2017年医学博士外语真题试卷二

2017年医学博士外语真题试卷二（精选）1.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________2.Tennessee'spopulationisnearlytwo-fifthsrural,andnosinglecityorgroupofcities______thestate.

A.dominates

√

B.manages

C.manipulates

D.controls解析：田纳西州的人口几乎五分之二为农村人口，没有任何一个城市或城市群体在州内占统治地位。dominate占优势；manage管理；manipulate操作，操纵；control控制，支配，管理。根据题意可知dominate符合题意。故答案为A。3.Howisitpossiblethatsuch_____deceptionhascometotakeplacerightunderournoses?

A.obvious

B.significant

C.necessary

D.widespread

√解析：我们怎么可能让欺骗在我们眼皮子底下猖獗呢?obvious“显而易见的”，significant“明显的，重要的”，necessary“必需的”，widespread“蔓延的，宽泛的”，根据题意，widespread是正确答案，obvious和significant是近义词，一个正确则两者都正确，因此不能做选。4.NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom_____onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

√解析：句意：现在，一篇科技论文认为岩石里的有机化学物质大部分来自地球污染而不是来自火星的细菌。configuration“构造，结构”，constitution“宪法，宪章”，condemnation“谴责”，contamination“污染”。5.Nothingissouncertainasthefashionmarketwhereonestyle______overanotherbeforebeingreplaced.

A.dominates

B.manipulates

C.overwhelms

D.prevails

√解析：dominate控制，支配，统治；manipulate熟练控制；overwhelm覆盖，淹没；prevail盛行，流行。根据题意可知这里指一种款式比另一种款式流行。故答案为D。6.DanishresearchshowsthattheincreaseinobesepeopleinDenmarkisroughly_____totheincreaseofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.

A.equivalent

√

B.temporary

C.permanent

D.relevant解析：丹麦的研究表明，丹麦肥胖人数的增加大致相当于大气中二氧化碳的增加。equivalentto“相当于，等同于”，temporary“暂时的”，permanent“永恒的”，relevant“相关的”。根据题意，本题正确答案为A。7.Tedwasfelledbyamassivestrokethataffectedhisbalanceandlefthimbarelyabletospeak_____.

A.bluntly

B.intelligibly

√

C.reluctantly

D.ironically解析：泰德得了一次严重的中风，平衡受到影响，连话都难以说清楚了。bluntly“迟钝地”，intelligibly“清晰地”，reluctantly“不情愿地”，ironically“讽刺地”。根据题意，正确答案为B。8.Inatechnology-intensiveenterprise,computers______allprocessesoftheproductionandmanagement.

A.dominate

√

B.overwhelm

C.substitute

D.imitate解析：在技术密集型企业中，计算机控制着生产和管理的所有过程。dominate“主导，控制”，overwhelm“压倒，淹没”，substitute“代替”，imitate“模仿”。根据题意，正确答案为A。9.Rheumatologistadvisesthatthosewithongoingachesandpainsfirstseekmedicalhelpto______theproblem.

A.affiliate

B.alleviate

√

C.aggravate

D.accelerate解析：风湿病学家建议，那些持续疼痛和痛苦的人首先应该借助医疗来缓解问题。affiliate“接纳，为……工作”，alleviate“减少，减缓”，aggravate“增加”，accelerate“加速”。根据题意，正确答案为B。10.Wearemuchquickertorespond,andwerespondfartooquicklybygiving_____toouranger.

A.vent

√

B.impulse

C.temper

D.offence解析：我们更快地做出回应，而基于愤怒的回应则更是不假思索。vent“发泄”，impulse“脉搏”，temper“脾性”，offence“防卫”。根据题意，正确答案为A。11.Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen_____,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

A.spontaneously

√

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously解析：虽然大多数梦表面上看是自发产生的，但梦实际上也可能受到外部影响的激发。although表示转折意义，空格处所填单词和external形成对比。后半句强调梦受到“外部影响”，暗示了空格处的单词应该是表示“不受外部影响，是自发产生的”，所以A项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”是正确答案；B项simultaneously“同时地”；C项homogeneously“同样地”；D项instantaneously“即刻地”。12.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________13.Thenastrongcurrentofelectronsfollowsthatpathfromthecloudtotheground,anditisthatcurrentthatlightsthechannelasthelightningwesee.

