专业英语八级模拟试卷18（共479题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷18（共9套）

（共479题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷第1套

一、讲座（本题共75题，每题7.0分，共75分。）

HowtoBondwithYourBossHavingagoodrelationshipwithyourbosshaspositive

impactonyourcareer.AccordingtoresearchersalNYU,[T1]isdirectly

linkedtohisorher[T11relationshipswithsuperiors.Herearefivestrategies.

Beauthenticandcommunicate-nononsense,no[T2],notiptoeingaround

eachother[T2]-bewillingtogiveandaccept[T3][T3]

Takeadvantageofopportunitiestosocialize-attend[T4]arrangedbythe

company[T4]-participateinofficehappyhours,holidaypartiesand[T5]

[T51-rememberaruleofthumb:keep[T6]light[T6]

_don't[T7]insidercompanyinformation[T7]一don'tbash

anothercoworker-goeasyontheboozeDon'tovershare-don'toversharetidbitsabout

yourownlife——becarefulaboutgettingtoofriendly—findthe[T8]between

connectingandsharing[T8]Focusonworkfirst-deliver[T9]work

[T9]-earn[T10]fromyourbossandcolleagues[T10]-

keep[T11]inmindinsteadoftheinitialassignment[Til]Think

abouthowyoucan[T12]yourboss[T12]-makeyourboss'sjob

easier-worktowardsthe[T13]ofthecompany[T13]-backupthe

visionofyourboss-be[TI4][T14]—makeyourbossseeyouasa

peerratherthananemployeeConclusionBondwithyourbossplaysalargerolein

[T15]—.Also,itisbeneficialfor[T15]yourphysicalandmental

health.

1、[Tl]

标准答案:employeeproductivity

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[T2]

标准答案：excuses

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[T3]

标准答案:constructivecriticism

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[T4]

标准答案:(fun)socialevents

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[T5]

标准答案：sportsleagues

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、[T6]

标准答案：conversationaltopics

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[T7]

标准答案：gofishingfor/fishfor/pryinto

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[T8]

标准答案：balance

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[T91

标准答案：quality

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[TI0J

标准答案：respect

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、[T11]

标准答案：theendgoal

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[T12]

标准答案：support

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[TI3]

标准答案：benefits

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[TI4]

标准答案:proactiveandself-sufficient

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[T15]

标准答案：careersuccess

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、会话（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10分。）

16、

A、7,000studentsdropcutofschooleveryyear.

B、Fewstudentsleaveschoolwithoutadiploma.

CNAbout1millionstudentsdropoutofhighschooleveryyear.

D、Onlyhalfofhighschoolstudentschoosetogotocollege.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Societyprovidesflexiblepathsfordrop-outstudents.

B、Therearefewteacherswhoreallycareaboutstudents.

C^Teachersareforcedtolivebythestandardsoftests.

D^Educatorspaymoreattentiontostudents'transformation.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Achievements.

B、Scores.

C^Attitude.

D、Purpose.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Cultivatemoreknowledgeableeducators.

B、Lethighschoolstudentsengageincollegeactivities.

C、Providerolemodelsthathavegonetofour-yearuniversities.

D、Deliverlecturesaboutthebenefitsofgoingtocollege.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A^Engaged.

B、Neglected.

C、Distracted.

D、Cared.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Heisaformerdropout.

B、Heisahighschoolteacher.

C^Heisgoodatmath.

D、Heisfamousforhisteachingmethod.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Hewasbomintoaverypoorfamily.

B、Heoftenplayedtruantforawhile.

C、Hemanagedtostayatschoolwhilehavingafewjobs.

D、Hefailedmanysubjectsanddroppedoutofschool.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、Innovative.

B、Doubtful.

C^Surprising.

D、Remedial.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Makesurehighschoolgraduatesmeetthehigheststandard.

B、Getthosegraduationrateshigherandhigherandhigher.

C>Reengagedrop-outstudentsandmakethemsuccessful.

D、Producemoreandmoretalentedgraduates.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Understandingitsimportancetothejobmarkets.

B>Understandingeducationpolicy.

C、Understandingtheneedsofindividualdevelopment.

