon

understandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedto,butratherunderstandingwhatone'ssocietyisand

imaginingwhatitcouldbe.

Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimponanceofhumanimegrityinasociety.People,whoare

honest,trustworthy,compassionateandcaring,arcthefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthe

developmentofasociety.

9.Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause.

A.ithelpsdevelopphilosophyB.itisimportanttosocialrelations

C.itisthebasisofcriticalthinkingD.itensurespeople'sparticularroles

10.Theunderlinedword^jeopardizing'inParagraph2probablymeans

A.assessingB.strengtheningC.destroyingD.influencing

11.Thewriterbelievesthat.

A.individualintegritydependsonwhatonebelieves

B.thenatureofsocietyisdecidedbyeconomicdevelopment

C.thepursuitofindividualintegritychangeswithtime

D.socialstructuresguidetheformationofindividualintegrity

12.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

CP:CentralpointP:PointSp:Sub-pointC:Conclusion

【答案】9.C10.C11.D12.A

【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲的是正直是诚实和坚强的品质，个人诚信对社会是至关重要的，它使人们

能够充分利用自己的批判性思考能力。不迫使人们承担特定的角色，也不鼓励个人背叛彼此，社会也有利于个人

诚信的发展。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheir

capacityforcriticalreflection,docsnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddocsnotencourageindividualsto

betrayeachother.（个人诚信对社会至关重要，它使人们能够利用自闩的批判性反思能力，不强迫人们扮演特定的

角色，也不鼓励个人互相背叛）“可知，个人诚信在社会上受到重视，因为它是批判性思维的基础,故选C。

10.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesof

peoplelivinginaparticularsociety,ihelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,even（hedestinyofa

nation.（个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神。它可以影响生活在某一特定社会中的人民的生活，影响所有人民的生活，

从最厂泛的意义上说，甚至影响一个国家的命运）”以及画线词上文“Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyare

corrupt,itcouldhavebadeffects”和后文“thehealthymoralityofthesociety.“可知，相反，如果生活在社会中的人是

腐败的，就会有不良的影响，危害社会的健康道德。故画线词意思是“破坏A.assessing评价;B.strengthening

加强；C.destroying破坏;D.influencing影响。故选C。

11.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheir

principles,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers/一个由正直的人组成的社会，以及

在原则上从不妥协的人，可以对其成员的个人发展产生积极的影响）''可知，作者认为，社会结构引导个人诚信的

形成。故选D。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetobe

right.（正直是一种诚实的品质，并且对你认为正确的事情保持坚定的态度）”提出了关于正直的概念；第二段中

"'Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety4个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神）”提出第一个分论点,

个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神；第三段中“Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentof

individualinlegrity.（此外，社会可以有利于个人诚信的发展）”提出第二个分论点，即社会可以有利于个人诚信的发

展；以及第三段中“Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples,

couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsniembers.（——个由正直的人组成的社会，以及在原贝U上

从不妥协的人，可以对其成员的个人发展产生积极的影响）”提出第一个次要点，社会结构引导个人诚信的形成；

第四段中“However,somesocialstructuresarcofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursueintcgrity.（然而，对于一

些追求诚信的个人来说，一些社会结构是错误的）''为第二个次要点，指出社会结构的错误：最后一段中“Underno

circumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.（在任何情况卜我们都不能低估人

类诚信在社会中的重要性）”对文章进行总结；可推知A最符合文章结构。故选A。

4

Wearenotwhowethinkweare.

TheAmericanself-imageisspreadwiththegoldenglowofopportunity.WethinkoftheUnitedStatesasalandof

unlimitedpossibility,notsomuchaclasslesssocietybutasaplacewhereclassismutable—aplacewherebrains,energy

andambitionarcwhatcount,notthecircumstancesofone'sbirth.

TheEconomicMobilityProject,anambitiousresearchledbyPewCharitableTrusts,lookedattheeconomic

fortunesofalargegroupoffamiliesovertime,comparingtheincomeofparentsinthelate1960swiththeincomeof

theirchildreninthelate1990sandear'y2000s.Hereisthefinding:The“ragstoriches^^storyismuchmorecommonin

Hollywood(hanonMainSlreet.Only6percentofchildrenborntoparentswithfamilyincomeattheverybottommove

to(hetop.

Thatisright,just6percentofchIdrenborntoparentswhorankedinthebottomofthestudysample,intermsof

income,wereabletobootstraptheirwayintothetop.Meanwhile,anincredible42percentofchildrenbornintothat

lowestarcstillstuckatthebottom,havingbeenunabletoclimbasinglerungoftheincomeladder.

IlisnotedthateveninBritan—anationwethinkofasburdenedwithahidebound(守I口的)class

system-childrenwhoarebornpoorhaveabetterchanceofmovingup.Whenthestudieswerereleased,mostreporters

focusedonthefinding(hatAfrican-Americansborntomiddle-classoruppermiddle-classfamiliesareearningslightly

less,ininflation-adjusteddollars,thandidtheirparents.

