福建省厦门某中学2025-2026学年高二10月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建省厦门某中学2025-2026学年高二10月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APowerofPublicSpeakinghaspartneredwithASIInnovationLabstointegrateartificialintelligenceintothePopsClassroomplatformforimprovingpublicspeakingskills.ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.CriteriaUsingmachinelearningmodels,thePopsAdvisoranalyzesthefollowingcriteria:DeliveryIntroductionBodyConclusionVocalStyleVocalQualityVocalFillerEyeContactBodyLanguageCredibilityAttentionCentralIdeaPreviewConnectiveSupportLanguageConnectiveCredibilityOrganizationSignalingEndingSummaryMemorableEndingCredibilityFeedbackThepresenterreceivesfeedbackontheabovefourcategories.Andthisfeedbackisgiveninthefollowingformats:•RecommendationsToprovidepresenterswithvaluablefeedbackforthenextpractice,recommendationsfocusonspecificaspectsneedingimprovement.Forinstance,therecommendationcanbe“Yourmessageisclear,butbesureyouaregrabbingyouraudience’sattentioninyourintroductiontoensuretheyarelistening.”•SpeechMetrics(指标)Usefulspeechmetricsserveasquantitativedescriptorsonseveralaspectsofthepresentationincludingnumberofwords,totalpresentationtime,speakingrateandvocalfillerspercentage.PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.Whenyouareconsideringwhatcanbeachievedbyyourstudentstowardskilldevelopmentinasingleschoolsemester,Advisorincreasestheoveralldevelopment.1.WhatisthePopsAdvisor?A.Avoiceassistant. B.Avideoplayer. C.Atimetracker. D.Anevaluationtool.2.Whichofthefollowingcategoriesprovidesfeedbackonfacialexpressions?A.Delivery. B.Introduction. C.Body. D.Conclusion.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Labtechnicians. B.Publicspeechinstructors.C.Foreignlanguagelearners. D.ArtificialIntelligenceengineers.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一款可以自动评估学生的视频演示，并提供视觉反馈的工具PopsAdvisor。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.(第一个项目是PopsAdvisor，它可以自动评估学生的视频演示，并提供视觉反馈。)”以及第二段“Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(学生可以使用该工具自主操作，教师也可以选择跟踪学生的进度。)”可知，PopsAdvisor是一款评估工具，故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Criteria部分Delivery中的“BodyLanguage(肢体语言)”可知Delivery这一项提供面部表情反馈，故选A项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(TheAdvisor为在任何地方练习公共演讲的学生提供按需评论。这种灵活性有利于教师，他们可以在练习中亲力亲为或放手不管。学生可以使用该工具自主操作，教师也可以选择跟踪学生的进度。)”以及最后一段“PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.(PopsAdvisor可以在任何学生演讲的课堂环境中使用，特别是在基础公共演讲课程中。)”可推知本文是针对公共演讲讲师的，故选B项。BItwasmybirthday,andIwascelebratingitasIhadforyears:bywatchingthemeteorshower(流星雨).Butthisyearwasdifferent.At23,Iwasawayfrommyfamilyforthefirsttime.IwasworkingonmygraduatedegreeinmedicineasIhadplannedtodoforthepast15years.Butnow,watchingthemeteorshower,Ibegantoquestionthatpath.Intheweekssincestartingmydegree,IhadmetpeopleinareasIhadneverconsidered—neuroscience,archaeology,andevenastrophysics.Couldmylifelongloveforastronomybemorethanahobby?ShouldIsticktomylong-standingplansorturntotheunknown?Thenanothereventhelpedmemakeadecision:asolareclipse(日食).Ifoundaquietspotinavalley.TheanticipationbuiltastheMoongraduallyslidinfrontoftheSun.Finally,theworldaroundmebecamedark.Thewaterwasstill,thebirdsbecamenoisy,andthesunsetsurroundedme