D^Understandingthenecessityofeducationrevolution.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、选择题（本题共14题，每题1.0分，共14分。）

(1)TheChestnutTreewasalmostempty.Arayofsunlightslantingthroughawindow

fellondustytable-tops.Itwasthelonelyhouroffifteen.Atinnymusictrickledfromthe

telescreens.(2)Winstonsatinhisusualcomer,gazingintoanemptyglass.Nowand

againheglancedupatavastfacewhicheyedhimfromtheoppositewall.BIG

BROTHERISWATCHINGYOU,thecaptionsaid.Unbidden,awaitercameandfilled

hisglassupwithVictoryGin,shakingintoitafewdropsfromanotherbottlewithaquill

throughthecork.Itwassaccharineflavouredwithcloves,thespecialityofthecafe.(3)

Winstonwaslisteningtothetelescreen.Atpresentonlymusicwascomingoutofit,but

therewasapossibilitythatalanymomenttheremightbeaspecialbulletinfromthe

MinistryofPeace.ThenewsfromtheAfricanfrontwasdisquietingintheextreme.On

andoffhehadbeenworryingaboutitallday.AEurasian(欧亚国的)army[Oceania(大

洋国)wasatwarwithEurasia:OceaniahadalwaysbeenatwarwithEurasia]was

movingsouthwardatterrifyingspeed.Themid-daybulletinhadnotmentionedany

definitearea,butitwasprobablethatalreadythemouthoftheCongowasabattlefield.

BrazzavilleandLeopoldvillewereindanger.Onedidnothavetolookatthemaptosee

whatitmeant.ItwasnotmerelyaquestionoflosingCentralAfrica:fbrthefirsttimein

thewholewar,theterritoryofOceaniaitselfwasmenaced.(4)Aviolentemotion,not

fearexactlybutasortofundifferentiatedexcitement,flaredupinhim,thenfadedagain.

Hestoppedthinkingaboutthewar.Inthesedayshecouldneverfixhismindonanyone

subjectformorethanafewmomentsatatime.Hepickeduphisglassanddraineditata

gulp.Asalways,theginmadehimshudderandevenretchslightly.Thestuffwas

horrible.Theclovesandsaccharine,themselvesdisgustingenoughintheirsicklyway,

couldnotdisguisetheflatoilysmell:andwhatwasworstofallwasthatthesmellofgin,

whichdweltwithhimnightandday,wasinextricablymixedupinhismindwiththe

smellofthose一(5)Henevernamedthem,eveninhisthoughts,andsofarasitwas

possiblehenevervisualizedthem.Theyweresomethingthathewashalf-awareof,

hoveringclosetohisface,asmellthatclungtohisnostrils.Astheginroseinhimhe

belched(打嗝)throughpurplelips.Hehadgrownfattersincetheyreleasedhim,andhad

regainedhisoldcolour-indeed,morethanregainedit.Hisfeatureshadthickened,the

skinonnoseandcheekboneswascoarselyred,eventhebaldscalp(头皮)wastoodeepa

pink.Awaiter,againunbidden,broughtthechessboardandthecurrentissueofThe

Times,withthepageturneddownatthechessproblem.Then,seeingthatWinston'sglass

wasempty,hebroughttheginbottleandfilledit.Therewasnoneedtogiveorders.They

knewhishabits.Thechessboardwasalwayswaitingforhim,hiscornertablewasalways

reserved:evenwhentheplacewasfullhehadittohimself,sincenobodycaredtobeseen

sittingtooclosetohim.Heneverevenbotheredtocounthisdrinks.Atirregularintervals

theypresentedhimwithadirtyslipofpaperwhichtheysaidwasthebilLbuthehadthe

impressionthattheyalwaysunderchargedhim.Itwouldhavemadenodifferenceifithad

beentheotherwayabout.Hehadalwaysplentyofmoneynowadays.Heevenhadajob,

asinecure(闲职)，morehighly-paidthanhisoldjobhadbeen.(6)Themusicfromthe

telescreenstoppedandavoicetookover.Winstonraisedhisheadtolisten.Nobulletins

fromthefront,however.ItwasmerelyabriefannouncementfromtheMinistryofPlenty.

