【英语】高三英语阅读理解(教育文化)各地方试卷集合汇编及解析

【英语】高三英语阅读理解(教育文化)各地方试卷集合汇编及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建议)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。故选C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

InNewYorkCitypublicschools,176differentlanguagesarespokenamongthemorethan1millionstudents.For160,000children,Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage.NewYork'sDepartmentofEducationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-language(双语)programmes.

Studentsaretaughtintwolanguages,Englishandanotherone,likeRussianorChinese.Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.

MiladyBaezisDeputyChancellorofEnglishLanguageLearnersandStudentSupport.Shesays,"Thejobsofthefuturerequirethatourstudentsknowmorethanonelanguage.Theyaregoingtobetravellingabroad;theyaregoingtobecommunicatingwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thiswillopendoorsforthem."

Middle-schoolersmightnothavejobsontheirmindsyet.ForKequingJaing,shelikeskeepingupherfirstlanguage,Mandarin."ItmakesmefeelthatIamhomebecauseIcanspeakinChineseandlearninChinese,whilelearninginEnglish.SoitmakesmefeelbetterandmakesmeunderstandmoreaboutthetaskI'mlearning.

AnastasiaHudikovacametotheUnitedStateswhenshewas2yearsold.ShesaystheRussian-Englishprogrammekeepsherconnectedtoherheritageandherparents.

TheNewYorkschoolsalsoofferdual-languageprogrammesinsevenotherlanguages:Arabic,French,HaitianCreole,Hebrew,Korean,PolishandSpanish.Thereareplanstoaddevenmorelanguagesinthefuture.Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.TheUSEnglishwantstomakeEnglishtheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedStates.（1）WhyaremanycoursesofpublicschoolsinNewYorkCitytaughtinbothlanguages?A.Togetthestudentstoknowtheculturesofothercountries.B.Toencouragemorestudentstogoabroadtostudyfurther.C.Toattractmorestudentstostudyinthepublicschools.D.Toshowtheadvantagesofstudyinginthepublicschools.（2）Howdoesthetextintroducethefactthatit'svitaltolearndifferentlanguages?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bylistingpeople'sattitudes.C.Byclarifyingthesituation.D.Bygivingsomenumbers.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MorelanguageshavebeenaddedtotheNewYorkCityschools.B.It'sunnecessarytolearnmorelanguagesinNewYorkCity.C.Englishshouldbeamustthoughdifferentlanguagesaretaught.D.Englishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.English,outofdate?B.ThenewestfashioninNewYorkCityC.TheeducationinNewYorkCityD.Dual-language,tobeornot?【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了纽约的公立学校在重视英语教学的同时,还强调双语教学的必要性。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.”可知,纽约公立学校的许多课程用双语教学的目的是让学生了解其他国家的文化风俗。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。本文通过列举多人的观点证明了学习多种语言的必要性。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.”可知,美国的教育学家认为尽管在学校双语教学很流行,但是英语的地位是不能动摇的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了纽约的公立学校在重视英语教学的同时,强调双语教学的必要性，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe"odd-man-out"?Theanswerisspeaking.Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown.Butyoucan'treallyspeakalone!Speakingtoyourselfcanbe"dangerous"becausemeninwhitecoatsmaycomeandtakeyouaway!

WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?

Atschool-Ifyoupaytogotoalanguageschool,youshouldusetheopportunitytospeak.Ifyourteacherasksyoutospeakinpairsorgroupswithotherstudents,trytosayasmuchaspossible.Don'tworryaboutyourmistakes.Justspeak!

ConversationClubs-Manycitiesaroundtheworldhaveconversationclubswherepeoplecanexchangeonelanguageforanother.Lookinyourlocalnewspapertofindaconversationclubnearyou.Theyareusuallyfreealthoughsomemaychargeasmallentrancefee(费用).

