高考英语阅读理解指导学案

2026高考英语阅读理解指导教育部考试中心发布的(基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》规定了英语科的四维考查内容,关键能力便是其中一项。该文指出:阅读理解是学习和使用英语的一项基本能力。英语科的阅读理解能力归纳为7项具体能力:1）理解词汇:2)理解具体信息;3)理解主旨要义;4)理解观点、态度;5)理解目的:6)推断;7)理解文章结构、类型。下面,我们挑选了五种高频考查的阅读理解能力,为大家总结解答方法和技巧。一、理解词汇解答此类题目常常需要借助上下文语境。常用的语境包括:定义、解释或同位关系;例证关系:同义或反义关系;因果关系;上下文相关信息等。例:(2024年高考英语甲卷B篇,保留原题号,下同)Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!...Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter. take...up的分句提到“狗以其令人印象深刻的检东西习惯而闻名”,划线部分所在分句以but开头,说明该句对比了狗和猫在捡东西方面的能力。根据下一句"猫会找到随机物品带给主人”,这说明猫在捡东西这方面的能力比狗更胜一筹。通过上下文的对比和解释关系,可以准确判断出“take...upanotch”的具体含义是“做得更好”。二、理解具体信息 on”的且作青 解答此类题目需要从中提取诸如数字、时间、地点、人物、事件及活动的起因、过程、方式、结果等具体信息,这些信息有的可直接从文中获取,有的需要进行简单归纳。例:(2024年高考英语新课标II卷B篇)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there'sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaoneminute,athreeminute,orafiveminutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefmunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransitknownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceiptlikeshortstory."24.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture.B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers'needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.选C。文章首段揭示了乘客在车站可能面临的一个常见问题忘记带读物。尽管手机很方便,但许多人仍然喜欢回归传统，阅读纸质书籍或文章。接着,文章描述了BART在旧金山湾区设置自助服务亭的情况,这些服务亭提供可打印的故事供乘客阅读。因此,BART推出这个项目是为了满足乘客的阅读需求。首段中的oldschool意为“传统的”。三、理解主旨要义解答此类题目时应注意观察选项特点,正确选项不能只是概括某个细节或表述局部观点,也不能包括文章没有提及的内容。例:(2024年高考英语新课标I卷B篇)LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmoreeasilyandridesmorefortably"afterachiropracticadjustment,26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Theplexityofveterinarians'work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.选D。第三段提供了两个具体的例子来说明Farber的治疗方法如何帮助动物:一个是患有严重心脏病的狗在Farber的治疗下多活了五个月,另一个是马在接受按摩疗法后行动更自如。这两个例子都强调了Farber所实施的整体医学疗法的有效性。解答此题的关键在于识别Farber'streatments和achiropracticadjustment与文中的主题词汇一“holistic”medicine的关系。四、理解观点、态度解答此类题目可采用以下方法:1.中心句判断法，文章的中心思想与作者的观点、态度密切相关，而文章的中心句又反映了文章的中心思想,因此,可通过文章的中心句来判断作者的观点、态度;2.利用转折关系找重点,作者和他人的真正态度常常出现在表示转折关系的词汇后面,故在读到but、yet、however、although、nevertheless等词时要多加注意;3.根据文中人物所用语言的褒贬来判断其态度,注意句中带有感情色彩的词汇;4.通过文中所举的例子来判断人物的态度倾向。例:(2024年高考英语甲卷C篇)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistants" workingandlivinginsuchlittlespace butstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,"saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. 选A。Ducke在描述SaintLukas的服务时使用了以下积极评价的词汇和表达:veryimpressed、workingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned、thebestchance,这些词汇和表达显示了他对SaintLukas列车提供的医疗服务的高度赞赏。五、推断解答此类题目可采用以下方法:1.立足已知推断未知,正确选项一定能在原文中找到依据或理由;2.识别干扰项,干扰项常对文章内容进行断章取义、对原文信息进行增补和篡改、或是原文未提及的信息;3.忌主观臆断,勿以自己的想法代替作者或文中人物的言外之意;4.忌过度推断,不要人为将问题复杂化，进行多步推断。例:(2024年高考英语新课标I卷C篇)Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.选C。最后一段强调在需要注意力高度集中和反思的学习过程中,教育从业者不能认为所有媒介(电子文本、音频和视频)都是相同的,即使这些媒介包含相同的文字内容。再结合本文的主旨纸质文本在学习效果方面有优势可知,作者暗示纸质在教育中仍然有其独特的价值,不能完全被其他媒介取代。