Intheprecedingquarter,itappeared,theTenthThree-YearPlan'squotaforbootlaceshad

beenover-fulfilledby98percent.(7)Heexaminedthechessproblemandsetoutthe

pieces.Itwasatrickyending,involvingacoupleofknights."Whitetoplayandmatein

twomoves.nWinstonlookedupattheportraitofBigBrother.Whitealwaysmates,he

thoughtwithasortofcloudymysticism.Always,withoutexception,itissoarranged.In

nochessproblemsincethebeginningoftheworldhasblackeverwon.Diditnot

symbolizetheeternal,unvaryingtriumphofGoodoverEvil?Thehugefacegazedback

athim,fullofcalmpower.Whitealwaysmates.(8)Thevoicefromthetelescreenpaused

andaddedinadifferentandmuchgravertone:"Youarewarnedtostandbyfbran

imporlantannouncementatfifteen-thirty.Fifteen-thirty!Thisisnewsofthehighest

importance.Takecarenottomissit.Fifteen-thirty!"Thelinkingmusicstruckupagain.

(9)Winston'sheartstirred.Thatwasthebulletinfromthefront:instincttoldhimthatit

wasbadnewsthatwascoming.Allday,withlittlespurtsofexcitement,thethoughtofa

smashingdefeatinAfricahadbeeninandoutofhismind.Heseemedactuallytoseethe

Eurasianarmyswarmingacrossthenever-brokenfrontierandpouringdownintothetip

ofAfricalikeacolumnofants.Whyhaditnotbeenpossibletooutflanktheminsome

way?TheoutlineoftheWestAfricancoaststoodoutvividlyinhismind.Hepickedup

thewhiteknightandmoveditacrosstheboard.Therewastheproperspot.Evenwhilehe

sawtheblackhorderacingsouthwardhesawanotherforce,mysteriouslyassembled,

suddenlyplantedintheirrear,cuttingtheircommunicationsbylandandsea.Hefeltthat

bywillingithewasbringingthatotherforceintoexistence.Butitwasnecessarytoact

quickly.IftheycouldgetcontrolofthewholeofAfrica,iftheyhadairfieldsand

submarinebasesattheCape,itwouldcutOceaniaintwo.Itmightmeananything:defeat,

breakdown,theredivisionoftheworld,thedestructionoftheParty!Hedrewadeep

breath.Anextraordinarymedleyoffeeling—butitwasnotamedley,exactly:ratherit

wassuccessivelayersoffeeling,inwhichonecouldnotsaywhichlayerwas

undermost—struggledinsidehim.

26、WhatcanbeinferredfromPara.2?

A、WinstonwasaregularattheChestnutTree.

B、AmanwasstaringatWinstonfromtheoppositeseat.

C、ThewaiteraddedsonicsaccharineintoWinston'sremainingdrink.

D、TheChestnutTreewasadistinctivecafe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至第二段。该段第一句提到温斯顿坐

在他常坐的角落里，盯着一个空玻璃杯，usualcorner表明温斯顿是这家咖啡馆的

常客，结合上文可知，这家咖啡馆的名字是栗树咖啡馆，故A为答案。该段第二

句和第三句提到他不时地抬头瞥一眼对面墙上看着他的那张大脸，图片下面写着一

行字：老大哥在看着你，第三句中的caplion意为"(图片的)说明文字”，由此可知，

盯着温斯顿看的是挂在对面墙上的头像，而不是坐在他对面位置上的男人，B与原

文表述不符，故排除；该段第四句指出服务员不等招呼就上来为他斟满了一杯胜利

牌杜松子酒，从另外一只瓶子里倒几粒有丁香味的糖精在里面，由此可知，服务员

是把丁香味的糖精加入新倒的酒里，而不是温斯顿喝剩的酒，C与原文表述不符，

故排除；该段最后一句提到丁香味的糖精是这家咖啡馆的特色，但并未表明这家咖

啡馆就很有特色，故排除D。

27>ItcanbeinferredfromthebulletinfromtheAfricanfrontatnoonthat.