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.Igaveupmedicinetopursuepreviouslyunimaginedoptions.Now,onmyfinalyearofmyPh.D.programinastronomy,Irealizethatmyexposuretothenightskygrowingupgavemeagreatgift.Itofferedmeauniversalview:Facingourvastuniverse,ourindividualneeds,desires,andinsecuritiesbecomeinsignificant,bringinghumanitytogether.Itliberatedmefromallowingearthlyworries,shame,orself-doubttostandinthewayofpursuingnewdreams.IcreatedaprojectcalledDarkEnergyExplorers,aprojectthatgetsthepublicinvolvedinrealcutting-edgeastronomicalresearch.Now,it’sacommunityof17,000volunteersfrom140countries.Duringthisyear’smeteorshower,I’llbepresentingmyresearchattheInternationalAstronomicalUnionconference.Thelittlegirlinsidemewhowatchedthemeteorshowerfromthebackyardcan’twaittowatchthesamebitsofrockandiceflashacrosstheSouthAfricansky.4.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenwatchingthemeteorshower?A.Shedecidedtostudymedicine. B.Shebegantodoubtherability.C.Shemissedherfamilyverymuch. D.Shewantedtochangehergoal.5.Whatplayedamajorroleintheauthor’scareeroption?A.Thevariousjobsshetookup. B.Theobservationofasolareclipse.C.Theexperienceshehadasateacher. D.Theencouragementfromherfamily.6.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Shehasachievedsuccess. B.Shespeaksallovertheworld.C.Sheisimmatureatheart. D.Sheturnstostudyingrocks.7.Whatmessagecanwegetfromthetext?A.Wemustlearnfromourfailures.B.Thegoalisfarmoreidealthanthereality.C.Therightchoiceisbetterthanhardwork.D.Weshouldhavethecouragetopursuedreams.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者放弃所学专业，重新规划人生，勇于追求自己对天文学梦想的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“IwasworkingonmygraduatedegreeinmedicineasIhadplannedtodoforthepast15years.Butnow,watchingthemeteorshower,Ibegantoquestionthatpath.(我正在攻读医学研究生学位，这是我过去15年一直计划要做的事情。但现在，看着流星雨，我开始质疑那条道路。)”以及下文作者放弃医学而去研究天文学可知，作者在看流星雨时打算改变自己未来的职业追求。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thenanothereventhelpedmemakeadecision:asolareclipse(日食).Ifoundaquietspotinavalley.TheanticipationbuiltastheMoongraduallyslidinfrontoftheSun.Finally,theworldaroundmebecamedark.Thewaterwasstill,thebirdsbecamenoisy,andthesunsetsurroundedme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.Igaveupmedicinetopursuepreviouslyunimaginedoptions.(然后，另一件事帮助我做出了决定：日食。我在山谷里找到了一个安静的地方。随着月球逐渐滑到太阳前面，人们的期待越来越强烈。最后，我周围的世界变暗了。水面静了下来，鸟儿也开始鸣叫起来，夕阳环绕着我。我知道我该怎么做。我放弃了医学，去追求以前无法想象的选择。)”可知，观测日食在作者的职业选择中起到了主要作用。故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“IcreatedaprojectcalledDarkEnergyExplorers,aprojectthatgetsthepublicinvolvedinrealcutting-edgeastronomicalresearch.Now,it’sacommunityof17,000volunteersfrom140countries.Duringthisyear’smeteorshower,I’llbepresentingmyresearchattheInternationalAstronomicalUnionconference.(我创建了一个名为‘暗能量探索者’的项目，这个项目让公众参与真正的尖端天文学研究。现在，它是一个由来自140个国家的17000名志愿者组成的社区。在今年的流星雨期间，我将在国际天文学联合会会议上展示我的研究成果。)”可知，作者创建了一个天文研究项目，让公众参与真正的尖端天文学研究，并将在国际天文学联合会会议上展示研究成果，这说明作者取得了成功。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Thenanothereventhelpedmemakeadecision:asolareclipse(日食)...IknewwhatIhadtodo.Igaveupmedicinetopursuepreviouslyunimaginedoptions.(然后，另一件事帮助我做出了决定：日食。……我知道我该怎么做。我放弃了医学，去追求以前无法想象的选择。)”