阅读理解之细节理解题解读-2023年高考英语一轮复习

2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清

阅读理解之细节理解题解读

【题型解读】

细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信

息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我

们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。

常见的命题方式通常有：

1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,hownuich/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；

2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年这种题型较少；

3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式：

4.以填空题的形式，如：

(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.

(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeans(hat.

(3)Itseems(hatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

(4)Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople'slifewillbe,youmayvisit.

(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat.

(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening'toRollswantedto.

5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。

做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养

自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先

从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查

读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读

法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确承。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：

(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相

似，只是在程度.上有些变动：(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。

有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作巴解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获

取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地

将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原

文中的语句并非•模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有

关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系

将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断.此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，

有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有

用的信息。

【解答攻略】

一、点式细节理解题

式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生i般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，

此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词（题眼），

运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题下相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最

后确定答案。

1.直接信息题：一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文

一两句话的信息。

【典型例题】（2020.全国卷I阅读A）

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.

WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeof

connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.

21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?

A.Call131617.

B.Visittranslink.au.

C.Askatthelocalstation.

D.Checkthetrainschedule.

【分析】

•第一步找关键词：ticketinfonnation

.第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticketinformation,确定关键句为第一段的第二句"Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”。

・第三步比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。

2.间接信息题：一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整

理后得出结论。

【典型例题】（202O全国卷III阅读D）

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippincs.Thcymadealivingasdivers,

spearfishingorharvestingshellfish/'Weweresonmnzedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthannslocal

islanders,''Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.

B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.

D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

【分析】

•第•步找关键词：astonished

.第二步定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“Weweresoamazedthat

theycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。

・第三步比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。

3.数字计算题：要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析司理解，利用

加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。

（典型例题】（2018•全国卷HI阅读A）

VisitorInformation

HowtoGeltoHolker

ByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere-20minutes,

Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster~45minutes,Manchester-Ihour30minutes.

ByRail：TheneareststationisCark-in—CartmelwithtrainstoCamforth»LancasterandPrestonforconnections

tomajorcities&airports.

OpeningTimes

Sunday—Friday（closedonSaturday）11：00am—4：00pm,30thMarch—2ndNovember.

AdmissionCharges

【分析】

•第一步分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。

.第二步确定H标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“Isaid,*Don,tyoufindpartsofit...the

nextgoodpart.'”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。

・第三步逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，

选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。

对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综

合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。

（典型例题】（2020•全国卷II阅读B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmaihemaiicsdevelopmeminyoungchildrenaitheUniversityofChicago,

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzlcplaywasfound

tobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents,ine,educationandthe

amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child—parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound

childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54

monthsofage.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

【分析】

・第一步分析题干：根据题干定位到childrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay。

.第二步----比对信息源：由第二段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...spatialskills.^^及第三段内容的信息源，

不厌其烦，一一比对。

・第三步综合概括：孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B.

1

Acpaniedbyherfather,usingabinationofaidandfreeclimbingandtakingadvantageofsomespecial

equipmentandropesforprotection,1OyearoldSelahmadeittothetopofElCapitanonJune12afterfivedaysof

bigwallclimbing.

ClimbingthechallengingandadventurousNoserouteofElCapitanwasalaborofloveforSelahinmorethan

oneway.Herparents,MikeandJoySchneiter,fellinloveonthis3,000plusfoothugerockandshehasalways

wantedtofeelthewaychatherparentsfeltwhentheywereuptheretogether.Selahshowedgreatinterestinrock

climbingatanearlyage.Sheworeherfirstrockclimbingequipmentshortlyaftershelearnedtowalk.Shefirst

dreamedofclimbingElCapitanwhenshewas6or7.

ElCapitanisafamousmounUinsizcdrockinYosemiteNationalPark.Gettingtoitstopisnoeasytask.It's

taller,asreported,thanthetallestbuildingintheworldDubai'sBuriKhalifa.ElCapitananditsdifficvltNoseroute,

whichrunsmorethan3.000feethighupihecenterof(herock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbig

wallclimbsandhasattractedthebestclimbersover(ime.Bu(neverbeforehadayoungsteracplishedit.

Selah'sachievementcaughtnationalattention.OutsideMagazinecalledhertheyoungestdocumentedperson

toclimbtheNose.KenYager,presidentoftheYosemiteClimbingAssociation,saidhealsocouldn'tthinkof

anyoneyoungerwhohasdoneit.

