印度理工升学题库及答案

印度理工升学题库及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessofconvertinganalogsignalsintodigitalsignalsisknownas:a)Amplificationb)Modulationc)Digitizationd)SamplingAnswer:c)Digitization2.Whichofthefollowingisanon-volatilememory?a)RAMb)ROMc)Cached)RegisterAnswer:b)ROM3.Theprimarypurposeofafirewallinnetworksecurityisto:a)Increasenetworkspeedb)Monitornetworktrafficc)Storenetworkdatad)EncryptnetworkdataAnswer:b)Monitornetworktraffic4.IntheOSImodel,whichlayerisresponsiblefordataencryptionanddecryption?a)Physicallayerb)DataLinklayerc)Networklayerd)PresentationlayerAnswer:d)Presentationlayer5.Theprocessofdividingalargenetworkintosmaller,manageablesub-networksisknownas:a)Networksegmentationb)Networkbridgingc)Networkbroadcastingd)NetworktunnelingAnswer:a)Networksegmentation6.Whichofthefollowingisahigh-levelprogramminglanguage?a)Assemblylanguageb)Machinelanguagec)Pythond)BinarycodeAnswer:c)Python7.Themainadvantageofusingarelationaldatabaseis:a)Highspeedb)Dataintegrityc)Lowcostd)EasytouseAnswer:b)Dataintegrity8.Theprocessofsendingdatafromonedevicetoanotheroveranetworkisknownas:a)Datatransmissionb)Datastoragec)Dataprocessingd)DataretrievalAnswer:a)Datatransmission9.Incomputerarchitecture,theterm"bus"refersto:a)Atypeofcableb)Acommunicationpathwayc)Astoragedeviced)AprocessingunitAnswer:b)Acommunicationpathway10.Theconceptof"garbagecollection"inprogrammingrefersto:a)Deletingunnecessaryfilesb)Automaticallyreclaimingmemoryc)Sortingdatad)DebuggingcodeAnswer:b)Automaticallyreclaimingmemory二、多项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofacomputersystem?a)CPUb)Monitorc)Keyboardd)PrinterAnswer:a),b),c)2.Thefollowingareexamplesofnetworkprotocols:a)TCPb)UDPc)HTTPd)FTPAnswer:a),b),c),d)3.Thefollowingaretypesofstoragedevices:a)HDDb)SSDc)USBdrived)RAMAnswer:a),b),c)4.ThefollowingarelayersintheOSImodel:a)Physicallayerb)DataLinklayerc)Networklayerd)ApplicationlayerAnswer:a),b),c),d)5.Thefollowingarehigh-levelprogramminglanguages:a)Javab)C++c)Rubyd)AssemblyAnswer:a),b),c)6.Thefollowingaredatabasemanagementsystems:a)MySQLb)Oraclec)SQLServerd)MongoDBAnswer:a),b),c),d)7.Thefollowingarefunctionsofafirewall:a)Blockingunauthorizedaccessb)Monitoringnetworktrafficc)Encryptingdatad)LoggingnetworkactivitiesAnswer:a),b),d)8.Thefollowingaretypesofoperatingsystems:a)Windowsb)macOSc)Linuxd)AndroidAnswer:a),b),c),d)9.Thefollowingarecomponentsofarelationaldatabase:a)Tablesb)Queriesc)Relationshipsd)IndexesAnswer:a),b),c),d)10.Thefollowingareconceptsindatastructures:a)Arraysb)Linkedlistsc)Treesd)GraphsAnswer:a),b),c),d)三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebarethesamething.Answer:False2.Afirewallcanprotectanetworkfromviruses.Answer:False3.RAMisatypeofnon-volatilememory.Answer:False4.TheOSImodelhassevenlayers.Answer:False5.Pythonisacompiledlanguage.Answer:False6.Adatabaseisacollectionofrelateddata.Answer:True7.TheHTTPprotocolisusedforemailtransmission.Answer:False8.Abusincomputerarchitectureisusedfordatatransmission.Answer:True9.Garbagecollectionisaprocessofautomaticallyreclaimingmemory.Answer:True10.Dataencryptionistheprocessofconvertingdataintoasecureformat.Answer:True四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenanaloganddigitalsignals.Answer:Analogsignalsarecontinuoussignalsthatcantakeonanyvaluewithinarange,whiledigitalsignalsarediscretesignalsthatcanonlytakeonspecificvalues.Analogsignalsareoftenusedfortransmittingreal-worldphenomenalikesoundandtemperature,whiledigitalsignalsareusedindigitalelectronicsandcomputingfortheirreliabilityandeaseofprocessing.2.Whatisthepurposeofafirewallinnetworksecurity?Answer:Thepurposeofafirewallinnetworksecurityistomonitorandcontrolincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpredeterminedsecurityrules.Itactsasabarrierbetweenatrustedinternalnetworkandanuntrustedexternalnetwork,suchastheInternet,topreventunauthorizedaccessandprotectthenetworkfromthreats.3.DescribethedifferencebetweenRAMandROM.Answer:RAM(RandomAccessMemory)isatypeofvolatilememorythatisusedfortemporarystorageofdatathattheCPUneedstoaccessquickly.Itrequirespowertomaintainthestoredinformation,andthedataislostwhenthepoweristurnedoff.ROM(Read-OnlyMemory)isatypeofnon-volatilememorythatisusedtostorefirmwareorsoftwarethatneedstobepermanentlystoredevenwhenthepowerisoff.ROMisgenerallyread-only,althoughsometypesofROMcanbewrittentoaswell.4.WhatarethelayersintheOSImodelandwhatisthefunctionofeachlayer?Answer:TheOSI(OpenSystemsInterconnection)modelhassevenlayers,eachwithaspecificfunction:1.Physicallayer:Dealswiththephysicalconnectionbetweendevicesandthetransmissionofrawbitstreamsoveraphysicalmedium.2.DataLinklayer:Providesnode-to-nodedatatransfer,handleserrordetectionandcorrectionfromthephysicallayer.3.Networklayer:Managespacketroutingthroughmultiplenetworks,handleslogicaladdressingandtrafficcontrol.4.Transportlayer:Providesend-to-endcommunication,handlesdatasegmentation,flowcontrol,anderrorrecovery.5.Sessionlayer:Establishes,manages,andterminatesconnectionsbetweenapplications.6.Presentationlayer:Translatesdatabetweentheapplicationlayerandthenetworkformat,handlesencryptionandcompression.7.Applicationlayer:Providesnetworkservicesdirectlytoend-users,suchasemail,filetransfer,andwebbrowsing.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofdataintegrityindatabasemanagement.Answer:Dataintegrityiscrucialindatabasemanagementasitensuresthatthedatastoredinthedatabaseisaccurate,consistent,andreliable.Maintainingdataintegritypreventserrorsandinconsistenciesthatcanarisefromincorrectorincompletedata,whichcanleadtopoordecision-makingandoperationalinefficiencies.Techniquessuchasconstraints,validationrules,andtransactionsareusedtoensuredataintegrity,therebymaintainingtheoverallqualityandtrustworthinessofthedatabase.2.Explainhowafirewallcanenhancenetworksecurity.Answer:Afirewallenhancesnetworksecuritybyactingasabarrierbetweenatrustedinternalnetworkandanuntrustedexternalnetwork,suchastheInternet.Itmonitorsandcontrolsincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpredeterminedsecurityrules,allowingonlyauthorizedandsafetraffictopassthroughwhileblockingunauthorizedaccessandpotentialthreats.FirewallscanbeconfiguredtofiltertrafficbasedonIPaddresses,ports,protocols,andothercriteria,providingarobustdefenseagainstvarioustypesofcyberattacks,includingmalware,intrusionattempts,andunauthorizedaccess.3.Discusstheroleofhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesinmoderncomputing.Answer:High-levelprogramminglanguagesplayasignificantroleinmoderncomputingbyprovidingamoreuser-friendlyandabstractwaytowritecodethatiseasiertounderstandandmaintaincomparedtolow-levellanguageslikemachinecodeorassembly.Theyofferfeaturessuchasvariables,functions,andlibrariesthatsimplifycomplextasksandallowdeveloperstofocusonsolvingproblemsratherthandealingwiththeintricaciesoftheunderlyinghardware.High-levellanguagesalsoprovideportability,makingiteasiertowritecodethatcanrunondifferentplatformswithoutmodification.Examplesofhigh-levellanguagesincludePython,Java,andC