以及最后一段中“IcreatedaprojectcalledDarkEnergyExplorers,aprojectthatgetsthepublicinvolvedinrealcutting-edgeastronomicalresearch.Now,it’sacommunityof17,000volunteersfrom140countries.Duringthisyear’smeteorshower,I’llbepresentingmyresearchattheInternationalAstronomicalUnionconference.(我创建了一个名为‘暗能量探索者’的项目，这个项目让公众参与到真正尖端的天文学研究中来。现在，它是一个由来自140个国家的17000名志愿者组成的社区。在今年的流星雨期间，我将在国际天文学联合会会议上展示我的研究。)”可知，文章讲述了作者在看流星雨时开始质疑自己的人生道路，随后观测日食的经历让她决定放弃医学，追求天文学梦想，并创建了一个成功的天文研究项目；由此可知，文章传达的信息是我们应该有勇气追求自己的梦想。故选D。CItisacommonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(轧棉机)toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.South.Suchfamiliarexamplesfoolusintoassumingthatothermajorinventionswerealsoresponsestoperceivedneeds.Infact,mostinventionsweredevelopedbypeopledrivenbycuriosityorbyaloveoftinkering(捣鼓).Onceadevicehadbeeninvented,theinventorthenhadtofindanapplicationforit.Onlyafterithadbeeninuseforaconsiderabletimedidconsumerscometofeelthatthey“needed”it.Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.Agoodexampleisthehistoryofthemotorvehiclewhichwasnotinventedinresponsetoanydemand.WhenNikolausOttobuilthisfirstgasenginein1866,itwasweak,heavy,andsevenfeettall.Thirtyyearslater,hebuiltthefirsttruck.Butitwasatimewhenhorsewagonsandsteam-poweredrailroadsdominatedtransportation.PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthattheyreallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorse-drawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.Inventorsoftenhavetoinsistontheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto’sseven-foot-tallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwaterfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)drivingtrainsandboats.8.WhyisEliWhitneymentionedbythewriterinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Todenyastatement.C.Toclarifyadoubt. D.Toillustrateaview.9.Whatledtothewideuseofmotorvehiclesaccordingtothetext?A.Theimprovementofengineperformance. B.TheendofWorldWarI.C.Theneedofthemilitaryduringwartime. D.Thedeclineofhorse-drawnwagons.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”refertointhelastparagraph?A.Absenceofpublicdemand. B.Badperformanceofearlymodels.C.Alackoftimeandexpense. D.Awfullooksofpreviousinventions.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SocialNeed:theInnerDriveforInventionB.GreatInvention:theForceofSociety’sProgressC.BeyondNecessity:theCuriousPursuitofInventionD.GeneralApplication:theFinalPurposeofInvention【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itisacommonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(轧棉机)toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.South.(人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年，EliWhitney发明了轧棉机，以取代美国南部种植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以EliWhitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthattheyreallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorse-drawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventorsoftenhavetopersistattheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto’sseven-foot-tallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.(在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理,因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与Otto的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Itisacommonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.(人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”)”以及第二段中“Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.(因此，发明往往是必要性之母,而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwaterfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then