SelahishumbleaboutherElCapitanacplishment."I'mnotnecessarilyaspecialkidoranythinglikethat,she

said."TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwouldkindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.But

overall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway.”

Selahsharedthisadviceforotheryoungclimbersdreamingofbigwalls,"Ildoesn'tlakenecessarilyasuper

specialpersontodosomethinglikethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmindtoit.”

1.WhatdowelearnaboutSelahclimbingElCapitan?

A.ShebeganherclimbingonJune5.

B.Shegotinspiredbyherfamilyhistory.

C.Shemanagedwithoutanyexternalhelp.

D.Shewasthefirstfemaletoreachthetop.

2.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?

A.TostateElCapitan'sheight.

B.lbproveElCapitan'spopularity.

C.TointroduceElCapitan'slocation.

D.TostressthechallengeofclimbingElCapitan.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSelah?

A.Determined.B.Generous.

C.Warmhearted.D.Fortunate.

4.WhatmaybeSelah'sadviceforotheryoungclimbers?

A.Dreambigandaiinhigh.

B.Bemitiedtoyourambition.

C.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.

D.Nothingisimpossibleforagenius.

【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了10岁的塞拉在父亲的陪同下，借助一些特殊设备和绳索的保护，

在爬了5天的高墙后，于6月12日登上了埃尔卡皮坦山顶的故事。

1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话“Herparents,MikeandJoySchncitcr,fellinloveonthis

3,000plusfoothugerockandshehasalwayswantedtofeelthewaythatherparentsfeltwhentheywereupthere

together."（她的父母，迈克和乔伊•施耐特，在这块3000多英尺高的巨石上相爱，她一直想感受她的父母一

起在那里时的感受。）可知，Selah从她的家族史中受到启发。故选B项。

2.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句"ElCapitananditsdifficultNoseroute,whichrunsmorethan

3,000feethighupthecenteroftherock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbigwallclimbsandhas

attractedthebestclimbersovertime.Butneverbeforehadayoungsteracplishcdit.”（埃尔卡皮坦和它艰难的鼻子

路线，在岩石表面的中心超过3000英尺高，被认为是世界上最难爬的高墙之一，长期以来吸引了最好的攀

岩者。但在此之前，从来没有一个年轻人能做到这一点。）可知，攀登埃尔卡皮坦是十分艰难的。故选D项.

3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的后两句"TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwould

kindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.Butoverall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway."（有JL次，我太疲惫

了，以至于我都不敢坚持下去了。但总的来说，坚持下去是很棒的。）可知，Selah是卜.定决心的。故选A

项。

4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后两句"Ildoesn'ttakenecessarilyasuperspecialpersontodosomething

likethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmindtoil."（做这样的事并不一定需要一个特别的人。你只需要用心去做。）

可知，Selah对年轻人的建议是忠诚于自己的雄心抱负。故选B项。

2

Therearearound400,000studentsinLondon.Asuniversitycanbeacostlytime,manyofthesestudentswill

wanttolookforparttimework.Hereare4relativelyeasyjobstobagyourselfinLondonandensureabitofpocket

moneythroughyouruniversityexperience.

Waitressing

ItisnothardtofindwaitressingjobssinceLondonhasanabundanceofpubsandeateries.Gumtreeand

Indeedaregoodplacesfbrsuchopportunities.HospitalityUKandNextdoorareothergreatwebsites.However,as

manyofthesepositionsareadvertisedonthewindowsofrestaurantsandpubs,goinginsideandaskingthestaff

thereaboutthepositionsisamuchbetteridea.Thiswillalsodemonstrateyouasactiveandconfident.Ratesarc

around£1215anhour.

Mystery（神秘；）shopping

Itmaynothaveyoulaughingtothebankbutit'sextrapocketmoney.Yougoatanytimeasaregularcustomer

andcheckoultheservices（hatthebusinessprovides.Youreportbacktotheclientandtheywillpayfbryour

purchasesalongside£5—10.

CareAssistant

Forthosewhohaveaheartofgoldandwanttohelp,caringistheway.There'sahugedemandforpeopleto

spendyourfreetimewithelderlypeopleorhelppeoplewithdisabilities.Itcanbecookingmealsormakingsure

they'retakingtheirmedicineontime.

