第5讲动词时态语态-1（原卷版）

第5讲动词时态语态12026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用）（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）内容提要思维导图表格呈现对点练习单题突破综合提升一、高频基础时态（主动语态）用法表此表格聚焦本讲核心的4种基础时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时）的主动语态规则，明确各时态的功能、结构及时间标志词，是判断“动作发生时间状态”的基础框架。类别核心功能主动语态结构高频时间标志词一般现在时1.表客观真理、永恒事实2.表习惯性、经常性动作3.表当前稳定状态1.主语非三单：do2.主语三单：does（如works,teaches）everyday/week,usually,always,sometimes,客观真理无标志词一般过去时表过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态（动作已结束）did（规则动词+ed，如worked；不规则动词需特殊记，如ate,saw）yesterday,lastweek/month/year,ago,in2020,justnow现在进行时1.表当前（说话时）正在进行的动作2.表现阶段（未明确结束）持续的动作am/is/are+doing（如amworking,isteaching）now,atthemoment,thesedays,look!listen!过去进行时1.表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作2.表过去某一时间段持续的动作was/were+doing（如wasworking,wereteaching）at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday,when/while引导的过去时间状语从句注意事项：1.三单形式规则：一般现在时主语为“he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词”时，动词需变三单，以“s/x/sh/ch/o”结尾加“es”（如fixfixes,teachteaches），以“辅音+y”结尾变“y”为“i”加“es”（如studystudies）；2.不规则动词记忆：需重点掌握高频不规则动词的过去式（如gowent,taketook），避免因形式错误导致时态混淆；3.现在进行时的“现阶段”语义：若表“最近一段时间在做某事（未明确此刻正在做）”，也需用现在进行时（如Iamreadinganovelthesedays，不一定此刻正在读）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Theearth________(go)aroundthesun,whichisawellknownobjectivetruth.2.He________(visit)hisgrandparentswithhisparentseveryweekendtoshowhislove.3.Mysister________(read)aninterestingnovelinherroomatthemoment.4.I________(watch)awonderfulmoviewhenmybestfriendcalledmelastnight.5.They________(play)basketballontheschoolplaygroundthistimeyesterdayafternoon.二、高频基础时态（被动语态）用法表此表格梳理4种基础时态的被动语态结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决“动作承受关系”的判断问题，是语法填空“动词形式转换”的高频考点。类别被动语态结构核心功能主动→被动转换示例一般现在时am/is/are+done（如amdone,istaught）表经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或当前的被动状态主动：HeteachesEnglish.→被动：Englishistaughtbyhim.一般过去时was/were+done（如wasdone,weretaught）表过去某一具体时间的被动动作主动：Shefinishedtheworkyesterday.→被动：Theworkwasfinishedbyheryesterday.现在进行时am/is/are+being+done（如ambeingdone,isbeingtaught）表当前（说话时）正在进行的被动动作主动：Theyarerepairingthecarnow.→被动：Thecarisbeingrepairedbythemnow.过去进行时was/were+being+done（如wasbeingdone,werebeingtaught）表过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作主动：Hewascleaningtheroomat9lastnight.→被动：Theroomwasbeingcleanedbyhimat9lastnight.注意事项：1.被动语态的“be动词”变化：be动词需随主语单复数及时态变化（如主语单数+一般过去时用was，主语复数+现在进行时用are），不可固定用am/is/are；2.“by+执行者”的省略：若无需强调动作执行者，可省略“by+主语”（如Theletterwaswrittenyesterday.无需说byher），但强调执行者时必须保留；3.不及物动词无被动：本讲明确“不及物动词（如happen,occur,rise,fall）无被动语态”，避免错误表达（如“Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday”错误，正确：Anaccidenthappenedyesterday）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.English________(teach)asamainforeignlanguageinmostmiddleschoolsinChina.2.Theoldphotos________(find)inasmallboxwhenwecleanedtheatticlastweekend.3.Anewlibrary________(build)inourmunitynow,anditwillbefinishednextyear.4.Thevaluablepainting________(repair)byafamousartistat9o'clockthismorning.5.Thesedifficultmathproblems________(discuss)bythestudentsintheclassthistimeyesterday.三、语法填空题型专项考查表此表格结合文档“语法填空”题型（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例，直接对应文档“模拟练习”“真题操练”的考查方向。类型考点要求解题逻辑步骤真题级示例给动词填形式用所给动词的正确时态/语态形式填空（如括号内给do，填does/did/wasdone等）1.判断动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs被动（主语是承受者）2.