A、WinstonknewexactlywheretheEurasianarmyhadpassedby

EurasiaandOceaniafoughtatthemouthoftheCongo

C、EurasiansouthwardmovementputBrazzavilleandLeopoldvilleatrisk

D、OceanialostthecontrolofCentralAfricaanditsownterritory

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至第三段。该段第六句和第七句指

出，正午的公报表明布拉柴维尔和利奥波德维尔已陷入危险，而第五句提到一支欧

亚国的军队正在以令人恐惧的速度向南挺进，由此可知，欧亚国军队的南下使布拉

柴维尔和利奥波德维尔陷入危险，故C为答案。该段第六句提到正午的公报并未

提及任何具体地点，但很可能刚果河口就是一处战场，由此可知，温斯顿并不知道

欧亚国军队确切的途经地点，A与原文表述相反，放排除，同时排除B,因为原文

只提及刚果河口很可能是一处战场，但并未完全确定双方己在此开战；该段纸后一

句表明布拉柴维尔和利奥波德维尔陷入危险导致的两个后果：一个是大洋国丢掉中

非，另一个是大洋国的本土受到威胁，而不是大洋国失去对其本土的控制，故排除

Do

28、Whatdoestheword"retch1'inPara.4mean?

A、Lingeron.

B、Feelsick.

C、Scrapeby.

D、Feelrelaxed.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干提示定位至第四段。该段第五句提到，一如既

往，杜松子酒令他打了个哆嗦，甚至有点retch。紧接着第六句和第七句指出这东

西太恐怖了，丁香和糖精，本身甜得发腻就够令人恶心的，更掩盖不了那股油味。

由这两句中的horrible和disgusting可知，retch应为贬义词，B“感到恶心”最符合文

意，故为答案。A“流连忘返”和D“感到放松”属于褒义范畴，与原文表述不符，故

均排除；C”勉强维持生活”明显与原文不符，故排除。

29、Accordingtothelastparagraph,WinstonfeltaboutthefutureofOceaniain

thiswar.

A^optimistic

B、confident

C^disappointed

D、apprehensive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据题干定位至最后一段。该段前三句提到温斯顿听到

即将播放重要通知时的心情：他心乱如麻；这是前线来的公报，直觉告诉他即将传

来的是坏消息；一整天，带着一点点激动，他时不时地想到会在非洲惨败。而该段

的第十二句和第十三句表明温斯顿想到的是大洋国在非洲的惨败。由此可以判断温

斯顿对大洋国在此次战争中的未来表示担忧，故D为答案。

30、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemysteriousarmyimaginedbyWinston

canbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

A、1(belongedioEurasia.

B>Itappearedontheflanksofenemyunits.

C^Itsspeedofactionwasoftheessence.

D、ItscontrolofAfricamightsplitOceania.

标准答案：c

知识点词析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至最后一段。该段第四句提到温斯顿

仿佛确实看到，欧亚国的军队像蚂蚁大军一样，蜂拥而至，越过从未被突破的前

线，涌进非洲底端。该段第九句和第十句又指出，甚至当他目睹黑色大军快速南下

时，他看见了另外一支大军，神秘地集结起来，突然插入他们的后方，切断了他们

的陆海交通，他觉得通过意愿，自己正在把另一支大军变成现实。这三句表明与黑

色大军敌对的另外一支大军是温斯顿所想象的神秘大军。紧接着第卜一句提到这支

神秘大军必须迅速采取行动。由此可知，这支军队的行动速度非常重要，故C为

答案，同时排除A,该段第四句和第九句表明黑色大军才是欧亚国的军队，而神秘

大军属于敌对方，即大洋国。第九句直接提及神秘大军突然插入黑色大军的后方，

而不是出现在敌军侧翼，故排除B；第十二句提到如果他们控制了整个非洲，如果

他们夺得了好望角的机场和潜艇基地，大洋国就要被一分为二了，该句中的they

是指黑色大军，而不是神秘大军，D与原文表述不符，故排除。

(1)Thesaltequationtaughttodoctorsformorethan200yearsisnothardtounderstand.