Shopping-Evenifyoudon'twanttobuyanything,youcanaskquestionsaboutproductsthatinterestyouinashop."Howmuchdoesthiscost?""CanIpaybycheque?"Oftenyoucanstartarealconversation-anditcostsyounothing!

CaféandBars-ThereareoftenAmerican,Britain,IrishandAustralianbarsinmanylargecities.Ifyoucanfindone,you'llprobablymeetmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

Languageisallaroundyou-Everywhereyougo,youfindlanguage.Shopnames,streetnames,advertisements,notices,andcarnumbers….Whenyouwalkdownthestreet,practicereadingthewordsandnumbersthatyousee.Saythemtoyourself.It'snotexactlyaconversation,butitwillhelpyouto"think"inEnglish.Butdon'tspeaktooloud!

SongsandVideo-RepeatthewordsofanEnglishsongsingingwiththemusicuntilitbecomesautomatic.It'sgoodpracticeforyourmemoryandforthemouthmusclesthatyouneedforEnglish.

Aboveall,speakasmuchaspossible!Makeasmanymistakesaspossible!Whenyouknowthatyouhavemadeamistake,youknowthatyouhavemadeprogress!（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"odd-man-out"probablymeanaccordingtothepassage?A.

Someoneorsomethingthatcanbeeasilymistakenforanother.B.

Someoneorsomethingappearingdifferentfromtheothers.C.

Someoneorsomethingstandingoutofthegroup.D.

Someoneorsomethingarrangedinpairs.（2）InwhichplacescanyoulearnEnglishNOTfreeofcharge?A.Atschool,inshopsandcafébars.B.Inconversationclubsandinthestreets.C.Inconversationclubs,shops,songsandvideo.D.Atschool,inconversationclubsandcaféandbars.（3）Whydoesthewritersay"Makeasmanymistakesaspossible"?A.BecauseeveryonewillmakemistakesinlearningEnglish.B.BecausemakingmistakesisamustinmakingprogressinlearningEnglish.C.BecauseeveryonewillmeetpeoplespeakingEnglishwithsomemistakes.D.Becausemakingmistakescanmakeonerealizetheimportanceofspeaking.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TotellusthatEnglishisallaroundus.B.TotellusthatwecanspeakEnglishalone.C.Togiveussomeadviceonhowtopracticespeaking.D.TotellusspeakingistheeasiestofthefourskillsinlearningEnglish.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何提高英语学习者的口语水平的多个技巧和方法。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的”AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe‘odd-man-out’?Theanswerisspeaking.Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown.“在英语学习的四种技能中，哪一种是“odd-man-out”?答案是说。其他三个你可以自己做。但你不能一个人说!）可知，此处指在英语学习的四种技能中，哪一种是不一样的。由此推知，odd-man-out指与别的不一样的事物。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Ifyoupaytogotoalanguageschool,youshouldusetheopportunitytospeak.“如果你花钱去语言学校，你应该利用这个机会说英语；第四段中的”Theyareusuallyfreealthoughsomemaychargeasmallentrancefee(费用).“他们通常是免费的，尽管有些人可能会收取一点入场费；第六段部分中的”Ifyoucanfindone,you'llprobablymeetmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorsecondlanguage.“如果你能找到一个，你可能会遇到很多把英语作为第一或第二语言的人及常识可知，去咖啡馆和酒吧的话，肯定会有消费的。由此可知，你可以花钱在学校、会话俱乐部、咖啡馆和酒吧学英语。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Whenyouknowthatyouhavemadeamistake，youknowthatyouhavemadeprogress!“当你知道你犯了一个错误，你就知道你进步了!可推知，作者说“尽量多犯错误”，是因为犯错误是学好英语的必经之路。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?“你在哪里可以找到说英语的人?当你一个人的时候，你怎么练习说呢?及下文所推荐的地方和方法可知，文章主要讲述了如何提高英语学习者的口语水平的多个地方和方法。由此可知，本文的主要目的是给我们推荐了一些如何练习口语的建议。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(问题)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过工作能有一个积极的社会影响对年轻人的幸福至关重要。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates”除此之外，调查发现女生比男生更有可能把社会影响放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一项研究结果显示，数学和科学专业女学生所占的比例更有可能说她们进入这些领域是为了有所作为，可以推断出两项调查的结果是一致的。都说明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影响。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”强调改善世界的一个原因可能与大学文化有关，大学文化鼓励学生将他们的学习与现实世界的问题联系起来。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”调查发现，72%的大学毕业生认为通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。可知，多数的毕业生都认可工作产生的社会影响对他们而言是重要的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通过第一段的调查结论得出：通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。所以，文章主要阐述年轻人的幸福取决于在工作中改变世界；再根据第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”对他们来说，改变世界是如此重要，以至于45%的人说他们愿意接受15%的减薪去为一个对社会或环境有影响的组织工作，58%的人说他们愿意接受减薪去一个与他们价值观相同的组织工作。综上所述，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Whodoesn'twanttolivelifeinstyle?Lifeislikearoadonwhichyounevergetachancetoreturn,andisnotaverylongroadeither.Soweshouldtrytolivelifetothefullestandenjoyeverybitofit.