判断动作时间：根据时间标志词/语境确定时态3.确定形式：结合时态+语态写动词正确形式1.He______(teach)inthisschoolfor5years.（无被动逻辑，表当前状态，填teaches）2.Theoldbuilding______(repair)lastmonth.（主语是承受者，过去时间，填wasrepaired）无提示填单词填入适当的be动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成被动语态1.分析句子结构：谓语是否缺“be动词”2.判断时态：根据语境/时间标志确定时态3.判断单复数：根据主语单复数确定be动词形式1.Themeeting______heldinthehallyesterday.（过去时，主语单数，填was）2.Manytrees______beingplantedthesedays.（现在进行时，主语复数，填are）注意事项：1.无提示填单词的“be动词”判断：需先确认是否表被动（若主语是动作承受者，必填be动词），再结合时态、单复数确定具体形式，不可盲目填do/does；2.给动词填形式的“时态优先”：若无法直接判断语态，可先通过时间标志词确定时态（如“now”→现在进行时），再判断主动/被动；3.避免“时态语态重复错误”：如“isbeingdone”已含现在进行时+被动，不可多填be动词（错误：isbeingisdone）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Theyoungman________(work)inabigpanyasanengineernowbecauseheisgoodattechnology.2.Alltheimportantdocuments________(send)tothemanagerbyhisassistantjustnow.3.Abigsportsmeeting________heldinourschooleverytwoyearstoencouragestudentstoexercise.4.Theoldhouse________beingpulleddownwhenthegovernmentstoppedtheprojectlastmonth.5.Myfavoritesinger________(perform)anewsongonthestageatthemoment,andallfansarecheering.四、易错点对比辨析表此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、语态误用），通过“错误正确”对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。易错类型错误表达正确表达核心规则总结时态混淆（一般过去时vs过去进行时）IwatchedTVat8lastnight.（错误：“at8lastnight”表过去某时刻，需用进行时）IwaswatchingTVat8lastnight.表“过去某一时刻正在做”用过去进行时，表“过去某时间做过（已结束）”用一般过去时语态误用（不及物动词用被动）Abigfirewashappenedintheforestyesterday.（错误：happen是不及物动词，无被动）Abigfirehappenedintheforestyesterday.不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall）无被动语态，只能用主动形式现在进行时表“习惯性动作”错误Heisoftenplayingbasketballafterschool.（错误：“often”表习惯性动作，需用一般现在时）Heoftenplaysbasketballafterschool.表“习惯性、经常性动作”用一般现在时，表“当前/现阶段进行”用现在进行时被动语态be动词遗漏Theworkfinishedbyhimyesterday.（错误：主语是承受者，缺be动词）Theworkwasfinishedbyhimyesterday.被动语态必须含“be动词+过去分词”，be动词不可遗漏，需随时间/单复数变化注意事项：1.时间标志词的“唯一性”：不同时态对应固定时间标志词（如“at8lastnight”只对应过去进行时），需牢记标志词与时态的匹配关系；2.不及物动词的“主动表被动”：部分不及物动词短语（如takeplace,breakout）虽有“被动含义”，但仍用主动形式（如“Thewarbrokeoutin1939”，不可说wasbrokenout）；3.语境优先原则：若无明确时间标志词，需通过上下文逻辑判断时态（如“Look!Thedog______(run)”，通过“Look!”判断用现在进行时isrunning）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Thelittleboy________(draw)apicturewhenhismothercamebackhomeyesterdayevening.2.Aterribleaccident________(happen)onthisbusyroadlastFriday,causingtwoinjuries.3.Myparentsusually________(take)awalkintheparkafterdinnerinsteadofwatchingTV.4.Thedifficulttask________(plete)bythehardworkingteamafterthreeweeksofeffort.5.Thestudents________(notlisten)totheteachercarefullywhenthesuddennoisebrokeout.一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1．（2024·河北·一模）Theybrokemywindowsand(threat)me.2．（2021·广东江门·一模）——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,it(take)usawholeweektogetthere.3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Thestudents’proposals(evaluate)basedoncreativitylastsemester.4．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI(know)thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Doingexerciseinthemorning（be）goodforourhealth.6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Littleweknowhislife.7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）They(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem，andnowwe(work)onitasnogoodresultshaveeoutsofar.8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Notonlythewritersspeakwithpeoplewhostudycultureandgroupbehavior,butalsotheytalkedwithanimalsexpertslikezookeepers.9．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）Afterthewars,theIndiansweredriventothewestofthecountry.Notuntil1924theygaintherighttovote.10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）OnedayGeneandHannahBortnickheardpianomusicingfromtheirlivingroom.Theythoughttheir3yearoldsonEthan