Thebodyreliesonthisessentialmineralforavarietyoffunctions,includingblood

pressureandthetransmissionofnerveimpulses.Sodiumlevelsinthebloodmustbe

carefullymaintained.Ifyoueatalotofsalt—sodiumchloride—youwillbecomethirsty

anddrinkwater,dilutingyourbloodenoughtomaintaintheproperconcentrationof

sodium.Ultimatelyyouwillexcretemuchoftheexcesssaltandwaterinurine.The

theoryisintuitiveandsimple.Anditmaybecompletelywrong.(2)Theresearch,

publishedrecentlyintwodensepapersinTheJournalofClinicalInvestigation,

contradictsmuchoftheconventionalwisdomabouthowthebodyhandlessaltand

suggeststhathighlevelsmayplayaroleinweightloss.(3)Thefindingshavestunned

kidneyspecialists."Thisisjustverynovelandfascinating,"saidDr.MelanieHoenig,an

assistantprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool."Theworkwasmeticulously

done."(4)Dr.JamesR.Johnston,aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,marked

eachunexpectedfindinginthemarginsofthetwopapers.Thestudieswerecoveredwith

scribblesbythetimehewasdone."Reallycool,'*hesaid,althoughheaddedthatthe

findingsneedtobereplicated.(5)Thenewstudiesaretheculminationofadecades-long

questbyadeterminedscientist,Dr.JensTitze,nowakidneyspecialistatVanderbilt

UniversityMedicalCenterandtheInterdisciplinaryCenterforClinicalResearchin

Erlangen,Germany.(6)In1991,asamedicalstudentinBerlin,hetookaclassonhuman

physiologyinextremeenvironments.Theprofessorwhotaughtthecourseworkedwith

theEuropeanspaceprogramandpresenteddatafromasimulated28-daymissionin

whichacrewlivedinasmallcapsule.Themaingoalwastolearnhowthecrewmembers

wouldgetalong.Butthescientistsalsohadcollectedtheastronauts'urineandother

physiologicalmarkers.Titzenoticedsomethingpuzzlinginthecrewmembers'data:

Theirurinevolumeswentupanddowninaseven-daycycle.Thatcontradictedallhe'd

beentaughtinmedicalschool:Thereshouldbenosuchtemporalcycle.(7)In1994,the

Russianspaceprogramdecidedtodoa135-daysimulationoflifeontheMirspace

station.TitzearrangedtogotoRussiatostudyurinepatternsamongthecrewmembers

andhowthesewereaffectedbysaltinthediet.Astrikingfindingemerged:a28-day

rhythmintheamountofsodiumthecosmonauts'bodiesretainedthatwasnotlinkedto

theamountofurinetheyproduced.Andthesodiumrhythmsweremuchmore

pronouncedthantheurinepatterns.Thesodiumlevelsshouldhavebeenrisingandfalling

withthevolumeofurine.Althoughthestudywasn'tperfect—thecrewmembers'sodium

intakewasnotpreciselycalibrated(校准)一Titzewasconvincedsomethingotherthan

fluidintakewasinfluencingsodiumstoresinthecrew'sbodies.Theconclusion,he

realized,"washeresy."(8)In2006,theRussianspaceprogramannouncedtwomore

simulationstudies,onelasting105daysandtheother520days.Titzesawachanceto

figureoutwhetherhisanomalousfindingswerereal.Intheshortersimulation,the

cosmonautsateadietcontaining12gramsofsaltdaily,followedby9grainsdaily,and

thenalow-saltdietof6gramsdaily,eachfora28-dayperiod.Inthelongermission,the

cosmonautsalsoateanadditionalcycleof12gramsofsaltdaily.Likemostofus,the

cosmonautslikedtheirsalt.OliverKnickel,33,aGermancitizenparticipatinginthe

programwhoisnowanautomotiveengineerinStuttgart,recalledthateventhefoodthat

supplied12gramsadaywasnotsaltyenoughforhim.Whenthesaltlevelgotdownto6

grams,hesaid,"Itdidn'ttastegood."(9)TherealshockercamewhenTitzemeasuredthe

amountofsodiumexcretedinthecrew'surine,thevolumeoftheirurine,andtheamount

ofsodiumintheirblood.Themysteriouspatternsinurinevolumepersisted,but

everythingseemedtoproceedaccordingtothetextbooks.Whenthecrewatemoresalt,

theyexcretedmoresalt:theamountofsodiumintheirbloodremainedconstant,andtheir

urinevolumeincreased."Butthenwehadalookatfluidintake,andweremorethan

surprised/hesaid.Insteadofdrinkingmore,thecrewweredrinkinglessinthelongrun

whengettingmoresalt.Sowherewastheexcretedwatercomingfrom?"Therewasonly

onewaytoexplainthisphenomenon,"Titzesaid."Thebodymostlikelyhadgeneratedor

producedwaterwhensaltintakewashigh."(10)Togetfurtherinsight,Titzebegana

studyofmiceinthelaboratory.Sureenough,themoresaltheaddedtotheanimals'diet,

thelesswatertheydrank.Andhesawwhy.Theanimalsweregettingwater-butnotby

drinkingit.Theincreasedlevelsofglucocorticoidhormones(糖皮质激素)brokedown

fatandmuscleintheirownbodies.Thisfreedupwaterforthebodytouse.Butthat

processrequiresenergy,Titzealsofound,whichiswhythemiceate25percentmore

foodonahigh-saltdiet.Thehormonesalsomaybeacauseofthestrangelong-term

fluctuationsinurinevolume.(11)Scientistsknewthatastarvingbodywillburnitsown

fatandmuscleforsustenance.Buttherealizationthatsomethingsimilarhappensona

saltydiethascomeasarevelation.(12)Peopledowhaicamelsdo,notedDr.Mark

Zeidel,anephrologistatHarvardMedicalSchoolwhowroteaneditorialaccompanying

Titze'sstudies.Acameltravelingthroughthedesertthathasnowatertodrinkgetswater

insteadbybreakingdownthefatinitshump.(13)Oneofthemanyimplicationsofthis

findingisthatsaltmaybeinvolvedinweightloss.Generally,scientistshaveassumed

thatahigh-saltdietencouragesagreaterintakeoffluids,whichincreasesweight.Butif

balancingahighersaltintakerequiresthebodytobreakdowntissue,itmayalsoincrease

energyexpenditure.(14)Still,Titzesaidhewouldnotadviseeatingalotofsalttolose

weight.Ifhisresultsarecorrect,moresaltwillmakeyouhungrierinthelongrun,soyou

wouldhavetobesureyoudidnoteatmorefoodtomakeupfortheextracaloriesburned.

And,Titzesaid,highglucocorticoidlevelsarclinkedtosuchconditionsasosteoporosis

(骨质疏松症)，muscleloss,Type2diabetesandothermetabolic(新陈代谢的)problems.

31、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?

A、Mineralsplayindispensablerolesinmanybodilyfunctions.

Bloodconcentrationofsodiumisdifficulttokeepintheproperrange.

C、Toomuchsodiumchloridewillincreasethewaterintake.

D、Excesssaltwillbedilutedandretainedinthebody.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位至第一段。该段第四句提到：如果你摄人

大量盐分——氯化钠——你就会口渴，会喝水，从而把血液稀释到足以维持适当的

钠浓度。该句中的破折号表明氯化钠是盐分的同位语，由此可知，摄人过多的氯化

钠会增加水摄入量，故C为答案。该段第二句指出人类的身体依赖这种必不可少

的矿物质来实现种种功能，包括血压和传递神经脉冲，该句中的矿物质是指前一句

中所提到的盐分，而不是泛指所有的矿物质，A与原文表述不符，故排除；该段第

三句提到血液中的钠浓度必须要小心地维持，这表明血液中的钠浓度很重要，但并

不能由此推出血液中的钠浓度很难保持在一个合理的范围内，故排除B；该段第五

句指出最终人们会通过尿液排出大量多余的盐分和水，而不是让过量的盐分滞留在

体内，故排除D。

32、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchpublishedinTheJournalof

ClinicalInvestigationisINCORRECT?

A^It'stheoppositeoftraditionalwaystohandlesaltinbody.

B、MelanieHoenigthoughtithadbeenconductedscrupulously.

C^Dr.Johnstonsuggesteditshouldberedonetoconfirmthefindings.

D^It'stheresultJensTitzehasexploredfortensofyears.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干提示定位至第二段至第五段。从第二段得知，

近期发表在《临床调查杂志》上的两篇艰深论文中的一项研究，与大部分关于身体

如何处理盐分的传统观点相矛盾，而不是相反，A与原文表述不符，故为答案。第

三段最后一句提到梅勒妮・霍尼格表示研究工作做得非常细致，B与原文表述相

符，故排除；第四段最后一句中约翰斯顿博士补充道，这些研究结果需要验证，该

句中replicate的意思是dothescientificstudyagainortrylogetthesameresultagain,

由此可知，约翰斯顿博士认为需要重做该研究来验证结果，C与原文表述相符，故

排除；第五段第一句提到这些新研究论文是一位意志坚定的科学家延斯-蒂策博士

长达数十年探索的结果，选项D中的exploredfortensofyears对应原文中的a

decades-longquest,D与原文表述相符，故排除。

33、Thesimulationstudylasting28days.