Receptionist

Ifyou'reagoodmunicatorandcanactprofessionally,areceptionistmightbeagreatopportunityforyou,

whichwillhelpyoubuildadministrativeskillsandexperience.Receptionistjobsareavailableatdoctorssurgeries,

demists,gyms,largeofficesandmore.

5.Whichisthepreferablewaytolandawaitressingjob?

A.ReferringtoGumtree.B.SurfingNextdoor.

C.Inquiringaboutpositionsinperson,D.Contactingadvertisementpany.

6.Whatdocsamysteryshopperneedtodo?

A.Amusingbankstaff.B.Workingatfixedtimes.

C.Makingpurchasesforclients,D.Feedingbackservicequality.

7.Whichjobhelpsdevelopyouradministrativeskills?

A.Waitressing.B.Mysteryshopping.

C.CareAssistant.D.Receptionist.

【答案与解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学生4种大学生的兼职工作。

5.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第四句话“However,asmanyofthesepositionsareadvertisedonthe

windowsofrestaurantsandpubs,goinginsideandaskingthestaffthereaboutthepositionsisamuchbetteridea.”

（然而，由于许多这样的职位都是贴在餐馆和酒吧的橱窗上的广告，所以进去询问那里的工作人员是一个

更好的主意。）可知，亲自询问职位是找一份服务员职位最好的方法。故选C项。

6.D细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句"Yougoatanytimeasaregularcustomerandcheckouttheservices

thatthebusinessprovides.Youreportbacktotheclientandtheywillpayforyourpurchasesalongside£5—10.”

（作为一个老客户，你可以随时去看看这家公司提供的服务。你向客户报告，他们将为你的购买支付510

英镑。）可知，神秘顾客需要反馈服务质量。故选D项。

7.D细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句"Ifyou'reagoodmunicatorandcanactprofessionally,areceptionist

mightbeagreatopportunityfbryou,whichwillhelpyoubuildadministrativeskillsandexperience?'（如果你善于

沟通，表现得很专业，接待员对你来说可能是一个很好的机会，这将帮助你培养行政技能和经验。）可知，

接待员的工作有助于培养行政技能。故选D项。

3

UKbasedsupermarketWaitrosehasbeenaccusedbysocialmediausersforsellingtreeleavesat6pounds.

Photosofvarioustreeleavespackagedinplasticbagsandarrangedasflowerbouquets（花束）wenthoton

socialmedialately,causingplaints"causeoftheproduct'sprice,sixBritishpounds.Consideringtreeleavescan

literallybepickedupfromthestreetthistimeofyeanifsunderstandablethatsomepeoplewentafterWaitrose,

accusingthesupermarketoftryingtomakemoneybysellingsomethingthatisactuallyfree.

“Abagofactualleaves?I'llsellyouabinbagofleavesfbr10pence,“onecustomerwrote.

“ThishasgottobefromthedrunkMondaymorningmeetingcategoryofideas,5,someoneelsemented.

Apparently,theunusualbouquetsappearedonWaitrosesupermarketshelvesasawaytoweleautumn,and

featuredastickerurgingcustomersto“bringtheoutdoorsinside''."Brightenupyourhomewithfreshlypicked

flowerswhosepleasantscentsrefreshtheseason,95theofficialproductdescriptionread."Wesourcethebest

bloomsfromexpertgrowers,andhandlethemgentlysothattheycanlookbeautifulfbrlongcr.^^

Despitethegenerallynegativefeedbackonitsautuninthemedproduct,theBritishsupermarketproudly

announcedthattheideawasinspiredatthebeginningofautumnbyademandfromshoppers.AWhateverweintend

tooffer,wcbaseourdecisiononthedemandsfromcustomers.Ourcustomersloveusingtheseleavestomixin

withtheirseasonalflowerstobrightentheirhomes,aWaitrosespokespersontoldTheSun.

Interestingly,therewerethosewhoseemedtosomewhatjustifythepricetagofthisbagofleaves.Theysaid

thatthosewereobviously“highqualityleaves''.Theirclaimmightbetnie.Butevenabottleofwinecanbebought

atthesamepriceorless.1(seemscrazytocharge6poundsforabagofleaves.

8.WhywasWaitroseaccusedbysocialmedia?

A.Failingtoofferhighqualityflowers.