(withmuchgreaterprofit)

propellingtrainsandboats.(即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。C选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求”能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。DThegrowinginteractionbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)isshapinganewwayofthinking,knownasSystem0.Thisnewcognitive(认知的)frameworkexistsoutsidethehumanmindandworksasanexternal“thinkingassistant”.System0worksalongsidethetwoestablishedmodelsofhumanthought:Systeml,whichisfast,intuitive(直觉的),andautomatic,andSystem2,whichisslower,moreanalytical,andreflective.Justasanexternaldriveallowsustostoredatathatarenotpresentonthecomputer,andwecanworkbyconnectingourdrivetoaPCwhereverweare.AI,withitspowerfulprocessinganddata-handlingcapabilities,canrepresentanexternalcircuittothehumanbraincapableofenhancingit.HencetheideaofSystem0,whichisessentiallyaformof“external”thinkingthatreliesonthecapabilitiesofAI.Bymanagingenormousamountsofdata,AIcanprocessinformationandprovidesuggestionsbasedoncomplexalgorithms(算法).However,unlikeintuitiveoranalyticalthinking,System0canperformcalculations,makepredictions,andgenerateresponseswithouttruly“understanding”thecontentofthedataitworkswith.Theintegrationofsystem0intohumancognitionraisessomeconcerns.Oneofthemostpressingonesisthepotentialdamagetoourcriticalthinkingandreasoningabilities.Ifweblindlytrusttheoutputofsystem0withoutquestioningit,werisklosingourabilitytothinkindependently,leadingtoaweakercapacityforinnovationandcreativity.Atthesametime,itisimportanttoacknowledgethepotentialbenefitsofsystem0inincreasingourcognitivecapabilitiesandaddressingcomplexchallengesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofhumanintelligencealone.DespitethepolarizedvisionsonthetopicoftheevolutionofAI,werecommendthatthisrevolutionarysystembetheobjectofadeep,sharedreflectiononhowweplantointegrateitintothefutureofhumanthought.ToensurethatAIremainsatooltoenhance—ratherthandecrease—ourcognitiveautonomy,clearboundariesmustbeestablished.12.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.TostateAI’sinfluenceondailylife. B.Tointroduceanewcognitivemodel.C.Tocomparethreethinkingsystems. D.TodiscussAI’sroleindecision-making.13.WhichcanbestdescribetheessenceofSystem0?A.Adeepmeaningseeker. B.Ananalyticalthinkingpioneer.C.Asmartdecision-maker. D.Anexternalcognitiveenhancer.14.Whatistheauthor’stonecarriedinparagraph4?A.Pushy. B.Indifferent. C.Objective. D.Dismissive.15.Whatwillthefollow-upparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Moraldilemmasinhuman-AIintegration. B.PossiblypromisingprospectsofSystem0.C.TechnicalchallengesinsharpeningSystem0. D.SpecificguidelinesonusingSystem0critically.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的认知模型——系统0，介绍了其本质以及工作原理等情况。