附练习题YoungOrnithologists(鸟类学家)oftheYearOnceagain,BritishBirdswasthesponsorofthisannualpetition,whichwasrunbytheYoungOrnithologists’Club(YOC).Thegeneralstandardofentriesintheintermediate(中的)agegroupand,especially,thesenioragegroupwasevenhigherthanusual,andthiswasreflectedbythejudges'decisiontolistseveralrunnersup,Entriesinthejunioragegroup,howeverweremuchfewerandofalowerstandardthaninpastbablyasaresultoftheincreasingemphasiswhichthejudgeshaveplacedonfieldobservationsandfieldnotebooks.Thewinnersandrunnersupwereasfollows:SENIOR(1318yearsold)1stPaulSalaman2ndGuyThompson3rdPaulMead4thHowardT.Vaughan5thEricFordINTERMEDIATE(1012yearsold)1stOscarCampbell2ndDavidAnning3rdJamesShand4thJaneReidNOFIRSTPRIZEAWARDEDJUNIOR(69yearsold)Encouragementprize:ColinMackenzieThetwowinners,PaulSalamanandOscarCampbell,willeachreceiveafreeoneyearsubscriptiontoBritishBirdsand£65worthofbirdbooksorequipmentoftheirchoice.Theywillbepresentedwiththeirprizesataspecialceremony.Therunnersupwillallreceiveabirdbookasasymboloftheirachievement.TheYOCdevelopsaresponsibleattitudeamongthosewhoarelikelytobeefutureornithologistsandconservationists,andweurgeallreadersofBritishBirdstoencourageyoungbirdwatcherswhomtheymayknowtojointheYOC.1.Whywerethereseveralrunnersuplistedinthesenioragegroup?A.Therewerefewerentries.B.Thereweremoreparticipants.C,Thequalityoftheentrieswasveryhigh.D.Thejudgesplacedemphasisonencouragement.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuyThompson?A.HewilljointheYOC.B.HewillreceiveacashprizeC.HewillbeawardedabirdbookD.Hewillattendtheawardceremony.3.Whatisthetext?A.Anannouncement.C.Apublicappeal.B.AnadvertisementD.Asciencereport.AdamMossgaveuphisjobaseditorinchiefofNewYorkmagazinefiveyearsago,hestartedpainting.Helovedit,butitwasdisheartening.“Ireallywantedtobegood,anditmadetheactofmakingartsoupsettingforme,"saysMoss.“ThisstudioiswhereIemanydaysandwrestlewithtryingtomakesomething.TryingtomakesomethingisexactlythesubjectofAdamMoss’snewbook,TheWorkofArt:HowSomethingesfromNothing.“ThebookiscalledTheWorkofArt,"saysMoss.“Andthatiskindofwhatit'sabout."It'saboutthework.Thebookhas43chapters,eachonefocusingonasingleartistandtheirprocessofcreatingasinglework.Theyefromawiderangeofdisciplines.Therearepoets,painters,chefs,sandcastlesculptorsandcrosswordpuzzlemakers.Andthroughthiscollectionofinterviews,thebooktriestoanswerthequestions:Howdoesasketch(草图)beeapainting?Howdoroughlywrittennotesbeeasong?Howdoesaninspirationbeeamasterpiece?Inonechapter,MossspeakswithAmySillman,anabstractpainterwhoMossadmiresforheruniqueuseofcolorandshape“Amywasalsoadreamsubjectforthisproject,”Mosswrites.“Becausetoreachthefinishlineofmostofherpaintings,shepaintsdozensofpaintings,orevenmore,eachusuallyprettywonderful.”So,whatisthekeytocreatingamasterpiece?Mossdidnotfindananswer.Alloftheartistsfeaturedacrossthebookareunique,andsoaretheircreativeprocesses.However,Mossdidnoticethathissubjectsconsistentlyfoundwaysnottoletthefearoffailureormistakespreventthemfromstarting.“Theytriedtogetthroughthatasquicklyaspossibleandwithaslittlethoughtaspossible,"Mosssays.“Manyofthemwriteinlonghand,givingthemselvesopenpermissiontofail.”4.WhatdidMossoftenexperiencewhenhestartedpainting?A.Unsuccessfulefforts,B,Instantsuccesses.C.Alackofinterest.D.Beingstuckforinspiration.5.WhatisthemainfocusofMoss'sbook?A.Thetrendsinartcreation.B.Thelastingvalueofartpieces.C.Thelifestoriesoffamousartists.D.Thetransformationofideasintoartworks.6.WhatcanweinferaboutSillman’spaintingstyle?A.Sheseldomdrawssketches.B.Sheaimsforperfection.C.Sheoftenusesbrightcolors.D.Shedrawsimaginationfromdreams.7.Whatstrategydomanyartistsapply?A.Startingwithawelldesignedplan.B.Caringlittleaboutcarelesshandwriting.C.Learningfromothers’failureandmistakes.D.Givingthemselvesenoughtrialanderrorspace.WhenIwasinGrade2,everyafternoonMissTunkerwouldopenherNiveacreamandwarmupherhandswiththecream,itssmellcausingustoputawayourbooks,pencilsandpapers,andtositupstraight,knowingwe’dbeinvitedtothelittlecarpetatthebackoftheclassroom.Thereweheldourbreath,waitingforMissTunkertoopenCharlotte'sWebandletWilbur,FernandCharlottebackout.Oneday,MissTunkerdidn'tinviteustoeovertothelittlecarpet.