A.opens

B.completes

C.illuminates

√

D.electrifies解析：然后，一个强大的电子流从云到地面，其所照亮的那条通道就是我们看到的闪电。illuminate“照亮”，与light同义，因此本题答案为C。14.Hehasbeenonhormonealternatetherapyforfouryearsandlooksfantastic.

A.successor

B.replacement

√

C.surrogate

D.choice解析：她接受激素替代疗法已经4年了，看起来容光焕发。alternate意思是“替换，代替”，与replacement含义最相近。15.Ithadover2,000apartmentcomplexes,agreatmarket,alargenumberofindustrialworkshops,anadministrativecenter,anumberofmassivereligiousedifices,andaregulargridpatternofstreetsandbuildings.

A.ancient

B.carefully

C.verylarge

√

D.carefullyprotected解析：这里有2000多个公寓楼，一个大型超市，很多工厂，一个行政中心，一些大型的宗教性建筑，一个错落有致的街道和建筑网络。massive的意思是“大型的”，与C选项是同义替换。16.Whenpatientsspendextendedperiodsinhospital,theytendtobecomeoverlydependentandloseinterestintakingcareofthemselves.

A.extremely

√

B.exclusively

C.exactly

D.explicitly解析：如果患者在医院住院时间很长，就往往会形成过度依赖，不再愿意自理。划线单词overly的意思是“过度地，极端地”。extremely“极端地”，exclusively“仅仅”，exactly“精确地”，explicitly“清楚地”。本题正确答案为A。17.Attemptstorestrictparkinginthecitycentrehavefurtheraggravatedtheproblemoftrafficcongestion.

A.ameliorated

B.aggregated

C.deteriorated

√

D.duplicated解析：限制市中心的停车场的尝试进一步加剧了交通堵塞问题。划线单词aggravate“使恶化”。ameliorate“改善”，aggregate“合计”，deteriorate“恶化”，duplicate“复制”。故正确答案为C。18.Theanxiousparentwasvigilantovertheinjuredchildinspiteofafullarrayofemergencyroomofdoctorsandnurses.

A.preoccupied

B.unwary

C.watchful

√

D.dozing解析：尽管急诊室里都是医生和护士，但是这对焦急的父母依然十分关注受伤的孩子。vigilant“警惕的，关注的”。preoccupied“全神贯注的”，unwary“粗心的”，watchful“关心的”，dozing“打盹的”，C选项与划线单词含义相近。19.Itwasreportedthatbacteriacontaminatedupto80%ofdomesticretailrawchickenintheUnitedStates.

A.inflamed

B.inflicted

C.infected

√

D.infiltrated解析：据报道，细菌污染了美国国内80％的零售生鸡。划线单词contaminate“污染”。inflame“发炎”，inflict“痛苦”，infect“传染，感染”，infiltrate“浸润”。本题正确答案为C。20.ResearchersrecentlyranthenumbersongunviolenceintheUnitedStatesandreportedthatright-to-carry-gunlawsdonotinhibitviolentcrime.

A.curb

√

B.induce

C.lessen

D.impel解析：研究人员最近发布了美国枪支暴力数据，并认为合法持枪的规定并不能扼止暴力犯罪。划线单词inhibit“抑制，遏制”。curb“控制”，induce“诱导”，lessen“减少”，impel“促使”。curb与inhibit含义最相近，因策最佳答案为A。21.Regardlessofouruneasinessaboutstereotypes,numerousstudieshaveshowncleardifferencebetweenChineseandwesternparenting.

A.specifications

B.sensations

C.conventions

√

D.conservations解析：无论我们对固定印象如何不安，许多研究仍然显示中西教育的差异明显。划线单词stereotype“定型，陈规旧习”。specification“尺寸，规格”，sensation“感觉，感情”，convention“传统，规约”，conservation“保护，保守”。根据题意，这里强调的是“长久以来形成的固定看法”，与convention的含义最相近，因此最佳答案为C。22.Thedoctorvacillatedsofrequentlyondisease-preventiontechniquesthathiscolleaguesaccusedhimofinconsistency.