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thegrowinginteractionbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)isshapinganewwayofthinking,knownasSystem0.Thisnewcognitive(认知的)frameworkexistsoutsidethehumanmindandworksasanexternal“thinkingassistant”.System0worksalongsidethetwoestablishedmodelsofhumanthought:Systeml,whichisfast,intuitive(直觉的),andautomatic,andSystem2,whichisslower,moreanalytical,andreflective.(人类与人工智能（AI）之间日益增长的互动正在形成一种新的思维方式，即系统0。这个新的认知框架存在于人类思维之外，作为一个外部的“思维助手”。系统0与两种已建立的人类思维模式一起工作：快速、直觉和自动的系统1，以及较慢、更善于分析和反思的系统2)”可知，第1段的目的是介绍一种新的认知模型——系统0。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“HencetheideaofSystem0,whichisessentiallyaformof“external”thinkingthatreliesonthecapabilitiesofAI.(因此就有了System0的概念，它本质上是一种依赖于AI能力的“外部”思维形式)”可知，系统0的本质是外部认知增强剂。故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theintegrationofsystem0intohumancognitionraisessomeconcerns.Oneofthemostpressingonesisthepotentialdamagetoourcriticalthinkingandreasoningabilities.Ifweblindlytrusttheoutputofsystem0withoutquestioningit,werisklosingourabilitytothinkindependently,leadingtoaweakercapacityforinnovationandcreativity.Atthesametime,itisimportanttoacknowledgethepotentialbenefitsofsystem0inincreasingourcognitivecapabilitiesandaddressingcomplexchallengesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofhumanintelligencealone.(将系统0整合到人类认知中引起了一些关注。其中最紧迫的是对我们批判性思维和推理能力的潜在损害。如果我们盲目相信系统0的产出而不去质疑它，我们就有可能失去独立思考的能力，从而导致创新和创造能力的削弱。与此同时，重要的是要认识到系统0在提高我们的认知能力和解决可能超出人类智能能力的复杂挑战方面的潜在好处)”可知，作者在第4段提到了盲目相信系统0导致的问题，以及系统0的优点，即作者的语气是客观的。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ToensurethatAIremainsatooltoenhance—ratherthandecrease—ourcognitiveautonomy,clearboundariesmustbeestablished.(为了确保人工智能仍然是增强而不是降低我们认知自主性的工具，必须建立明确的界限)”可知，接下来的段落最有可能讨论严格使用系统0的具体指导方针。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asaleadershipconsultantformanyyears,I’vefoundmanyoftheleadersIworkwithreportfeelingfrustrated(沮丧的)astheyfacethecontinuouschangeanduncertaintyinthegrowingchallengesoftheirroles.____16____Throughouttheircareers,leadersareconditionedtocomeupwiththefinal,correctanswer.Giventhathuman'sbrainsarehardwiredtoseeuncertaintyasariskorthreat,it’sphysiologicallynormaltofeelstresswhenfacedwithunfamiliarsituations.Sadly,intheworldofleadershiptraining,weoftencelebratequalitieslikedecisiveness,innovation,andresilience(抗逆力).____17____Withoutit,eventhemosttalentedleadersstruggletosustaintheirsuccess.Accordingtothepsychologicaldefinition,frustrationtoleranceinvolvesthecapacitytobeardiscomfort,regulateemotionalresponses,andmaintainaforwardmindsetinthefaceofchallenges.____18____Itnotonlyallowsleaderstostandthediscomfortofbuildingsomethingmeaningfulwithoutgivingupbutalsohelpsthemstaygroundedandpurposeful,evenwhenimmediateresultsaren’twhattheyhopedfor.____19____Leaderscantraintheirfrustrationtolerancebypursuinggoalsoutsideofleadershipthatdon’tofferinstantrewards.Trygoingtothegymteachingdiscipline,patience,andthevalueofgradualprogress.Theseexperiencesbuildresilienceandreinforcefrustrationtoleranceasatransferableskill.____20____Leadershipandentrepreneurshiparemarathons,notsprints(冲刺).Honoringyourenergyensuresyou’rebetterequippedtohandlefrustrationandmaintainthestaminaneededforlong-termsuccess.A.Theyquittheirjobsoutoftheblue.B.Understandably,it’seasyforthemtofeelthisway.C.Inleadership,itistheunsungherooflong-termsuccess.D.Onevitalskill—frustrationtolerance—isoftenoverlooked.E.Leadershipcan’tbedefinedbyaone-size-fits-allapproach.F.Developingfrustrationtoleranceisn’teasy,butit’spossible.G.Also,remembertoprioritizerestandcreatespacetorecharge.