Everyindividualhasuniquelikingsandpreferences,andallofustrytolivethelivesthatsuitusbest.Theworldislikeapaintingclothonwhichdifferentpeoplewithdifferentraces,differentlanguages,anddifferentculturalbackgroundsinteract.Butamongthese,theartsprovideaneasyandnaturalwayforpeopletoconnect.

Peoplewithaknackfortheartsusuallydiscoveritinchildhood.Butartisn'tonlyforthetalented;itcanhelpeveryonegrow.Thosewithastrongartisticbackgroundareoftenmoreenergetic,andmoresuccessfulinallfieldsoflife.Artwidenstherangeofaperson'slife.

Paintingisoneofthemostpopularartforms.Thosewhoareinterestedintakingitupasacareerneedtogothroughextensivetrainingtogetfamiliarwiththevariousstyles.Professionalpaintersoftenhostartexhibitions,withartloversfromallovertheworldcomingtoseeandbuytheircreations.Sometimesthepaintingsaresoldathighprices.

Performingartsareequallypopularandadmired.Dance,instrumentalmusic,dramaandsoonrequireunusualartistictalentaswellasalongperiodofeducationandtrainingbeforeaudiencesstarttoapplaudtheperformances.Butanyonewithsomeartisticsensecanmakeartpartofhis/herlife,andbenefitfromit.（1）Peopleshouldmakethemostoflifebecause______.A.

lifeisdifficultbutenjoyabletime

B.

lifeisvaluableandordinaryC.

lifeistooshorttobewasted

D.

lifeislikearoadfulloftomorrows（2）What'sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.

Differentpeoplehavedifferentlifestyles.

B.

Differentpeopleshavedifferentcultures.C.

Artcanmakepeoplehappier.

D.

Artcanconnectpeopletogether.（3）heunderlinedword"knack"inParagraph3possiblymeans"______".A.

character

B.

ability

C.

power

D.

favour（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Howgreatartistsmakealivingbysellingtheirworks.B.

Howtoliveauniqueandcolorfullife.C.

Howtheartscontributetopeople'slives.D.

