2024年考研英语二真题

第页共15页2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Yoursociallifeisdefinedas“theactivitiesyoudowithotherpeople,forpleasure,whenyouarenotworking”.It’simportanttohaveasociallife,butwhat’srightforonepersonwon’tberightforanother.Someofusfeelenergisedbyspendinglotsoftimewithothers,1someofusmayfeeldrained,evenifit’sdoingsomethingweenjoy.Thisiswhyfindinga2inyoursociallifeiskey.Spendingtoomuchtimeonyourown,not3others,canmakeyoufeellonelyand4.Lonelinessisknowntoimpactonyourmentalhealthand5alowmood.Anyonecanfeellonelyatanytime.Thismightbeespeciallytrueif,6,youareworkingfromhomeandyouare 7ontheusualsocialconversationsthathappeninanoffice.Otherlifechangescan 8periodsoflonelinesstoo,suchasretirement,changingjobsorbecomingaparent.It’simportanttorecognisethesefeelingsofloneliness.Therearewaysto9asociallife,butitcanfeeloverwhelming10.It’sagreatideatostartbythinkingabouthobbiesyouenjoy.Youcanthenfindgroupsandactivitiesrelatedtothosewhereyouwillbeabletomeet11people.Therearegroupsaimedatnewparents,atthosewhowantto12anewsportforthefirsttime,ornetworkingeventsforthoseinthesameprofessiontomeetupand13ideas.Ontheotherhand,it’s14possibletohavetoomuchofasociallife.Ifyoufeellikeyou’realwaysdoingsomethingandthereisneverany15inyourcalendarfordowntime,youcouldsuffersocialburnoutorsocial16.Weallhaveourownsociallimitandit’simportanttorecognisewhenyou’refeelinglikeit’salltoomuch.Lowmood,lowenergy,irritabilityandtroublesleepingcouldallbe17ofpoorsocialhealth.Makesureyou18sometimeinyourdiarywhenyou’re19forsocialisingandusethistimetorelax,20andrecover.

1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link [D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contributeto [B]relyon [C]interferewith [D]goagainst6.[A]infact [B]ofcourse [C]forexample [D]onaverage7.[A]cuttingback [B]missingout [C]breakingin [D]lookingdown8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interrupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]atfirst [B]inturn [C]ontime [D]bychance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]list [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]takeover [B]wipeoff [C]addup [D]markout19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1InhernewbookCogsandMonsters:WhatEconomicsIs,andWhatItShouldBe,DianeCoyle,aneconomistatCambridgeUniversity,arguesthatthedigitaleconomyrequiresnewwaysofthinkingaboutprogress.“Whateverwemeanbytheeconomygrowing,bythingsgettingbetter,thegainswillhavetobemoreevenlysharedthanintherecentpast,”shewrites.“Aneconomyoftechmillionairesorbillionairesandgigworkers,withmiddle-incomejobsundercutbyautomation,willnotbepoliticallysustainable.”Improvinglivingstandardsandincreasingprosperityformorepeoplewillrequiregreateruseofdigitaltechnologiestoboostproductivityinvarioussectors,includinghealthcareandconstruction,saysCoyle.Butpeoplecan’tbeexpectedtoembracethechangesifthey’renotseeingthebenefits—ifthey’rejustseeinggoodjobsbeingdestroyed.Inarecentinterview,Coylesaidshefearsthattech’sinequalityproblemcouldbearoadblocktodeployingAI.“We’retalkingaboutdisruption,”shesays.“Thesearetransformativetechnologiesthatchangethewayswespendourtimeeveryday,thatchangebusinessmodelsthatsucceed.”Tomakesuch“tremendouschanges,”sheadds,youneedsocialbuy-in.Instead,saysCoyle,resentmentissimmeringamongmanyasthebenefitsareperceivedtogotoelitesinahandfulofprosperouscities.AccordingtotheBrookingsInstitution,ashortlistofeightAmericancitiesthatincludedSanFrancisco,SanJose,Boston,andSeattlehadroughly38%ofalltechjobsby2019.NewAItechnologiesareparticularlyconcentrated:Brookings’sMarkMuroandSifanLiuestimatethatjust15citiesaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheAIassetsandcapabilitiesintheUnitedStates.ThedominanceofafewcitiesintheinventionandcommercializationofAImeansthatgeographicaldisparitiesinwealthwillcontinuetosoar.Notonlywillthisfosterpoliticalandsocialunrest,butitcould,asCoylesuggests,holdbackthesortsofAItechnologiesneededforregionaleconomiestogrow.PartofthesolutioncouldlieinsomehowlooseningthestrangleholdthatBigTechhasondefiningtheAIagenda.Thatwilllikelytakeincreasedfederalfundingforresearchindependentofthetechgiants.AmoreimmediateresponseistobroadenourdigitalimaginationstoconceiveofAItechnologiesthatdon’tsimplyreplacejobsbutexpandopportunitiesinthesectorsthatdifferentpartsofthecountrycaremostabout,likehealthcare,education,andmanufacturing.21.Coylearguesinhernewbookthateconomicgrowthshould[A]giverisetoinnovations.[B]diversifycareerchoices.[C]benefitpeopleequally.[D]bepromotedforcefully.22.AccordingtoParagraph2,digitaltechnologiesshouldbeusedto[A]bringaboutinstantprosperity.[B]reducepeople’sworkload.[C]raiseoverallworkefficiency.[D]enhancecross-sectorcooperation.23.WhatdoesCoylefearabouttransformativetechnologies?[A]Theymayaffectwork-lifebalance.[B]Theymaybeimpracticaltodeploy.[C]Theymayincurhugeexpenditure.[D]Theymaybeunwelcometothepublic.24.SeveralAmericancitiesarementionedtoshow[A]theunevendistributionofAItechnologiesintheUS.[B]thedisappointingprospectoftechjobsintheUS.[C]thefastprogressofUSregionaleconomies.[D]theincreasingsignificanceofUSAIassets.25.WithregardtoCoyle’sconcern,theauthorsuggests[A]raisingfundstostartnewAIprojects.[B]encouragingcollaborationinAIresearch.[C]guardingagainstthesideeffectsofAI.[D]redefiningtheroleofAItechnologies.

Text2TheUKisfacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,Conforhaswarned.Theforestryandwoodtradebodyhascalledforurgentactiontoreducethecountry’srelianceontimberimportsandprovideastablesupplyofwoodforfuturegenerations.Currentlyonly20percentoftheUK’swoodrequirementishome-grownwhileitremainsthesecond-largestnetimporteroftimberintheworld.ComingatatimeoffreshincentivesfromtheUKgovernmentforlandownerstogrowmoretrees,thetradebodysaysthesedon’tgofarenoughandfailtopromotethebenefitsofplantingthemtoboosttimbersupplies.“Notonlyarewefacingacarboncrisisnow,butwewillalsobefacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,”saidStuartGoodall,chiefexecutiveofConfor.“Fordecadeswehavenottakenresponsibilityforinvestinginourdomesticwoodsupply,leavingusexposedtofluctuatingpricesandfightingforfuturesuppliesofwoodasglobaldemandrisesandourownsuppliesfall.”TheUKhasidealconditionsforgrowingwoodtobuildlow-carbonhomesandisagloballeaderincertifyingthatitsforestsaresustainablymanaged,Conforsays.WhilearoundthreequartersofScottishhomesarebuiltfromScottishtimber,theuseofhome-grownwoodinEnglandisonlyaround25percent.ThecausesoftheUK’scurrentpositionarecomplexandrangefromoutdatedperceptionsofproductiveforestrytothedecimationoftreesbygreysquirrels.Italsoencompassessignificanthesitationonbehalfoffarmersandotherlandownerstoinvestinlonger-termplantingprojects.WhileproductivetreeplantingcandeliverrealfinancialbenefitstoruraleconomiesandcontributetotheUK’snet-zerostrategy,thefocusofgovernmentsupportcontinuestobeonfoodproductionandtherewildingandplantingofnativewoodlandsolelyforbiodiversity.Goodalladded:“Whilefoodproductionandbiodiversityhealthareclearlyofcriticalimportance,weneedourlandtoalsoprovidesecuresuppliesofwoodforconstruction,manufacturingandcontributetonetzero.”“WhiletheUKgovernmenthasstateditsambitionformoretreeplanting,therehasbeenlittleactionontheground.Conforisnowcallingformuchgreaterimpetusbehindthoseaspirationstoensurewehaveenoughwoodtomeetincreasingdemand.”