【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.F20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕领导者在面对角色挑战中的变化和不确定性时产生的沮丧情绪展开，提出挫折容忍力这一常被忽视的重要技能，并论述其对领导者长期成功的关键作用，还阐述了培养挫折容忍力的方法。【16题详析】由上文“Asaleadershipconsultantformanyyears,I’vefoundmanyoftheleadersIworkwithreportfeelingfrustrated(沮丧的)astheyfacethecontinuouschangeanduncertaintyinthegrowingchallengesoftheirroles.(作为一名多年的领导力顾问，我发现与我共事的许多领导者在面对角色不断增加的挑战中的持续变化和不确定性时，都感到沮丧)”可知，领导者们有沮丧的感受这一现象被提出来，空格处需要对这种感受进行合理的说明或承接。而B项“可以理解，他们很容易有这种感觉”符合语境，是对上文领导者感受的一种合理回应，有承接上文的作用。故选B项。【17题详析】由上文“Sadly,intheworldofleadershiptraining,weoftencelebratequalitieslikedecisiveness,innovation,andresilience(抗逆力).(遗憾的是，在领导力培训领域，我们往往推崇果断、创新和抗逆力等品质)”可知，这里提到了领导力培训中常被推崇的品质，空格处应该与这些品质相关且有转折或补充的意思。而D项“一项重要的技能——挫折容忍力——往往被忽视。”符合语境，与上文形成对比，指出了在推崇一些品质的同时，挫折容忍力这项重要技能被忽视了，有转折和补充说明的作用。故选D项。【18题详析】由上文“Accordingtothepsychologicaldefinition,frustrationtoleranceinvolvesthecapacitytobeardiscomfort,regulateemotionalresponses,andmaintainaforwardmindsetinthefaceofchallenges.(根据心理学定义，挫折容忍力包括在面对挑战时承受不适、调节情绪反应和保持积极心态的能力)”可知，这里对挫折容忍力的定义进行了阐述，空格处要进一步说明挫折容忍力在领导力中的作用等。而C项“在领导力方面，它是长期成功的无名英雄。”符合语境，选项中it指代挫折容忍力，对上文提到的挫折容忍力进行了进一步的肯定和强调，说明了其在领导力中对长期成功的重要性，有承接和升华上文的作用。故选C项。【19题详析】由下文“Leaderscantraintheirfrustrationtolerancebypursuinggoalsoutsideofleadershipthatdon’tofferinstantrewards.(领导者可以通过追求领导力之外不能立即带来回报的目标来培养自己的挫折容忍力)”可知，这里讲述了领导者培养挫折容忍力的方法，空格处应该是引出培养挫折容忍力相关内容的句子。而F项“培养挫折容忍力并不容易，但并非不可能。”符合语境，先表明培养挫折容忍力有难度但可行，引出了下文关于培养方法的内容，有启下的作用。故选F项。【20题详析】由上文“Theseexperiencesbuildresilienceandreinforcefrustrationtoleranceasatransferableskill.(这些经历能增强韧性，并将挫折容忍力强化为一种可迁移的技能)”可知，这里提到了经历对增强韧性和挫折容忍力的作用，空格处应该与如何进一步提升或保持这种能力等相关。而G项“此外，要记住优先安排休息，为恢复精力留出空间。”符合语境，选项中recharge与下文“Honoringyourenergyensuresyou’rebetterequippedtohandlefrustrationandmaintainthestaminaneededforlong-termsuccess.(尊重你的精力可以确保你更好地应对挫折，保持长期成功所需的耐力)”中Honoringyourenergy相呼应，提到要优先休息和充电，承上启下，说明了在通过经历培养能力的同时，也要注意休息恢复精力来更好地应对挫折等。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Maya’sbiggestdreamwastoopenacommunitycenterwherechildrenandadultsalikecouldlearnandgrow.Shepicturedaplacewhereeveryonecould___21___education,arts,andsports,regardlessoftheirbackgroundsorfinancialsituations.However,turningthisdreamintorealitywasnoeasyjob.Mayaworked___22___toraisefundsforthecommunitycenter.Sheorganizedvariouseventstogathersupport.___23___hercontinuousefforts,thefundswereneverenough.Shefacednumerous___24___frompotentialdonorsandencounteredmanydifficulties.Onenight,aterriblestorm___25___overthevillage,causinggreatdamage.PeoplethoughtMayawouldabandonherdream.However,shemaintainedherunbrokenspirit.Maya___26___thelocalgovernmentforsupport.She___27___hervisionwithpassionandpersuasion,highlightingthecommunitycenter’sbenefitstothevillage.Herefforts___28___:thelocalauthoritiesweremovedbyher___29___andagreedtohelpfundtheproject.Withrenewedhopeandthevillage’ssupport,constructionofthecommunitycenterbegan.Mayaworkedalongsidethebuilders,___30___herheartintoeverybrickandbeam(横梁).Thecentersymbolizedhopeandthepowerofa___31___community.Yearslater,thecommunitycenterstoodproudlyintheheartofthevillage,alivewith___32___.Childrenlaughedastheyplayedsports,adultsattended___33___tolearnnewskills,andartistsfoundaplacetocreateandinspire.Mays’sdreamhadbecomeareality,allthankstoher___34___spiritandefforts.Reflectingonherjourney,Mayarealizedthateverychallengeshehadfacedstrengthenedher___35___andbroughtherclosertoherdream.21.A.promote