Howmuchperformingartshavetodowithtalentandeducation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人生苦短没有回头路，但艺术可以把不同背景的人联系在一起，有艺术天赋的人通常在各个领域都会更加成功。作者还列举了绘画、音乐、舞蹈等艺术形式对人们生活的影响。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Lifeislikearoadonwhichyounevergetachancetoreturn,andisnotaverylongroadeither.Soweshouldtrytolivelifetothefullestandenjoyeverybitofit.”可知人生没有回头路，而且非常短暂，我们要努力享受生活的一点一滴。我们不能浪费生活，要珍惜生活给我们的一切，故选C。（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Butamongthese,theartsprovideaneasyandnaturalwayforpeopletoconnect.”可知艺术可以很自然地把不同背景的人联系在一起，故选D。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Peoplewithaknackfortheartsusuallydiscoveritinchildhood.”可知在童年时期有艺术天赋地人就可以发现自己这方面的才能。与“

Butartisn'tonlyforthetalented;itcanhelpeveryonegrow.”艺术不仅对有才能的人有好处，它可以帮助所有成长，是一致的。划线词knack意为”ability/talent“，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍的是艺术如何影响人们的生活的内容，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Afriendisbetterthanfortune.Afriendisworsethanpoisoninsomecases.

Thetwosentencesabovehaveoppositemeaningsandseemtobeunreasonable

buttheycanbeexplainedasfollows:thefirstreferstoallgoodfriendswhodriveustowardsgoodwhilethesecondallbadoneswholeadusintobadways.

Myidealfriendisofcourseagoodfriendwhosegoodnessisshownbelow—hehasnobadhabits

suchassmokinganddrinking.Helivesinfrugality(节俭).Hestudieshardsoasnottowastehisgoldentime.Athomehehonorshisparentsandloveshisbrothers;atschoolherespectshisteachersandsharesthefeelingsofhisclassmates.Hetreatsthosetrulywhoaretruetohim.Inaword,hehasallthegoodcharacteristicsthatIdon'thave.Icanfollowhimasamodel.WithhishelpIcanbefreefromalldifficulties.

Indeed,ifIhavesuchapersonasmyfriend,IshallneverfeardifficultyandIshallneverknowtheexistenceoftheword"failure".（1）Thispassagetellsus____.A.

howtomakefriendswithothersB.

howtohelpfriendsC.

whatkindofpersonthewriter'sfriendisD.

whatkindofpersonweshouldmakefriendswith（2）Accordingtothewriter,anidealfriendrefersto_______.A.afriendwithoutbadhabitsB.afamousmanC.aperfectmanD.arespectableman（3）Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A.thewriterandhisidealfriendhavealottolearnfromeachotherB.thewriterhasalottolearnfromhisidealfriendC.thewriter'sidealfriendhasalottolearnfromhimD.thewriterhasonlyalittletolearnfromhisidealfriend（4）Fromthesecondparagraph,wecaninferthewriterissurethat_______.A.friendshipmeansagreatdealtohimB.nothingcanbedonewithoutfriendsC.hewhodoesnotsmokeordrinkmustbeagoodfriendD.goodfriendsshouldalwayshelpeachother【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该交哪种朋友。我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是我们应该交哪种朋友。我们应该交那种在学校尊敬老师，在家爱戴父母认真学习，珍惜时间的朋友。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知理想的朋友就是那些完美的人。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Icanfollowhimasamodel."他是我的楷模，我能从他身上学习到很多东西。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。从文章内容可知我很看重生命中的好朋友，一位友谊对我来说意义重大。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读。考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Whyisitthatmanypeoplewhohavesufferedamajorshock,suchasdivorceordeathofafamilymember,seemtobeweakeragainstavarietyofmajorandminorillness?Onecommonideaamongpsychologistshasbeenthatpeoplecoulddealwithsufferingmoreeffectivelyiftheywereabletounderstandandacceptit.Indeed,manyexpertsstressthevalueofexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsconnectedwithupsettingevents.

Recently,ateamofmedicalresearchersstudiedthelinksbetweendescribingpsychologicallypainfuleventsandlong-termhealth.Inoneexperimenthealthycollegestudentswereaskedtowriteabouteitherpersonallydisturbingexperiencesorordinarytopicsoveraperiodoffourdays.Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.