26.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thattheUKneedsto[A]increaseitsdomesticwoodsupply.[B]reduceitsdemandfortimber.[C]loweritswoodproductioncosts.[D]liftitscontrolontimberimports.27.AccordingtoConfdr,theUKgovernment’sfreshincentives[A]canhardlyaddressaconstructioncrisis.[B]arebelievedtocomeatawrongtime.[C]seemtobemisleadingforlandowners.[D]willbetoocostlytoputintopractice.28.TheUK’sexposuretofluctuatingwoodpricesisaresultof[A]thegovernment’sinactionontimberimports.[B]inadequateinvestmentingrowingwood.[C]thecompetitionamongtimbertradersathome.[D]woodproducers’motivetomaximiseprofits.29.WhichofthefollowingcausestheshortageofwoodsupplyintheUK?[A]Excessivetimberconsumptioninconstruction.[B]Unfavourableconditionsforgrowingwood.[C]Outdatedtechnologiesofthewoodindustry.[D]Farmers’unwillingnesstoplanttrees.30.WhatdoesGoodallthinktheUKgovernmentshoulddo?[A]Subsidisethebuildingoflow-carbonhomes.[B]Paygreaterattentiontoboostingruraleconomies.[C]Providemoresupportforproductivetreeplanting.[D]Giveprioritytopursuingitsnet-zerostrategy.Text3Oneofthebiggestchallengesinkeepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroadisconvincingthemthatit’stimetoturnoverthekeys.“It’sacompletelife-changer”whensomeonestops—orisforcedtostop—driving,saidformerriskmanagerAnneM.Menke.“TheAmericanMedicalAssociationadvisesphysiciansthat‘insituationswhereclearevidenceofsubstantialdrivingimpairmentimpliesastrongthreattopatientandpublicsafety,andwherethephysician’sadvicetodiscontinuedrivingprivilegesisignored,itisdesirableandethicaltonotifytheDepartmentofMotorVehicles,’”Menkewrote.“Somestatesrequirephysicianstoreport,othersallowbutdonotmandatereports,whileafewconsiderareportabreachofconfidentiality.Therecouldbeliabilityandpenaltiesifaphysiciandoesnotactinaccordancewithstatelawsonreportingandconfidentiality,”shecounseled.Partoftheprobleminkeepingolderdriverssafeisthatthedifficultiesareaddressedpiecemealbydifferentprofessionswithdifferentfocuses,includinggerontologists,highwayadministrationofficials,automotiveengineersandothers,saidgerontologistElizabethDugan.“There’snotaNationalInstituteofOlderDriverStudies,”shesaid.“Weneedbetterevidenceonwhatmakesdriversunsafe”andwhatcanhelp,saidDugan.Onethingthatdoesseemtoworkisrequiringdriverstoreportinpersonforlicenserenewal.Mandatoryin-personrenewalwasassociatedwitha31percentreductioninfatalcrashesinvolvingdrivers85orolder,accordingtoonestudy.Passingvisiontestsalsoproducedasimilardeclineinfatalcrashesforthosedrivers,althoughthereappearedtobenobenefitfromcombiningthetwo.Manyolderdriversdon’tseeeyedoctorsorcan’taffordto.Primarycareprovidershavetheirhandsfullandmaynotbeabletofollowthroughwithpatientswhohavetroubledrivingbecausetheycan’tturntheirheadsorrememberwheretheyaregoing—orhavegottenshorterandhaven’tchangedtheirseatsettingssufficientlytoreachcarpedalseasily.Aslongasthereareothercarsontheroads,self-drivingcarswon’tsolvetheproblemsofcrashes,saidDugan.Avoidingdangersposedbyallthosehumandriverswouldrequiretoomanyalgorithms,shesaid.Butweneedtodomoretoimprovesafety,saidDugan.“Ifwe’regoingtohave100-yearlives,weneedcarsthata90-year-oldcandrivecomfortably.