A.wavered

√

B.instigated

C.experimented

D.relied解析：这个医生在疾病预防技术上如此摇摆不定，以至于他的同事都指责他变化无常。vacillate“摇摆，犹豫”，A选项waver与其同义。instigate“教唆，煽动”，experiment“实验”，rely“依赖”。三、PartⅢClozeItwasthekindofresearchthatgaveinsightintohowflustrainscouldmutatesoquickly.（Onetheorybehindthe1918version'ssuddendemiseafterwreakingsomuchdevastationwasthatitmutatedtoanonlethalform.）Thesamebranchofresearchconcludedin2005thatthe1918flustartedinbirdsbeforepassingtohumans.Parsingthisanimal-human【C1】______couldprovidecluesto【C2】______thenextpotentialsuperflu,whichalreadyhasaname:H5N1,alsoknownasavianfluorbirdflu.Thispotentialkilleralsohasanumber:59percent.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,nearlythree-fifthsofthepeoplewho【C3】______H5N1since2003diedfromthevirus,whichwasfirstreported【C4】______humansinHongKongin1997beforeamoreserious【C5】______occurredinSoutheastAsiabetween2003and2004.（IthassincespreadtoAfricaandEurope.）SomeresearchersarguethatthosemortalitynumbersareexaggeratedbecauseWHOonly【C6】______casesinwhichvictimsaresickenoughtogotothehospitalfortreatment【C7】______.comparethattotheworldwidemortalityrateofthe1918pandemic;itmayhavekilledroughly50millionpeople,butthatwasonly10percentofthenumberofpeopleinfected,accordingtoa2006estimate.H5N1'ssavinggrace—andtheonlyreasonwe'renotrunningaroundmaskedupinpublicrightnow—isthatthestraindoesn'tjumpfrombirdstohumans,orfromhumanstohumans,easily.Therehavebeenjustover600cases（and359deaths）since2003.But【C8】______itslethality,andthechanceitcouldturnintosomethingfarmoretransmissible,onemightexpectH5N1researchtobeexploding,withlabs【C9】______thevirus'smolecularcomponentstounderstandhowitspreadsbetweenanimalsand【C10】______tohumans,andhopingtodiscoveravaccinethatcouldheadoffapandemic.（1）.【C1】

A.interact

B.interface

√

C.connection

D.contamination解析：本题考查上下文语义和名词含义。interact“互动”，interface“结合，交界”，connection“连接”，contamination“接触，传染”。空白处前一句话讲到这种流感在鸟类中出现了很多起，才开始向人类传播。因此parsing鸟类和人类的交叉感染是符合上下文语义走向的。（2）.【C2】

A.stopping

√

B.stopped

C.havestopped

D.stop解析：本题考查固定搭配。acluetodoingsth．的结构中，to为介词，后面常常跟名词或者动名词形式，意思是“做……的线索”。（3）.【C3】

A.contacted

B.contracted

√

C.concentrated

D.infected解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。Contact是“接触”但未必感染，contract是“感染”，根据文章上下文含义，正确答案为contract。（4）.【C4】

A.on

B.in

√

C.of

D.with解析：本题考查介词。“在某个方面”介词常常用“in”。on表示“以……为主题”。（5）.【C5】

A.breakout

B.takeplace

C.happen

D.outbreak

√解析：本题考查语义。takeplace“发生”，happen“出现，发生”，outbreak“爆发”，根据语义，D为正确选项。（6）.【C6】

A.accounts

B.numbers

C.counts

√

D.takes解析：本题考查语义和动词含义。做动词讲时，account“把……视作”，number“标号”，count“把……算入”，take“拿，取”。根据句意：有些研究者认为这些死亡数据有些夸大，因为WHO只会将严重到需要去医院就诊的病例算入在内。count是最贴切的选项。（7）.【C7】

A.Moreover

B.Still

√

C.Furthermore

D.Thereafter解析：本题考查逻辑关系。moreover表示递进，still有让步的含义，意思是“尽管如此，仍然……”，thereby表示因果，furthermore表示递进。该题上一句讲到有些研究者认为这些死亡数据有些夸大，因为WHO只会将严重到需要去医院就诊的病例算入在内。空格后则强调该数字仍然是惊人的。因此这里选择有让步含义的副词still。（8）.【C8】