“Children,"shesaid,“ithasetomyattentionthatsomeoneinthisclasswenttothepubliclibraryandnotonlytookoutCharlotte'sWebbutfinishedandreturnedit.Nowthatyouknowwhathappens,thereisnoreasonformetokeepreading.Wemusthaveallshouted“NO,KEEPREADING!”butMissTunker,wholikedrules,didnotfinishCharlotte'sWeb.HerpunishmentmusthavebondedusbecauselrememberArisandJudyandJohnyandtheotherchildrentalkingandwantingtogettheirhandsonthatbook,eventhoughweknewthatWilburwouldbesaved,andthatCharlottewoulddie.Intheschoolyard,wegrieved(悲痛)together.Bythesixthgrade,Jawswasmakingtheroundsintheclassroom.Thebooktraveledfromdesktodesk,withspecificpagesmarked.Weweresharing,andwewerebonding.Yearslater,lwasteachingteensEnglishinSwitzerland.[introducedTheOutsidersasourclassnovel.OneMonday,agroupofstudentstoldmetheyhadwatchedthemovieontheweekendandhowtheylovedit.Theyaskedifwecouldhurryupandbeginreadingthebook.Iwasshocked:allmylessonplanswerenowsurelyuselessgiventheyknewtheoute,ButimusthaverememberedthatNiveacreambecauselforcedmyselftosmileandsay,“Didn'tyoujustloveit?Wewillwatchitagainwhenwefinishthebook,"Andthentherewasmagic:lreadaloud,wetalkedandwecried,andthenalloveragainwhenwewatchedthemovietogetherMissTunkerjusthadn'tgottenit.HowdidthestudentsfeelatthesmelloftheNiveacream?Shocked.B.Honored.C.Nervous.D.Eager.2.WhydidMissTunkerdecidetostopreadingCharlotte'sWeb?A.Theplotwasrevealed.B.Thepubliclibraryboughtit.C.Thestudentslostinterestinthestory.D.Thestudentsbrokeschoolrulesthatday.3.HowdidMissTunker’spunishmentaffectthestudents?A.Theydevelopedaloveforsharedreading.B.Theydirectedtheirattentiontootherbooks.C.Theybecamestrictrulefollowers.D.Theystartedtowatchmovies.4.Whatmadetheauthor'steachingofTheOutsiderssuccessful?A.Assigningprereadingtasks.B.Makingdetailedlessonplans.C.Understandingstudentsinterests.D.Usingvisualaidstoenhanceprehension.Withtheabilitytoprocesslargedatasets,detectpatternsandmakeaccuratepredictionsattopspeeds,artificialintelligence(AI)toolsarehelpinghealthcareworkersspotclinicallyrelevantsignsthatmightotherwiseflyundertheradar.AcrossthecampusofNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU),severalresearchteamsaredevelopingAltechnologiestohelpphysiciansdelivermoreeffectivecare.Skincancerisoneofthemostmoncancersbutitisdifficulttodistinguishskincancerfromotherskindiseases.BackedbyadvancesinAI,puteraideddiagnosis(诊断)canhelpdistinguishthesedifferentskindiseasesbyanalysingimagesoftheskinsurface.However,highdetectionaccuracyoftenesatthecostofhighputingpower.ResearchersledbyProfMiaoChunyanareexperimentingwithanAlmethodcalledSelfSupervisedDiverseKnowledgeDistillation(SSDKD)thatcanefficientlyprocessrichdatasetsevenon.deviceswithlimitedputingresources.Whentestedagainstalargedatabaseofover25,000images,theirmodelcorrectlyclassifiedeightdifferentskindiseasesandachievedanaccuracyrateof85%.InTraditionalChineseMedicine,amassage(按摩)calledTuinaisusedtoeaselowerbackpain.Butskilledmassagetherapists(治疒)areinshortsupply,makingautomatedinventionsanappealingadditiontothehealthcareforce.