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,keepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroad[A]isanewsafetymeasure.[B]hasbecomeadisputedissue.[C]canbeatoughtasktocomplete.[D]willbebeneficialtotheirhealth.32.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’sadvice[A]haswonsupportfromdrivers.[B]isgenerallyconsideredunrealistic.[C]iswidelydismissedasunnecessary.[D]hasmetwithdifferentresponses.33.AccordingtoDugan,effortstokeepolderdriverssafe[A]havebroughtaboutbigchanges.[B]needtobewellcoordinated.[C]havegainedpublicrecognition.[D]callforrelevantlegalsupport.34.Someolderdrivershavetroubledrivingbecausetheytendto.[A]stickwithbaddrivinghabits.[B]haveaweakenedmemory.[C]sufferfromchronicpains.[D]neglectcarmaintenance.35.Duganthinksthatthesolutiontotheproblemsofcrashesmayliein[A]upgradingself-drivingvehicles.[B]developingsenior-friendlycars.[C]renovatingtransportfacilities.[D]adjustingtheagelimitfordrivers.Text4Ifyoulookattheappsonyourphone,chancesareyouhaveatleastonerelatedtoyourhealth—andprobablyseveral.Whetheritisamentalhealthapp,afitnesstracker,aconnectedhealthdeviceorsomethingelse,manyofusaretakingadvantageofthistechnologytokeepbettertrackofourhealthinsomeshapeorform.RecentresearchfromtheOrganizationfortheReviewofCareandHealthApplicationsfoundthat350,000healthappswereavailableonthemarket,90,000ofwhichlaunchedin2020alone.Whiletheseappshaveagreatdealtooffer,itisnotalwaysclearhowthepersonalinformationweinputiscollected,safeguardedandsharedonline.Existinghealthprivacylaw,suchastheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct,isprimarilyfocusedonthewayhospitals,doctors’offices,clinicsandinsurancecompaniesstorehealthrecordsonline.Thehealthinformationtheseappsandhealthdatatrackingwearablesarecollectingtypicallydoesnotreceivethesamelegalprotections.Withoutadditionalprotectionsinplace,companiesmayshare(andpotentiallymonetize)personalhealthinformationinawayconsumersmaynothaveauthorizedoranticipated.In2021,FloHealthfacedaFederalTradeCommission(FTC)investigation.TheFTCallegedinacomplaintthat“despiteexpressprivacyclaims,thecompanytookcontrolofusers’sensitivefertilitydataandshareditwiththirdparties.”FloHealthandtheFTCsettledthematterwithaConsentOrderrequiringthecompanytogetappusers’expressaffirmativeconsentbeforesharingtheirhealthinformationaswellastoinstructthethirdpartiestodeletethedatatheyhadobtained.Section5oftheFTCActempowerstheFTCtoinitiateenforcementactionagainstunfairordeceptiveacts,meaningtheFTCcanonlyactafterthefactifacompany’sprivacypracticesaremisleadingorcauseunjustifiedconsumerharm.WhiletheFTCisdoingwhatitcantoensureappsarekeepingtheirpromisestoconsumersaroundthehandlingoftheirsensitivehealthinformation,therateatwhichthesehealthappsarehittingthemarketdemonstratesjusthowimmenseofachallengethisprehensivefederalprivacylegislationseemsunlikelyintheshortterm.Stateshavebegunimplementingtheirownsolutionstoshoreupprotectionsforconsumer-generatedhealthdata.CaliforniahasbeenattheforefrontofstateprivacyeffortswiththeCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyActof2018.Virginia,ColoradoandUtahhavealsorecentlypassedstateconsumerdataprivacylegislation.