A.given

√

B.giving

C.togive

D.speakingof解析：本题考查逻辑关系。这里需要原因和条件，只有given有此功能，意思是“鉴于，因为”。这里是连词。speakingof的意思是“谈到，谈起”。（9）.【C9】

A.parsing

√

B.parsed

C.toparse

D.havingparsed解析：本题考查with引导的介宾短语充当状语。withsthdoingsth．，意思是“同时，实验室要探究病毒的分子构成”。（10）.【C10】

A.presently

B.potentially

√

C.potently

D.importantly解析：本题考查句子含义和副词。这里表示可能对人类的传染，只有potentially表示“可能，潜在地”。presently“现在，当下”，potently“有力地”，importantly“重要地”。四、PartⅣReadingComprehensionPlanesmayaccountforonly2percentoftheworld'scarbonemissions,butitisafiguredestinedtorise.Theaviationindustryisexpandingatadramaticrate,around5percentayear.TwiceasmanypassengersarelikelytobepassingthroughBritishairportsin2020comparedwithtoday,andthreetimesby2030.Asthedevelopedworldacknowledgesclimatechangewarnings,thecarbonemissionsfromotherindustrieswillfall.Theaviationindustry'soutputwillthereforeaccountforanevenlargerpercentageofemissions.Onecalculation,bytheClimateChangeResearch（CCR）,suggeststheU.K.aviationindustrycouldendupaccountingforeverygramofourcarbonquotaby2040.Suchcalculationssupposeaircraftdesignerscannotcleanuptheiract,asuggestionfirmlyrejectedbyexpertswhopointtoamassiveresearchprogramaimedatcuttingfuelusebyplanesbyaround50percentby2020,amovethatwouldalsohalvetheircarbonemissions.Toreachthataim,akeyfactorwillbelightweightcomposites,materialsmadeofseveralcomponents,includingcarbonfibres.TheseareasstrongandflexibleasmetalbutaslightasplastiC.PlanessuchastheAirbusA340arealreadymadeofmaterialthatis10percentcarboncomposite.Thiscutsweight,decreasesfueluseandreducescarbonemission.Thenextgenerationofaircrafts,willmakeevenmoreuseofcomposites:atremendoussavinginweight,fuelandcarbon.Thenthereisthesimplematterofairtrafficcontrol.Atpresent,individualcountrieshavetheirownroutesforaircraftcrossingtheirairspaces."Essentiallyaircrafttravelondog-legsacrossEurope,andthatisveryinefficientintermsoffueluse,"saidDr.JohnGreen,oftheRoyalAeronauticalSociety."Weneedtorationalizeairtrafficcontrolsothatplanesflyinstraight,energy-efficientlines,anideathatisnowbeingdiscussedintheEU."Finally,thereisaviationfuel.Makingitecologicallyfriendlyposesthegreatestchallengesofall.Biofuelscanbeusedaspetrolanddieselsubstitutesforcarsandlorries,butnotinplanes."Biofuelisessentiallyalcohol,andthatburnsatthewrongtemperatureforaircraftengines,"saysGreen."Wecanusecoaltomakekerosene,whichwecouldburninaircraftengines,butthatdoesnothelptheissueofglobalwarming,ofcourse."Butthisdoesnotstopscientistsfromdreaming.Oneidea,putforwardbytheU.S.geneticistCraigVenterlastweek,wouldbetocreatemicro-organisms,fittedwithartificialchromosomes,whichcouldconvertsunlightintofuelsthatcouldbeburntinaircraft.Thesewouldnotinvolveburningfossilcarbonandwouldbetheperfectgreenfuel.Itisstillafar-offprospectbutrealistic,saybiologists.（1）.ThefactthatpassengerspassingBritishairportswilldoubleoreventripleindicatesthat______.