B.Pickinguptreeleavesfromthestreet.

C.Carryingoutseeminglydrunkideas.

D.Sellingfreetreeleavesathighprices.

9.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.treeleavespackagedinplasticbagswerenotfresh

B.theunusualbouquetswereintendedtogreetautumn

C.(hesupermarketwithdrewtreeleavesdue(onegativefeedback

D.(heideaofsellingtreeleaveswasinspiredby(heexpertgrowers

10.Whatseemstobethewriter'sattitudetowardsellingtreeleavesat6pounds?

A.Indifferent.B.Favorable.C.Reserved.D.Disapproving.

【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻报道。近日，用塑料袋包装成花灾的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上走红，因

该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。考虑到每年的这个时候人们都可以从街上捡到树叶，所以有些人盯上

维特罗斯超市，指责这家超市试图通过出售免费商品来赚钱，而且这并不是英国商店和超市第一次因高价

出售免费商品而登上新闻头条。

8.D细节理解题。根据第一段的"UKbasedsupermarketWaitrosehasbeenaccusedbysocialmediausersfor

sellingtreeleavesat6pounds.(总部位「英国的超市维特罗斯近日遭到社交媒体用户的炮轰，因为该超市出售

成束的“秋叶”，每束定价6英镑)"可知，维特罗斯超市被指控是因为高价出售免费树叶。故选D。

9.B细节理解题。根据第五段的“Apparently,theunusualbouquetsappearedonWaitrosesupermarketshelves

asawaytoweleautumn,andfeaturedastickerurgingcustomersto"bringtheoutdoorsinside”.(技然，这些不寻常

的花束出现在维特罗斯超市的货架上，是作为欢迎秋天的一种方式，上面有一张贴纸，敦促顾客“把户外活

动带回家可知，这些不寻常的花束是用来迎接秋天的。故选B。

10.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Theirclaimmightbetrue.Butevenabottleofwinecanbeboughtatthe

samepriceorless.Itseemscrazytocharge6poundsforabagofleaves.(他们的说法可能是真的。但即使是一瓶

酒，也可以以同样的价格或更低的价格买到。给•袋树叶收6磅的钱似乎太疯狂了)”可推断，作者对于树叶

卖6磅是不支持的。故选D。

4

Thejoyofgivingisreal,accordingtoastudy.ResearchpresentedintheJournaloftheAssociationfor

PsychologicalScienceshowsthatthosewhogivegiftsarehappier—andhappierforlonger—thanthosewho

receivegifts.

Researchersconductedtwostudieslastyear.Inone,participantsweregiven$5everydayforfivedaysand

wererequiredtospendthemoneyonthesamethingeachday.Someparticipantswererequiredtospendthemoney

on:hcmsclvcs,whileotherswererequiredtogivetomakeadonationtocharity.Inasecondexperimentthatwas

doneonline,participantsplayed10roundsofawordpuzzlegameandeachwon5centsperround,whichthey

couldkeepordonate.

Inbothexperiments,participantsreportedtheiroverallhappiness.Thosewhodonatedtheirmoneyshowed

(hat(heirhappinessdeclinedatamuchslowerratethan(hosewhokeptthemoneyorspentiton(hemselves.

Theresearchersnotethatwhenpeoplefocusonanoute,theycaneasilypareoutes,whichmaydiminishtheir

sensitivitytoeachexperience.Whenpeoplefocusonanaction,theymayfocuslessonparisonandinstead

experienceeachactofgivingasauniquehappincssinducingevent.Furtheranalysesruledoutsomepotential

alternativeexplanations,suchasthepossibilitythatparticipantswhegavetoothershadtothinklongerandharder

aboutwhattogive,whichcouldpromotehigherhappiness.

Theresultsareespeciallyinterestingbecauseaccordingtooneoftheresearchers,EdO'BrienoftheUniversity

ofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusiness,theyconflictwithpastresearch.uIfyouwanttosustainhappinessovertime,

pastresearch(ellsus(hatweneedtotakeabreakfromwhatwerecurrentlyconsumingandexperiencesomething

new.Ourresearchrevealsthatthekindofthingmaymattermorethanassumed:Repeatedgiving,eveninidentical

waystoidenticalother,maycontinuetofeelrelativelyfreshandrelativelypleasurablethemorewedoit,"O'Brien

said.