36.TheresearchfindingsarecitedinParagraph1toshow[A]theprevalenceofhealthapps.[B]thepublicconcernoverhealth.[C]thepopularityofsmartphones.[D]theadvancementoftechnology.37.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutexistinghealthprivacylaw?[A]Itscoverageneedstobeextended.[B]Itsenforcementneedsstrengthening.[C]Ithasdiscouragedmedicalmisconduct.[D]Ithasdisappointedinsurancecompanies.38.Beforesharingitsusers’healthinformation,FloHealthisrequiredto[A]seektheapprovaloftheFTC.[B]findqualifiedthirdparties.[C]removeirrelevantpersonaldata.[D]obtaintheirexplicitpermission.39.WhatchallengeistheFTCcurrentlyfacedwith?[A]Thecomplexityofhealthinformation.[B]Therapidincreaseinnewhealthapps.[C]Thesubtledeceptivenessofhealthapps.[D]Thedifficultyinassessingconsumerharm.40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthathealthdataprotection[A]hasbeenembracedbyhealthappdevelopers.[B]hasbeenafocusoffederalpolicy-making.[C]hasencounteredoppositioninCalifornia.[D]hasgainedlegislativesupportinsomestates.PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HowCollegesWeighApplicants’ExtracurricularActivitiesHighschoolstudentseagertostandoutinthecollegeapplicationprocessoftenparticipateinalitanyofextracurricularactivitieshopingtobolstertheirchancesofadmissiontoaselectiveundergraduateinstitution.SueRexford,thedirectorofcollegeguidanceattheCharlesE.SmithJewishDaySchool,saysitisnotnecessaryforastudentfillingouttheCommonApplicationtolist10activitiesintheapplication.“Nocollegewillexpectthatastudenthasahugelaundrylistofextracurricularsthattheyhavebeenpassionatelyinvolvedineachforanextendedperiodoftime,”Rexfordwroteinanemail.Expertssayitistoughertodistinguishoneselfinaschool-affiliatedextracurricularactivitythatiscommonamonghighschoolstudentsthanitistostandoutwhiledoinganuncommonactivity.“Thecompetitiontostandoutandmakeanimpactisgoingtobemuchstiffer,andsoifthey’regoingtodoapopularactivity,I’dsay,bethebestatit,”saysSaraHarberson,acollegeadmissionsconsultant.Highschoolstudentswhohaveanimpressivepersonalprojecttheyareworkingonindependentlyoftenimpresscolleges,expertssay.“Forexample,astudentwithaninterestinentrepreneurshipcoulddemonstrateskillandpotentialbystartingaprofitablesmallbusiness,”OliviaValdes,thefounderofZenAdmissionsconsultingfirm,wroteinanemail.JosephAdegboyega-Edun,aMarylandhighschoolguidancecounselor,saysunconventionalextracurricularactivitiescanhelpstudentsimpresscollegeadmissionsoffices,assumingtheydemonstratedseriouscommitment.“Again,sinceoneofthebigquestionshighschoolseniorsmustconsideris‘Whatmakesyouunique?,’havinganuncommonextracurricularactivityvs.aconventionaloneisanadvantage,”hewroteinanemail.Expertssaydemonstratingtalentinatleastoneextracurricularactivitycanhelpinthecollegeadmissionsprocess,especiallyattop-tierundergraduateinstitutions.“Distinguishingyourselfinonefocusedtypeofextracurricularactivitycanbeapositiveintheadmissionsprocess,especiallyforhighlyselectiveinstitutions,wherehavingtopgradesandtestscoresisnotenough,”KatieKelley,admissionscounseloratIvyWiseadmissionsconsultancy,wroteinanemail.“Studentsneedtohavethatqualityorhookthatwillappealtoadmissionsofficersandallowthemtovisualizehowthestudentmightcomeandenrichtheircampuscommunity.”Extracurricularactivitiesrelatedtothecollegemajordeclaredonacollegeapplicationarebeneficial,expertssuggest.“Ifyoualreadyknowyourmajor,havinganextracurricularthatfitsintothatmajorcanbeabigplus,”saysMayghinLevine,themanagerofeducationalopportunitieswithTheCabbagePatchSettlementHouse,aLouisville,Kentucky,nonprofitcommunitycenter.Highschoolstudentswhohavehadastrongpositiveinfluenceontheircommunitythroughanextracurricularactivitymayimpressacollegeandwinascholarship,saysEricaGwyn,aformermathandsciencemagnetprogramassistantatapublichighschoolwhoisnowexecutivedirectoroftheKaleidoscopeCareersAcademyinAtlanta,anonprofitorganization.[A]Studentswhos