A.theBritishaviationindustryisgrowingveryrapidly

B.moreandmoreBritishpeopletendtochooseflyingwhentraveling

C.theaviationindustrydevelopsmuchfasterthanotherindustriesindevelopedcountries

D.theaviationindustrywillcausemorepollutantswhencomparedwithotherindustries

√解析：推理题。途径英国的机场的乘客人数将翻番，甚至是原来的三倍，这一事实表明______。题干所提到的数据实例，表面上是描述乘客数量增加，英国航空业会迅速发展，但是根据本文的主题，开篇就提到了cabonemissions的问题。再根据第二段前两句可以判断，实际上是在说明航空业的快速发展会导致更多的碳排放量，其排放量所占比重和其他行业相比也会随之增长。因此本题正确答案为D。（2）.TheexpertsinaviationindustrydisapprovedtheclaimbytheCCRbecause______.

A.thecalculationofaviationindustry'scarbonemissionisbasedonpredictioninsteadoffacts

B.thefigurecalculatedismuchmorethantheexpertsinaviationindustryexpected

C.airlinesarealsomakinggreateffortstoreducetheiroilconsumptionandcarbonemissions

√

D.theexpertsdidn'tagreewiththewayoftheircalculationofthecarbonemissionsbyplanes解析：细节题。航空业的专家们不赞成“气候变化研究”小组的说法，是因为______。根据题干信号词CCR可以快速定位到第二段中关于其对航空业碳排放量的预估。根据第二段的最后一句，该计算没有考虑到飞机设计师以及航个空公司在减少污染上做出的努力，因此遭到了有关专家的强烈反对，因此正确答案为C。（3）.Peopleareusingmorecompositesinmakingaircraftsmainlybecause______.

A.compositesthemselvesareverylight,strongandasflexibleasmetal

B.compositescanreducetheplaneweightleadingtolessfuelconsumptionandcarbonemissions

√

C.compositescancauselesscarbonemissionsintheprocessoflying

D.compositesarelessexpensivethanmetal解析：细节题。人们使用更多的复合材料来制造飞机，主要是因为______。根据体感信号词composite定位到第三段。B符合题意，最根本的原因是为了降低油耗，减少碳排放量。A分选项说的是复合材料的优势，这是表面原因。（4）.Inordertoreducecarbonemissions,airlinescan______.

A.changeairtrafficroutestomakeitstraightandshorterforaflight

√

B.uselightermaterialslikecompositesinbuildingaplane

C.reducethenumberofenginesonaplanetocutweight

D.produceenvironment-friendlyfuels解析：细节题。为了减少碳排放量，航空公司可以______。从第三、四、五段的第一句话可以得知A、B、D为对应的是可以采取的措施，但是落实到航空公司来说，只有A可行。（5）.Accordingtothetext,whatcanwelearnaboutaviationfuels?

A.Biofuelscanbeusedasreplacementforvehiclesaswellasplanes.

B.Neitherbiofuelsnorcoalscanbeusedforplanes.

C.Theideaofgreenfuelistochangesolarenergyintofuels.

√

D.Theideaofgreen-fuel,whichisonlyanillusion,ischallengedanddoubtedbyscientists.解析：细节题。根据本文，关于航空燃料我们可知______。根据题干关键词aviationfuel可定位到第五段。C选项为该段倒数第二句话的转述，是正确答案。ThisissueofSciencecontainsannouncementsformorethan100differentGorgonResearchConferences,ontopicsthatrangefromatomicphysicstodevelopmentalbiology.Thebrainchild（某人的主意）ofNeilGordonofJohnsHopkinsUniversity,theseweek-longmeetingsaredesignedtopromoteintimate,informaldiscussionsoffrontierscience.Oftenconfinedtofewerthan125attendees,theyhavetraditionallybeenheldinremoteplaceswithminimaldistractions.Beginningintheearly1960s,IattendedthesummerNucleicAcidsGordonConferenceinruralNewHampshire,sharingaustere（简朴的）dormfacilitiesinaprivateboy'sschoolwithrandomlyassignedroommates.Asabeginningscientist,Ifoundthequestionperiodaftereachtalkespeciallyfascinating,providingvaluableinsightsintothepersonalitiesandwaysofthinkingofmanyseniorscientistswhomIhadnotencounteredpreviously.Backthen,therewerenocellphonesandnoInternet,andallofthespeakersseemedtostayfortheentireweek.Duringthelong,session-freeafternoons,graduatestudentsmingledfreelywithprofessors.Manylifelongfriendshipswerebegun,and—asGordonintended—newscientificcollaborationsbegan.Leapforwardtotoday,andeveryscientistcangainimmediateaccesstoavaststoreofscientificthoughtandtomillionsofotherscientistsviatheInternet.Why,nevertheless,doin-personscientificmeetingsremainsovaluableforalifeinscience?Partoftheansweristhatscienceworksbestwhenthereisadeepmutualtrustandunderstandingbetweenthecollaborators,whichishardtodevelopfromadistance.Butmostimportantisthecriticalrolethatface-to-facescientificmeetingsplayinstimulatingarandomcollisionofideasandapproaches.Thebestscienceoccurswhensomeonecombinestheknowledgegainedbyotherscientistsinnon-obviouswaystocreateanewunderstandingofhowtheworldworks.Asuccessfulscientistneedstodeeplybelieve,whatevertheproblembeingtackled,thatthereisalwaysabetterwaytoapproachthatproblemthanthepathcurrentlybeingtaken.Thescientististhenconstantlyonthealertfornewpathstotakeinhisorherwork,whichisessentialformakingbreakthroughs.Thus,asmuchaspossible,scientificmeetingsshouldbedesignedtoexposetheattendeestowaysofthinkingandtechniquesthataredifferentfromtheonesthattheyalreadyknow.（1）.AssembledatGordonResearchConferencearethosewho______.