Inanexperimentthatfollowed,anothergroupofhealthystudentsweregiventhefour-daywritingexercises.Somechosetowriteabouthighlypersonalandupsettingexperiences(includingloneliness,problemswithfamilyandfriends,andhealth).Whenquestionedimmediatelyafterwards,theysaidthattheydidnotfeelanybetter.However,theirbloodsamples(样本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese"invaders".Thistrendcontinuedoverthefollowingsixweeks,whenanotherbloodsamplewastaken.Individualswhoshowedthebestresultswerethosewhowroteabouttopicsthattheyhadactivelykeptfromtellingothersabout.

Theresearcherssuggestedthatfailuretofaceuptopainfulexperiencecanbeaformofstressitself,andcanincreasethepossibilityofillness.Itfollows,then,thatactivelydealingwithamajorshockmakespossibleitsunderstandingandacceptance.Theanswerisnottosufferinsilence.Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletotalkaboutpersonalproblems,butwritingthemdownwillhelpthebodytofightdiseaseinthelongrun.（1）Inthefirstexperiment,thestudentswhowroteaboutpainfulevents________.A.startedtosufferpsychologicalproblemsB.enjoyedsharingtheirinnerthoughtandfeelingsC.werelesslikelytoseektreatmentforsicknessD.couldn'tdealwithsufferingeffectively（2）Peoplewhowroteaboutpersonalproblemsinthesecondexperiment________.A.hadmorebacteriaandvirusesintheirbloodB.haddecreasedfeelingsoflonelinessC.showedanimprovedwhitecellreactionD.didbetterintheirwritingtasks（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"referto?A.Thewhitecells.B.Bacteriaandviruses.C.Resistancetoillness.D.Thereactionandsensitivityofthecells.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SufferingandHealthB.InnerThoughtsandFeelingsC.IllnessandHealthD.MentalIllnessandSocialAcceptance【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，心理学的研究表明，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。许多专家认为将与令人不安的事件有关的思想和情感表达出来是十分重要的。不能面对痛苦的经历本身就可能是某种形式的压力，也会增加患病的可能性。所以从长远来看，不要默默忍受，说出来或者写出来将有助于身体对抗疾病。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.”可知，在随后的几个月里，那些选择在写作中表达自己内心想法和感受的学生，比那些写过日常话题的人更少去看病。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However,theirbloodsamples(样本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese‘invaders’.”可知，在第二个实验中写下了个人问题的人显示他们的白细胞对细菌和病毒的反应和敏感性增强了。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruses…”可知，白细胞是用来对抗细菌和病毒的，因此these"invaders"指的就是细菌和病毒这些“入侵者”。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文开头提出观点，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。然后通过两个实验证明，将内心的感受通过说或者写的方式表达出来从长远看会有助于身体对抗疾病。因此本文关注的话题是情感经历和健康的关系问题。选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Foodexpertssaywashingcouldspreadthegermsonyourturkeyinthekitchensinkornearbyfood.Butit'sbeenachallengetryingtoconvincecookstostoprinsing(冲洗)offrawpoultry.Germsthatcanmakepeoplesickarecommoninthegutsofhealthypoultryandarelegallyallowedtobeonrawturkeyandchicken.Theassumptionisthatnobodyeatstheirpoultryraw,andthatthoroughcookingwillkillthebacteria.

Thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheUSDAisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidChapman.BenjaminChapman,astudyauthorandfoodsafetyexpertatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,saidtheinstincttowashrawpoultrygoesbackatleastdecadeswhenpeoplereliedmoreonvisualcluestospotproblemswithpoultry.Meanwhile,washinghandsandsurfacesarealsoimportant.

Butfoodpreparationisacomplicatedact,andgermsfrompoultrycanbespreadevenifit'snotwashed,especiallywhenbirdsareremovedfrompackaging.

TheUSDA-fundedstudystressesthatpoint.ResearcherssprayedrawchickenwithaharmlessstrainofE.coli(大肠杆菌)andwatchedvolunteercooksattes