A、wasundertakenjointlybyTitzeandtheEuropeanspaceprogram

B、tookastronautslivinginaspacevehicleassubjects

C、aimedtocollectandanalyzethesubjects'urine

D、foundastronauts*urinevolumesriseandfalleverysevendays

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干提示定位至第六段。第六段第二句指出，授课

教授与欧洲太空计划合作，并展示了一项为期28天的模拟任务所获得的数据，在

该项任务中，全体宇航员都生活在一个小太空舱内。再结合接下来三句中的研究目

标和收集信息可知，该项任务的实验对象是生活在一个宇宙飞行器中的宇航员，故

B为答案，同时排除A,因为与欧洲太空计划合作咳项研究的是蒂策的授课教授，

而不是蒂策木人。该段第三句和第四句指出，该研究的主要目标是了解宇航员们会

如何相处，但科学家们也收集了这些宇航员的尿液及其他生理指标。由此可.知，收

集和分析实验对象的尿液只是科学家们附带做的工作，而非该研究的主要目标，C

与原文表述不符，故排除；该段第五句提到蒂策注意到宇航员的数据中有令人费解

的地方：他们的尿显以7天为一个周期，下波动，由此可知，这一变化是作为学生

的蒂策发现的，而不是这项研究发现的，故排除D。

34、ItcanNOTbeinferredfromthetwostudiesannouncedinthesameyearthat.

A、Titzewantedtoverifyhisfindingsinthesetwostudies

B、astronautsinthelongersimulationhadhighersaltintakeeveryday

C>Knickelwasunsatisfiedwithallthesaltlevelsofferedinfood

D、subjectsweregettingwaternotbydrinkingitwheneatingmoresalt

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题C根据题干提示定位至第八段和第九段C第八段第二句提

到在持续时间较短的那项模拟中，宇航员每天的饮食含有12克盐，接着是每天9

克，然后是每天6克的低盐饮食，每个阶段为期28天。紧接着第四句指出，在持

续时间较长的那项任务中，宇航员还多了一个每天摄人12克盐的饮食周期。由此

可知，在两项任务中，宇航员们每天的食盐摄人量并没有区别，只是在持续时间较

长的任务中，宇航员们多了一个每天摄入12克盐的饮食周期，B与原文表述不

符，故为答案。第八段前两句提到，2006年，俄罗斯太空计划乂宣布了两项模拟

研究，一项持续105天，另一项持续520天，蒂策看到了一个机会，可以去弄清楚

他那些异常研究结果的真假。由此可知，蒂策想要通过这两项研究验证其研究结

果，故排除A；第八段第六句指出，参加了该项1=1的33岁德国公民奥利弗・科尼克

尔回忆说，即使是每天提供了12克盐的食物，对他而言还是不够咸，这表明科尼

克尔对食物里提供的最高盐量12克都不满意，由化可知，他对食物里提供的所有

盐量都不满意，故排除c；第九段第五句提到蒂策发现当摄人更多盐分时，长期来

看，全体宇航员非但没有喝更多的液体，反而喝得更少，该段第八句则指出蒂策认

为当盐摄入量偏高时，身体很可能已经造水或产水了，由此可知，当摄入更多盐分

时，实验对象并不是靠饮水来获得水分，故排除D。

35、Dr.MarkZeidelwasTitze'sfindingabouthowthebodyproducedwater.