B.master C.access D.evaluate22.A.carelessly B.effortlessly C.aimlessly D.tirelessly23.A.Despite B.With C.Besides D.Like24.A.encouragements B.rejections(拒绝) C.criticisms D.surprises25.A.hung B.skipped C.swept D.climbed26.A.approached B.admired C.praised D.searched27.A.presented B.pursued C.postponed D.possessed28.A.setoff B.paidoff C.kickedoff D.tookoff29.A.promise B.imagination C.commitment D.situation30.A.breaking B.pouring C.tricking D.hiding31.A.buy B.diverse C.competitive D.united32.A.independence B.confidence C.inspiration D.activity33.A.ceremonies B.workshops C.parties D.universities34.A.unbreakable B.unforgettable C.unpredictable D.unbearable35.A.cooperation B.bond C.resolve D.position【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.A28.B29.C30.B31.D32.D33.B34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Maya梦想开一个社区中心，让孩子和成年人都能学习和成长以及她实现梦想的曲折过程。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她描绘了一个每个人都可以接受教育、艺术和体育的地方，无论他们的背景或经济状况如何。A.promote促进；B.master掌握；C.access接近，到达；D.evaluate评估。根据上文“acommunitycenterwherechildrenandadultsalikecouldlearnandgrow”可知，此处指每个人都可以接触到教育、艺术和体育的地方，故选C。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Maya不知疲倦地为社区中心筹集资金。A.carelessly粗心地；B.effortlessly毫不费力地；C.aimlessly漫无目的地；D.tirelessly不知疲倦地。根据下文“Sheorganizedvariouseventstogathersupport.(她组织了各种活动来争取支持。)”可知，Maya不知疲倦地为社区中心筹集资金，故选D。【23题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：句意：尽管她不断努力，但资金始终不够用。A.Despite尽管；B.With具有；C.Besides除……之外（还）；D.Like像。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，使用介词Despite，故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：她多次遭到潜在捐赠者的拒绝，遇到了许多困难。A.encouragements鼓励；B.rejections拒绝；C.criticisms批评；D.surprises惊讶。根据“encounteredmanydifficulties”可知，她遇到很多困难，推知应是遭到潜在捐赠者的拒绝。故选B。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了村庄，造成了巨大的破坏。A.hung悬挂；B.skipped跳过；C.swept席卷，横扫；D.climbed爬。结合主语“aterriblestorm”可知，此处使用动词swept，指（风、雨、雪、火等）猛烈吹过，掠过，席卷，故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Maya和当地政府接洽寻求支持。A.approached接近，接洽，要求；B.admired钦佩；C.praised赞扬；D.searched搜寻。根据下文“thelocalauthoritiesweremovedbyher_______andagreedtohelpfundtheproject.”可知，政府最终被她感动，故此处指她和政府接洽寻求支持，approachsbforsth“就某事与某人接洽”，故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她带着激情和说服力介绍了她的愿景，强调了社区中心给村庄带来的好处。A.presented提出，介绍；B.pursued追求；C.postponed推迟；D.possessed拥有。根据“highlightingthecommunitycenter’sbenefitstothevillage”提到她强调社区中心给村庄带来的好处，故此处指她介绍自己的愿景，故选A。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：句意：她的努力取得了成功：当地政府被她的奉献所感动，同意资助这个项目。A.setoff动身；B.paidoff取得成功；C.kickedoff开始；D.tookoff脱掉，起飞。根据“agreedtohelpfundtheproject”可知，她的努力取得了成功，故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.promise承诺；B.imagination想象力；C.commitment奉献，投入；D.situation情况。结合上文“Shefacednumerous________frompotentialdonorsandencounteredmanydifficulties.”可知虽然遇到很多困难，但是依然不放弃，