A.arephysicistsandbiologists

B.juststartdoingtheirsciences

C.stayintheforefrontofscience

√

D.areaccomplishedseniorscientists解析：推理题。从首段中designedtopromoteintimate，informaldiscussionsoffrontierscience可知，与会者都是前沿科学的参与人。C为正确答案。（2）.SpeakingofthesummerNucleicAcidsGordonConference,theauthorthinkshighlyof______.

A.thepersonalitiesofseniorscientists

B.thequestionperiodaftereachtalk

√

C.theausterefacilitiesaround

D.theweek-longduration解析：细节题。首段中讲到“Ifoundthequestionperiodaftereachtalkespeciallyfascinating”，他发现提问环节非常棒，因为他可以充分了解未曾谋面的科学家们的思想和个性。因此B为正确答案。（3）.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthorthatthevalueofthein-personscientificconference______.

A.doesnotchangewithtimes

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B.canbeexploredonlineexclusively

C.liesinexchangingtheadvancesinlifescience

D.isquestionedinestablishingavaststoreofideas解析：推理题。从第一段中的最后一句“Why,nevertheless，doin-personscientificmeetingsremainsovaluableforalifeinscience．”可知，无论在过去还是在互联网时代，现场会议的价值是保持不变的。因此正确答案为A。（4）.Theauthorbelievesthattheface-to-facescientificconferencescanhelptheattendeesbetter______.

A.understandwhatmakingabreakthroughmeanstothem

B.exposethemselvestonovelideasandnewapproaches

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C.fosterthepassionfordoingscience

D.tacklethesameprobleminscience解析：细节题。从第二段中“Butmostimportantisthecriticalrolethatface-to-facescientificmeetingsplayinstimulatingarandomcollisionofideasandapproaches．”可知，面对面的科学会议在刺激思想和方法的随机碰撞方面发挥关键作用，B选项是符合文意的。（5）.Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Howtoexplorescientificcollaborations.

B.Howtomakescientificbreakthroughs.

C.Howtodesignscientificmeetings.