(listen)toaCD．11．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.12．（2122高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Nowadays,cellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames,musicandcalendarsandmorenewfunctions(add)．13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.14．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）Hewenthomeinahurry,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Forexample,I(order)adigitalcameraonlinetheotherdayandsavedabout$50.PassageSEQa1（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IwasbornandraisedinCleveland,OhiointheUnitedStates.Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,1bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfreerange,and2(center)heatingdoesn’texist.Nothinginmylifebeforepreparedme3thisoneandtobesure,thefirsttimeIcamehereIneverimaginedIwouldeverfeelfortableinthisarea.Butit’samazinghowyoucanadapt4learninanewenvironment.Overtime,I’vefound5(I)feelingextremelyathomehere.Andintheprocess,I’veexperiencedthingsthatreallysurprisemeattimes.The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes6(be)oneofthem.

Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance7(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.ThesundriedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe8(absent)ofsmogandplentyofbluesky9(afternoon)withlotsoffreshair.Ifyou’veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt10(leave)tosunforaday,well,you’remissingoutononeoflife’swonders.PassageSEQa2（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,1originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.Goisoneof2earliestbinarybased(基于二元的)games.ThemovementsoftheblackandwhitepiecesreflectthebasicideasofEasternphilosophy,accordingtoTuNingning,whoisinchargeoftheexhibition.“TheexhibitionbringstogetherGoculture,cuttingedgetechnologyandcontemporaryart,”saysTu.“Wehope3(present)theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext,andinitiatedialogueswithminimalistart,conceptualartandexpressionism.”“InaGogame,eachmoveshouldservealongtermgoal.Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour‘4(guide)’tilltheylose,”explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.“Theplayers’personalities5(reveal)duringthegame,andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent,”sheadds.“Adecentwinneralways6(try)tobeattheopponent7nomorethanoneortwopointsasagesture(姿态)ofrespectfortheotherside.”Tusaysthatthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,thebeautyinthe8(strategy)placementofthepieces,9theenergyflowfollowingeachmoveinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,10(digital)generatedpicturesandsilkscreenprintsfortheexhibition.PassageSEQa3（2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asthewheeloftimeturns,traditionalpracticesarewitnessingaeback.GuaSha,anancientChinesehealingtechnique,hasbeengaining1(popular)inrecentyearsasaholisticapproachtowellnessandbeauty,becauseitoffersvariousbenefitstomodernwellnessseekers.Onamediaapp,abeforeandaftervideoofGuaShahasbeenviewedmorethan11.8milliontimes.Meanwhile,influencershavestartedtosharetheirGuaSharoutinesonsomeothermediaapps,attracting2(grow)attentionfromglobalaudiences.Moreover,Westernbeautystoresand