A、neutralabout

B、indifferentto

C>opposedto

D、supportiveof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据题干定位至第十二段。该段第一句提到哈佛大学医

学院的肾病学家马克-赛德尔博士为蒂策的两篇研究论文撰写了一篇社论，他指出

人类的做法和骆驼一样。紧接着第二句具体解释了其观点：正在穿越沙漠的骆驼，

无水可饮，作为替代，它通过分解驼峰中的脂肪来获得水分。而第十段第五句和第

六句提到，蒂策发现糖皮质激素水平的升高，分解了自体脂肪和肌肉，这就释放出

了供身体使用的水分。由此可以判断马克-赛德尔博士支持蒂策关于身体如何产水

的发现，故D为答案。

(1)Oakville,Ontario—JanetBarberdoesn'tdwelltoomuchontheviewfromher

driveway.(2)Manyofherlongtimeneighborsupanddowntheblockhavecashedinon

thearea'ssoaringhousepricesandmovedaway.Wheretheirmodestwoodhomesonce

stood,muchlargerarchitect-designedhousesofstone,steelandglassfillthelots.Across

thestreet,abigsignplasteredwith"Sold"stickersmeansthatoneisprobablynexttogo.

(3)ButnomatterhowmuchMs.Barberandherhusband,Michael,mightnowbeableto

getfortheirownthree-bedroombungalow,theyarenotabouttojointherush.(4)Why?

Thoughtheyarcoldenoughtobecmpty-ncstcrs,theirnestisn'tempty.Their29-ycar-old

daughter,Sarah,hasbeenlivingwiththemsinceshefinishedagraduatedegreein2013,

becauseshecannotyetaffordaplaceofherown.Heroldersister,Jennifer,didthesame

forsixyears.(5)Themorehousepricesrise,thelongeritwilltakeSarahtosaveup

enoughtomoveout.Butthelongersheandthousandslikeherstaywiththeirparents,the

fewerhousesareputupforsale-andthatscarcityisabigreasonpricesaresoaring.(6)

Itisaparadoxofthered-hotrealestatemarketaroundToronto:Someownersarenot

sellingbecausepricesarctoohigh.(7)Oakville,theaffluentcommutertownwherethe

Barberslive,hasbeentransformedbydiepropertyboomintheTorontoarea.Lastmonth,

theaveragesalepriceinOakvillehit1.4millionCanadiandollars($1million),30

percenthigherthanayearago.Pricesareclimbingintosevenfiguresacrosstheregion,

andrentalsareexpensiveanddifficulttofind.(8)Thosedauntingfigureshavedriven

thousandsofyoungadultsbackintotheirchildhoodbedrooms.Anunusuallyhigh56.5

percentofpeopleintheir20sintheTorontoareastilllivewiththeirparents,compared

with42percentnationwide.LikeSarahBarber,manyofthemappeartobetradingsome

iiidupcndciiucfortheclianucloturnwhatulhciwisewouldhavebeenrentmoneyinto

savingsfbradownpayment.(9)Ilcanmakesensefinanciallyforthem,butitalsomakes

theaffordabilityproblemworse.Basiceconomicssaysthathighpricesoughttoentice

moreownerstosell,withtheaddedsupplyhelpingtorelievesomeoftheupward

pressure.ButthatisnothappeninginToronto,where,despiteintensedemand,therateof

newlistingshasbeenstagnantforseveralyears,andevenfell12percentlastmonth.(10)

TheremaybeseveralreasonsmoreToronto-areahomeownersarenotdoingwhatthe

economicstextbookspredict.Someanalystsbelievethatparentswhomightotherwise

sell,butarestayingputtoaccommodatetheiradultchildren,areasignificantfactor.(II)

"It'stheonlygiftwecangivethem,"JanetBarbersaidasherdaughterstriedtopersuade

thefamily'sgoldenretrieverpuppynottolickeveryfaceinthelivingroom."Wecan't

givethema200,000dollardownpaymentonahouse.Sowhatcanwedo?Wecanhouse

them."(12)PricesarestableorrisingslowlyinmostotherCanadiancities,butToronto

isbooming,fueledbyrapidpopulationgrowth,andbuilderscannothopetomeetallthe

demand.AsimilarfrenzytookholdinVancouver,BritishColumbia,forawhile,buta

seriesofmeasures,includingataxonforeignbuyers,seemstohavecooleditofffornow.

(13)DanaSenagama,theprincipalmarketanalystlortheTorontoareaattheCanada

HousingandMortgageCorporation,afederalagency,saidexpertswerejustastaken

abackbythepriceexplosionasthegeneralpublic.(14)HIthinkit'scrazy,MMs.Senagama

said."Weall,asanindustry,justneedtobecarefuland