Soforalltheholidaygiftsyougivethisseason,expecttofeelhappyandknowthatfeelingisgoingtostick

aroundforawhile.

11.What'sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toleadtothetopic.

B.TDhighlighttheimportanceofthestudy.

C.Toremendajournal.

D.Topersuadepeopletogivegiftsregularly.

12.Whydidtheresearchersdotwoexperiments?

A.Tochallengethepastresearch.

B.Toruleoutdifferentexperimentaldata.

C.Tbshowthebenefitsofdonation.

D.Tomaketheconclusionmorecor.vincing.

13.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“diminish”probablymeaninthefourthparagraph?

A.Develop.B.Show.C.Reduce.D.Lack.

14.What'sthemainfindingofthenewstudy?

A.Giftgivingwillresultinlongerhappinessthanreceiving.

B.Thinkinglongerandharderongivingwillpromotehigherhappiness.

C.Thefeelingofhappinesswilldisappearsoonifpeoplejustgiveholidaygifts.

D.Takingabreakfromwhatwerecurrentlyconsumingwillsustainhappiness.

【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文的一项研究表明，给予礼物比接受礼物的人更快乐，快乐的时间

更长，并且用实验证明了这一研究结果。

11.A推理判断题。根据文章第一一段"Thejoyofgivingisreal,accordingtoastudy.Researchpresentedinthe

JournaloftheAssociationfbrPsychologicalScienceshowsthatthosewhogivegiftsarehappier—andhappierfor

longer—thanthosewhoreceivegilts."（一项研究表明，给予的快乐是真实的。发表在《心理科学协会杂志》

上的一项研究表明，那些送礼物的人比那些收礼物的人更快乐，而且更快乐的时间更长。）以及下文的实验

研究结果都表明送礼物的人比收礼物的人更快乐，而且更快乐的时间更长可推知，第一段的作用是引出主

题。故选A。

12.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Inbothexperiments,participantsreportedtheiroverallhappiness.Those

whodonatedtheirmoneyshowedthattheirhappinessdeclinedatamuchslowerratethanthosewhokeptthe

moneyorspentitonthemselves/'（在两个实验中，参与者报告了池们的总体幸福感。那些捐了钱的人比那些

把钱留着或花在自己身上的人幸福感下降的速度要慢得多。）可知，这两个实验的结果也表明送礼物的人比

那些收礼物的人更快乐，故推断这两个实验就是让我们对这个研究结果更信服，故选D。

13.C词义猜测题。根据下文“Whenpeoplefocusonanaction,theymayfocuslessonparisonandinstead

experienceeachactofgivingasauniquehappinessinducingevent?当人们关注行为时,他们可能较少关注比

较，而是将每•个给予行为作为•个独特的快乐诱导事件来体验。由此可推断上文当人们关注结果的时候,

他们可以很容易地比较结果，这可能会降低他们对每种经历的敏感性。由此猜测“diminish”，意为“降低”，

和reduce同义，故选C

14.A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ourresearchrevealsthatthekindofthingmaymattermorethan

assumed:Repeatedgiving,eveninidenticalwaystoidenticalother,maycontinuetofeelrelativelyfreshand

relativelypleasurablethemorewcdoif'（我们的研究表明，这类事情可能比我们想象的更重要：不断给予，

其至以相同的方式给予相同的人，我们做得越多，可能会持续感到相劝新鲜和相对愉悦。）可知，新研究的

结论就是给予礼物比接受礼物的人更快乐，故选A。

5

AretiredpostmanfromTurkeyandabeautifulwhiteswanhavebeeninseparablefornearlyfourdecades,and

（hestoryoftheiramazingfriendshiphasmeltedtheheartsofmillions.

WhenRecepMirzanspottedawoundedswaninafieldinTurkey'sEdimeprovince,in1984,hehadnoidea

（hathewasaboutcomeethisbestfriend.Hewasinacarwithagroupoffriends,whenhespottedaswanthat

appearedtohaveabrokenwinginanemptyfield.Mirzanquicklyrealizedthatleavingthebirdtherewasthesame

assigningitsdeathsentence,aspredators（捕食者）wouldhavemostlikelyeatenit,sohestoppedthecarandtook

thebirdwithhim.Hetookithomeandstartednursingitbacktohcakh.

“SinceIloveanimals,Itookherhomeinsteadofleavingherasfoodtofoxes,nMirzantoldTheAssociatedPress.