“Effectiveandaffordablelongtermcareforpainmanagementisanessentialhealthcareneedineverycountry,"saysAssocProfLindaZhong.AiTreat,astartupsupportedbyNTU,aimstomeetthisneedthroughitsflagshiproboticproduct:ExpertManipulativeMassageAutomation(EMMA).TheteamdevelopedanAItrainingmodeltobuilduptherobot'sanalyticalcapabilities,allowingittorecognizepatients’physicalstatusandplanappropriatemovementstoperformthemassagetreatment.EMMAisnowsettoundergotrialscoledbyAssocProfZhongtoevaluatethetechnology'seffectivenessparedtoTuinadonebyhumanhands.“EMMAcanbeeapioneeringapplicationtoredefinehowtherapeuticmassagesaredelivered,”AssocProfZhonghighlights.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“flyundertheradar”inparagraph1mean?A.Turnworse.B.Gounnoticed.C.Relyonmachines.D.Consumegreatefforts.6.WhatisanadvantageofSSDKD?A.Itcanbeusedinlowresourcesettings.B.Itcanimprovethecurerateofskincancer.C.ItcanreducecostsforskindiseasetreatmentsD.Itcanfunctionwithminimaltrainingdata.7.WhatisexpectedofEMMA?A.Totrainnewmassagetherapists.B.Todomassageonpatientsindependently.C.Toinformpatientsoftheirlowerbackproblems.D.Tohelpmassagersanalysepatients’physicalstatus.8.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Leadtopicexamples.B.Problemcausesolution.C.Overviewdetailssummary.D.Descriptionanalysisimplications参考答案13CCA 47ADBD解析A篇主题语境：人与自然——自然生态本文是应用文。文章介绍了年度青少年鸟类学家比赛的获奖情况和奖品发放情况。1. C。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Thegeneralstandardofentries...thesenioragegroupwasevenhigherthanusual,andthiswasreflectedbythejudges'decisiontolistseveralrunnersup可知，高年龄组的参赛作品质量异常高，因此评委决定列出多个除冠军以外的获胜者。注：runnerup意为“非冠军的获奖者”。2. C。理解具体信息。根据文中的Therunners

upwillallreceiveabirdbookasasymboloftheirachievement可知，所有非冠军获得者都将获得一本有关鸟类的书籍。3. A。理解文章类型。本文是关于YoungOrnithologists'Club组织的年度青少年鸟类学家比赛的获奖情况和奖品发放的公告。B篇主题语境：人与社会——艺术本文是书评。文章介绍了AdamMoss的新书TheWorkofArt:HowSomethingesfromNothing，该书通过采访不同艺术家，探讨了艺术创作的过程以及如何将灵感转化为艺术作品。4. A。推断。根据第一段中的Ireallywantedtobegood,anditmadetheactofmakingartsoupsettingforme可知，Moss谈到自己的艺术创作初始阶段的经历时说道，他常常希望自己能做得很好，但过程往往让他感到沮丧。由此可推知，他在开始绘画时经常会碰到付出努力却收获不佳的情况。5. D。理解具体信息。根据第三段中的Thebookhas43chapters,eachonefocusingonasingleartist,andtheirprocessofcreatingasinglework以及第四段的三个问题可知，这本书的重点在于记录艺术家们在艺术创作时将灵感转化为艺术作品的过程。答案项中的ideas是文中inspiration的同义转述。6. B。推断。根据第五段Moss评价Sillman的创作时的用语：Becausetoreachthefinishlineofmostofherpaintings,shepaintsdozensofpaintings,orevenmore,eachusuallyprettywonderful可知，AmySillman在完成一幅画作之前，通常会画几十幅甚至更多的草图，这表明她是一个对自己的作品精益求精的艺术家。7. D。推断。根据最后一段中的hissubjectsconsistentlyfoundwaysnottoletthefearoffailureormistakespreventthemfromstarting.“Theytriedtogetthroughthatasquicklyaspossibleandwithaslittlethoughtaspossible,”Mosssays.“Manyofthemwriteinlonghand,givingthemselvesopenpermissiontofail.”可知，书中的艺术家们不会让对失败或错误的恐惧阻止他们开始创作。他们大多使用手写草稿，允许自己失败。由此可推知，这些艺术家在创作过程中采取的策略是给自己足够的试错空间。【词汇链接】1.wrestlewith(para.1):设法解决2.discipline(para.3):知识领域，学科3.getthrough(thelastpara.):熬过4.

longhand(thelastpara.):普通书写（非打印或速记）阅读理解专练（二）参考答案14DAAC 58BABA解析A篇主题语境：人与自我——学习本文是记叙文。作者分享了小学时Tunker老师带领班级同学一起读故事的场景，这对他后来的工作产生了深远的影响。1. D。理解观点、态度。根据第一段中的MissTunkerwouldopenherNiveacream...waitingforMissTunkertoopenCharlotte'sWebandletWilbur,FernandCharlottebackout可知，一闻到老师的妮维雅护手霜的味道，班里的孩子们就知道老师要读《夏洛特的网》给他们听了，他们立刻收拾起纸笔，端正坐姿，翘首以待老师邀请他们坐到教室后面的小地毯上听故事,这表明他们非常期待和渴望。2. A。理解具体信息。根据第二段中Tunker老师所说的ithaseto