3(celebrity)havejumpedatthefashionandstartedfavoringGuaShaorsellingitstools.Actually,GuaShahasbeenpracticedinChinasincetheMingDynastyandisknowntohavemusclepainrelieved4improvebloodcirculation.Originally,it5(use)onthebody,likearms,legs,andback;however,nowadays,it’smonlyusedtoimprovethehealthof6(face)skin.Thepracticeisperformedusingasmoothedgedtooltogentlyscrape(刮)areasofthebody,7,accordingtoTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM),canencourageahealthyflowofenergyandblood.GuaSha,aTCMpractice,also8(serve)asaculturalpractice,nowhas9(incredible)founditswaytotheWestduetoitspotentialhealthbenefits.Undoubtedly,promotingTCMpracticescouldbe10muchneededopportunityforotherstolearnmoreaboutChineseculture.PassageSEQa4（2025·河北衡水·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Neuralink,1(found)byElonMusk,planstobeginclinicaltrialsintheUnitedStatesinOctober2025oftheBrainputerInterface(BCI),adevicethatcanreadspeechsignals2(direct)fromthebrainandtransformthemintotext.Theprojectaimstohelppeoplewithspeechdisorders.Thepany’spresident,DJSeo,saidtheUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasgranted3(permit)forthestudy.Accordingtohim,thetechnologywillbeabletorecord4apersonistryingtosayormentallyimaginespeech.“Ifyou’reimaginingsayingsomething,wewouldbeabletopickthatup,”Seosaid.Neuralinkiscurrentlyconductingfivemoreclinicaltrialsofimplants(植入)thatallowusers5(control)electronicdevices,includingputers,usingbrainsignals.Thepanyisconsideringimplantingthedeviceinhealthypeopleby2030,whichwouldbe6steptowardscreatingconsumertechnology.Similardevelopmentsarealreadybeingtestedbyotherscientificgroupstorestorespeechinpatients7possessabilitytothinkbutcannotphysicallypronouncewords.WhilepanieslikeSynchronfocusonlessinvasive(侵入的)methods,Neuralink’sdeeperbrainimplantapproachoffers8(detailed)braindata.ThestartofthetestsinOctoberwaspostponedfromthepreviousplan:implantationinthepartofthebrainforlanguage9(suppose)tobeginbytheendofSeptember.Inadditionto10(restore)speech,NeuralinkisstudyingthepossibilitiesoftreatingblindnessandParkinson’sdisease.PassageSEQa5（2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The2025RevivingCraft—China’sIntangibleCulturalHeritageandContemporaryDesignexhibitionwasheldatPalazzoSerbelloniinMilanfromOct3to12.Theexhibition1(organize)jointlybySunMediaGroupandtheItalyChinaCouncilFoundation.2thetheme“ANarrativeofSocialLife”,theexhibitionfocusedontheroleofcultureinsocialinteractions,3(deepen)amutualappreciationbetweenChineseandItalianaudiencesthroughdialoguesofartandthe4(wise)oftheircivilizations.Structuredthroughtwointerwovenparts,theexhibitionspaceblendedphilosophicalthoughtswithaestheticfeelings.Theexhibitionfeaturedfour5(theme)areas—Banquet,Salon,Merenda,andOpera.Throughexhibitsthatincorporatedbothintangibleculturalheritage6contemporarydesigns,suchasclothes,

jewelry,furniture,porcelain(瓷器),winevessels,andtea,theyexaminedthedifferentrelationshipbetween

humans,socialactivities,fashion,andculturalheritage.Theexhibitionbrokeawayfrom7(convention)methods,employingimmersivedisplays,storiesbasedonreallife,andcreativeexpressions.Italso8