Wegotusedtoeachother.Weneverseparated.Evenafterthefemaleswan'sbrokenwinghealed,itdidn'ttrytofly

away.Instead,itbefriendedtheotheranimalsonRecep'sfarmintheKaraagacregion,anddecidedtostickaround.

RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimfor（helast37years.

“SheeswhenIcall.Since1984,shehasneverleftme,notevenduringtheriverfloods,theretiredpostman

toldAnadoluNewsAgency.t4Sheusedtobemorevigorous,butshehasgrownoldnow.Ifshedies,Iwillmakeher

anicegravehere,butIhopewelivemoretogether/'

GariphasherowncooponMirzan'sfarm,butshemostlyspendsnightsinit.Duringtheday,sheisbusy

followingherhumanfriendaround,eitherduringhisdailychores,oronhiseveningwalks.

Afterhiswifediedafewyearsago,RecepMirzanstartedspendingmoretimewithhisanimals,andsincehe

hasnohumanchildren,heregardsGaripashischild.

Whooperswanscanlivefordecadesinprotectedenvironments,butGariphaslongsurpassedtheaverage

lifespanforherspecies.

15.WhydidRecepsavetheswanaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hefeltextremelylonely.

B.Theswanwasarareanimal.

C.Hewasarealanimallover.

D.Theswanwasbeingfollowedbyfoxes.

16.Ilcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.iheswanstayedwithRecepatnightafterthedeathofhiswife

B.GariplivedalongerlifeprobablybecauseofthecareofRcccp

C.Rcccp'sfriendsdirectlysignedthewoundedswandeathsentence

D.Rcccpwassuretomeetalifelongfriendwhenhespottedthewoundedswan

17.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARetiredPostman'sStoryHasMeltedtheHeartsofMillions

B.ManandSwanHaveBeenBestFriendsfortheLast37Years

C.AWoundedSwanHasBefriendedtheOtherAnimalsonaFarm

D.HumansHaveMadeEffortstoProtecttheEnvironmentsforSwans

【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道了一个退休邮递员救了一只受伤的天鹅，此后他们成了

好朋友，已经在一起37年了。

15.C细节理解题。根据第三段的“"SinceIloveanimals,Ilookherhomeinsteadofleavingherasfoodto

fbxes,“MirzantoldTheAssociatedPress.（Mirzan告诉美联社记者：“因为我喜欢动物，所以我把她带回家，

而不是留下她成为狐狸的食物。”可知，RecepMirzan救这只受伤的小天鹅是因为他是一个真正爱动物的

人。故选C。

16.B推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hewasinacarwithagroupoffriends,whenhespottedaswanthat叩peared

tohaveabrokenwinginanemptyfield.（他和一群朋友在车里，发现一只天鹅在一片空地上，它的翅膀好像

折断了。）","Hetookithomeancstartednursingitbacktohealth.（他把它带回家,照顾它恢复健康）”和第

三段的"RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimforthelast37years.（Recep给她起名叫Garip,她和

他在一起已经37年了。）“可推知，由于Recep的救助和照顾Garip才有了一个更长的生命。故选B。

17.B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“AretiredpostmanfromTurkeyandabeautifulwhite

swanhavebeeninseparablefornearlyfourdecades,andthestoryoftheiramazingfriendshiphasmeltedthehearts

ofmillions.（一位来自土耳其的退休邮递员和一只美丽的白天鹅近40年来形影不离，他们惊人友谊的故事

融化了数百万人的心。）”和第三段的“RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimforthelast37years.

（Rec叩给她起名叫Garip,她和他在一起已经37年了。）“可知，本文主要讲述了一个退休邮递员救了一只

受伤的天鹅，此后他们成了好朋友，已经在一起37年了。故“人和天鹅长达37年的友情”可以作为本文的最

佳标题。故选B。

6

inAsia,thecarisasmuchastatussymbolasitisameansoftransport.Acar'sdesignisnottheonly

considerationwhenavehiclehastosuittheneedsofeveryoneinthefamily.

Thisisthecaseforoneparticulargroupofdrivers:Thesandwichgeneration,whoarcstuckbetweencaringfor

theirchildrenandcaringfortheirparents.Forthem,the'familycar'isoftensharedwitheveryonefromthenewly

licensedteenst