Oneofthestudiesindicates,infact,thatmostofthefinancialgainswhitefamilieshavemadenthepastthree

decadescanbeattributedtotheentryofwhitewomenintothelaborforce.ThisismuchlesstrueforAfrican-Americans.

Thepicturethatemergesfromallthecorrelationsandpercentagesisofanationinwhich,overall,“thecurrent

generationofadultsisbetteroffthanthepreviousone"，asoneofthestudiesnotes.

Themedianincomeofthefamiliesinthesamplegroupwas$55,600inthelate1960s;theirchildren'smedian

familyincomewasmeasuredat$71,9C0.However,thisrisingridehasnotliftedallboatsequally.Therichhaveseenfar

greaterincomegainsthanthepoor.

EvenmoretroublingisthatournationofAmericaasthelandofopportunitygetslittlesupper:fromthedata.

Americansmovefairlyeasilyupanddownthemiddlerungsoftheladder,butthereis“stickinessattheend“一fouroul

oftenchildrenwhoarebornpoorwillremainpoor,andfourouloftenwhoarebornrichwillslayrich.

13.WhatdidtheEconomicMobilityProjectfindinitsresearch?

A.Childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesarcunabletobootstraptheirwayto(hetop.

B.Ho'lywoodactorsandactressesarcupwardlymobilefromragstoriches.

C.Theragstorichesstoryismorefictionthanreality.

D.Theragstorichesstoryisonlytrueforasmallminorityofwhites.

14.Itcanbeinferredfrom(hewriterth<UAmerica,asaclasslesssociety,should.

A.perfectitsself-imageasalandofopportunity

B.haveahigherlevelofupwardmobilitythanBritain

C.enableAfrican-Americanstohaveexclusiveaccesstowell-paidemployment

D.encouragethecurrentgenerationtoworkashardasthepreviousgeneration

15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheUSisalandwherebrains,energyandambilionarewhatcount.

B.Inequalitypersistsbetweenwhitesandblacksinfinancialgains.

C.Middle-classfamiliesearnslightlylesswithinflationconsidered.

D.ChJdrcninlowcst-incoincfamiliesmanagetoclimbasinglerungoftheladder.

16.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.SocialUpwardMobilityinAmericaB.IncredibleIncomeGainsinAmerica

C.America:LandofUnequalWealthD.America:NotLandofOpportunityforall

【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了TheEconomicMobilityProject的研究发现，美国并不是一个到处充满机

会的地方，白人和黑人之间还是存在不平等的，由穷到富的故事与其说是现实不如说是幻想。

13.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Hereisthefinding:The"ragstoriches''storyismuchmorecommoninHollywood

thanonMainStreet.Only6percentofchildrenborntoparentswithfamilyincomeattheverybottommovetothetop.

（研究发现:“白手起家'’的故事在好荚坞比在普通民众中更为常见。在家庭收入最低的家庭中，只有6%的孩子能

升到社会顶层“可知，白手起家的故事与其说是现实，不如说是虚构的。故选C。

14.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheAmericanself-imageisspreadwiththegoldenglowofopportunity.Wethinkof

theUnitedStatesasalandofunlimitedpossibility,notsomuchaclasslesssocietybutasaplacewhereclassis

mutable—aplacewherebrains,energyandambitionarewhatcount,notthecircumstancesofone'sbirth.（美国人的自

我形象洋溢着机会的金光。我们认为美国是一块充满无限可能的土地，与其说它是一个没有阶级的社会，不如说

它是一个阶级是可变的地方——在这里，智力、精力和雄心是最重要的，而不是一个人的出身可推知，美国，

作为一个无阶级社会，应该完善自己的自我形象,成为一个充满机遇的国家。故选A。

15.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Whenthestudieswerereleased,mostreportersfocusedonthefindingthat

African-Americansborntomiddle-classoruppermiddle-classfamiliesarcearningslightlyless,ininflation-adjusted

dollars,Ihandidtheirparents.（当这些研究公布时，大多数记者关注的是出生于中产阶级或中上层家庭的非裔美国

人的收入（经通胀因素调整后）略低于他们的父母。）”和文章第六段“Oneofthestudiesindicates,in「act,thatmostof

thefinancialgainswhitefamilieshavemadeinthepastthreedecadescanbeattributedtotheentryofwhitewomeninto

thelaborforce.Thisismuchlesstruefi）rAfrican-Americans.（事实_L,其中一项研究表明，白人家庭在过去三，I年

里取得的经济收益大部分可以归因于白人女性进入劳动力市场。这对非裔美国人来说就不那么真实了。〉”可知，

在经济收入方面，白人和黑人之间的不平等依然存在。故选B。

16.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段"EvenmoretroublingisthatournationofAmericaasthelandofopportunitygets

littlesupper:fromthedata.America