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D.Howtothinklikeagenius.解析：推理题。第二段末尾讲到科学会议的设计应该尽最大可能让与会者充分接触与他们已经知道的不同的思维方式和技巧，由此可推断，作者极有可能在第三段讲述如何安排一场好的现场科学会议。故本题正确答案为C。Backin1896,theSwedishscientistSvanteArrheniusrealizedthatbyburningcoalwewereaddingcarbondioxidetotheair,andthatthiswouldwarmtheEarth.Buthementionedtheissueonlyinpassing（顺便地）,forhiscalculationssuggesteditwouldnotbecomeaproblemforthousandsofyears.OthersthoughtthattheoceanswouldsoakupanyextraCO2,sotherewasnothingmuchtoworryabout.Thatthislatterargumenthaspersistedtothisdayinsomequartershighlightsourspecies'propensity（倾向）tounderestimatethescaleofourimpactontheplanet.EventheEarth'svastoceanscannotsuckupCO2asquicklyaswecanproduceit,andwenowknowthestoredCO2isacidifyingtheoceans,aprobleminitself.Nowahandfulofresearchersarewarningthatenergysourceswenormallythinkofasinnocuouscouldaffecttheplanet'sclimatetoo.Ifwestarttoextractimmenseamountsofpowerfromthewind,forinstance,itwillhaveanimpactonhowwarmthandwatermovearoundtheplanet,andthusontemperaturesandrainfall.Justtobeclear,nooneissuggestingweshouldstopbuildingwindfarmsonthebasisofthisrisk.Asidefromthehugeuncertaintiesabouttheclimaticeffectsofextractingpowerfromthewind,ourpresentandnear-termusageisfartootinytomakeanydifference.Forthemoment,anynegativeconsequencesontheclimatearemassivelyoutweighedbytheeffectsofpumpingoutevenmoreCO2.Thatposesbyfarthegreaterenvironmentalthreat;weaningourselvesofffossilfuelsshouldremainthepriority.Evenso,nowitisthetimetostartthinkingaboutthelong-termeffectsofthealternativeenergysourcesweareturningto.Thosewhohavealreadystartedtolookattheseissuesreportweary,indifferentorevenhostilereactionstotheirwork.That'sunderstandable,butdisappointing.Theseeffectsmaybeinconsequential,inwhichcaseallthatwillhavebeenwastedissomeresearchtimethatmaywellyieldinterestinginsightsanyway.Ortheymayturnouttobesharplynegative,inwhichcasethemorenoticewehave,thebetter.Itwouldbeunfortunatetoputitmildly,tospendcountlesstrillionsreplacingfossil-fuelenergyinfrastructure（基础建设）onlytodiscoverthatitssuccessor（替代物）isalsomoredamagingthanitneedbe.Theseclimaticeffectsmayevenbebeneficial.Thefirst,tentativemodelssuggestthatextractinglargeamountsofenergyfromhigh-altitudejetstreamswouldcooltheplanet,counteractingtheeffectsofrisinggreenhousegases.Itmightevenbepossibletobuildanenergyinfrastructurethatgivesusadegreeofcontrolovertheweather:turningoffwindturbineshere,capturingmoreofthesun'senergythere.Wemayalsoneedtorethinkourlong-termresearchpriorities.Thesunisultimatelytheonlysourceofenergythatdoesn'tendupalteringtheplanet'senergybalance.Sothebestbetmightbeinvestheavilyinimprovingsolartechnologyandenergystorage—ratherthanineffortstoharness,say,nuclearfusion.Forthemoment,allofthisremainssupposition（推测）.Butourspecieshasatendencytomyopia.Wehavenothingtolose,andeverythingtogainbytakingthelongviewforachange.（1）.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthoristryingtodrawourattentionto______.

A.theescalatingscaleoftheglobalwarming

B.thedivisionofscientistsovertheissueofglobalwarming

C.reasonsforustoworryaboutextraCO2fortheoceans

D.thehumantendencytounderestimatetheharmfuleffectsontheplanet

√解析：推理题。前两段都是在讲二氧化碳排放的问题，日益严重，这最终会带来对整个地球的影响，因此本题正确答案为D。（2）.Theauthor'sillustrationofwind-powerextractionreflects______.

A.thepriorityofprotectingtheenvironment

B.thesamehumanpropensityasmentionedpreviously

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C.thebeststrategyofreducingtheenvironmentalthreat

D.thedefinitehugeuncertaintiesabouttheclimaticeffects解析：B选项中的propensity指的是人类低估自身对地球影响的倾向，所以才会导致肆无忌惮用各种方式破坏环境，而大自然却无法同期抵消如此巨大的破坏力量。这也是全文的主旨，对风能分离的展示正是为了说明在寻找替代能源的尝试中，眼下没有风险的方式或许未来会有极为可怕的后果。（3）.Theauthorarguesthatitwouldbeunfortunatetoreplacefossilfuelsonlytofindoutthat______.

A.thesuccessorsarealsodamaging

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B.thecountlesstrillionsspentarewasted

C.thealternativeenergysourcesdon'twork

D.theresearchinvitesindifferentorevenhostilereactions解析：细节题。从第六段中可知replacingfossil-fuelenergyinfrastructure（基础建设）onlytodiscoverthatitssuccessor（替代物）isalsomoredamagingthanitneedbe，A选项是原文的正确改写，因此本题正确答案为A。（4）.Accordingtotheauthor,thebeststrategyis______.

A.tocounteracttheeffectsofrisinggreenhousegases

B.todevelopadegreeofcontrolovertheweather

C.toextractlargeamountsofenergyfromwind

D.toexploresolarenergyanditsstorage

√解析：细节题。用beststrategy回到原文定位到倒数第二段：Sothebestbetmightbeinvestheavilyinimprovingsolartechnologyandenergystorage—ratherthanineffortstoharness，say,nuclearfusion，D选项（开发太阳能及其储备）是原文的正确改写。（5）.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatweneedtotakethelongviewon______.

A.humanexistenceontheplanet

B.humanity'senergysupplies

C.ourenvironmentalthreats

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D.ourtendencytomyopia解析：主旨题。全文主旨为人类在能源使用问题上一直以来的短视（myopia）倾向（propensity），因此总是低估环境破坏带来的威胁，因此作者建议我们对takethelongview（长远观点）的对象应该是C。Inapoor,inland,gang-infestedpartofLosAngeles,thereisaclinicforpeoplewithtypeIdiabetes.Aspartofthecountryhealthcaresystem,itservespersonswhohavefallenthroughallothersafety-netoptions,thepoorestofthepoor.AlthoughtypeIIdiabetesisrampantinthispartoftown,typeIdiabetesexistsaswell.Yettheselatterindividualsgenerallylackaccesstoanyspecialtycare—atypeoftreatmenttheydesperatelyneedduetoacomplexityofdealingwithtype1diabetesinthesettingofpovertyandpsychosocialstress.TheTypeIClinicmeetsonemorningperweekandisstaffedbyfourendocrinologyfellowsandadiabetologist,oftenme.Ihavetheuniqueperspectiveofworkingpartofthetimeinacountysettingandtheotherpartofthetimeinaclinicforpeoplewithhealthinsurance,inBeverlyHills.Iknowwhatispossibleinthetreatmentoftype1diabetes.EastLosAngelesteachesmewhathappenswhenaccesstocareisnotavailable.Mostofourpatients,intheir20sand30sand40s,alreadyhavecomplicationsoftheirdiabetes;manynearendstage.Conceptsaboutmaintainingnear-normalbloodglucoselevelsoftenmisstheirmark—lackofeducationormoneyormotivationorfactorsIcan'tevenimaginemakethenecessityofapatientactingashisorherownexogenouspancreasnearlyimpossible,especiallywhenthereareacuteconsequencestohypoglycemiaandfewtomoderatehyperglycemia.Historically,inspiteofthesebarriers,wepersistedandthoughtwemadeadifference.Often,teachingsimplecarbohydratecountingorswitchingtherapytolong-actinginsulinimprovedpatientscontrolandtheirqualityoflife.Thefellowsfelttheymadeapositiveimpactinthehealthoftheirpatients.DrivinghomeIwouldbeencouragedbywhatwehadaccomplished,althoughsaddenedbytheseverityofthecomplicationssufferedbymanyofourpatients.Yeteverythingchangedwiththerecessionof2008.InBeverlyHillsIheardalotaboutthedemiseofthefinancialmarkets.PatientsofminehadinvestedwithBermieMadoff.Some,oncebillionaires,werenowmillionaires.Personalassistantsandhousekeeperswerelaidoff,vacationhomeswereputonthemarket,andpartiesbecamelesslavish.Butallstillliveinsafe,cleanhomes,weardesignerclothes,andeathigh-qualityfood.ThelandscapeisverydifferentformanyofmyEastLApatterns.Thetemporary,part-timejobstheyhadcobbledtogethertokeepfoodonthetableandpayforhousingaregone.I—naively—didn'trealizehowmuchworsepovertycouldget.Butnowmanyofourpatientsareyoungwithoutfoodandarebecominghomeless.Oneyoungman,acollegestudenttryingtoworkhiswayoutofpovertybygoingtoschool,losthisjobandislivinginhiscar.Heisstilltakingclassesbutisuna